Flake = (noun) A small, flat, very thin piece of something, typically one which has broken away or been peeled off from a larger piece. For cereal (pronounced ˈsɪərɪəl) corn flakes (or cornflakes) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/CornFlakes.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Cornflakes_in_bowl.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cornflakes_in_bowl.jpg/1200px-Cornflakes_in_bowl.jpg // For chocolate flakes See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFL3rdyFkjc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2i0fKvC9XQ // e.g., She licked the flakes of croissant off her finger./// My comment: you all know (and tasted) Kellogg's Corn flakes™ – See https://i5.walmartimages.com/asr/d339a601-e790-4b68-913e-a9f064ba383f_1.d182f6fadf7365235b26299d9b1bb803.jpeg /// Snowflake = a single ice crystal that has achieved a sufficient size, and may have amalgamated with others, then falls through the Earth’s atmosphere as snow. Each flake nucleates around a dust particle in supersaturated air masses by attracting supercooled cloud water droplets, which freeze and accrete in crystal form (***** for this definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Feathery_Snow_Crystals_%282217830221%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Snowflake_Detail.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Bentley_Snowflake4.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fUot7XSX8uA/maxresdefault.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-6zr2eLpduI/maxresdefault.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUot7XSX8uAMy /// My comment: snowflakes under a microscope have an amazing elaborate geometric shape. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzRFdb4r73c and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/d4/12/17/d4121768a00752418d28c4b8710f41a8--real-snowflakes-snowflake-photos.jpg // e.g., The snow was coming down in thick (snow)flakes./// An Australian term for the edible flesh of one of several species of shark (***** for this definition). (My comment as an Aussie: never heard!)./// (Archaeology) (lithic flake) A piece of hard stone chipped off for use as a tool by prehistoric humans. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Lithic_flake.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Lithic_blade_and_core.png and https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/plateaus/images/bc65-c309.jpg // (as modifier) e.g., Flake tools./// (mass noun) Thin pieces of crushed, dried food or bait for fish. See https://www.dhresource.com/0x0s/f2-albu-g4-M00-CA-63-rBVaEVcoCFiAcdlMAAEt0Sghm_U569.jpg/bionic-flake-shad-wobbler-artificial-fishing.jpg // e.g., The baits used are lobworms, cheese paste, meat paste, bread flake and crust./// (informal) (US English) A crazy or eccentric (pronounced ɪkˈsen.trɪk) person; e.g., ''So, do you now blame your loss on these crazies and flakes?'' /// (Nautical) (also called fake) A single turn of a coiled rope or hawser (= a thick rope or cable for mooring or towing a ship). See http://tradewindssailing.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/flake.jpg and http://www.animatedknots.com/photos/flemish/flemishR1.jpg /// (noun) A rack or shelf for storing or drying food such as fish./// (verb; no object) Come or fall away from a surface in flakes; e.g., The paint had been flaking off for years./// Lose small fragments from the surface; e.g., My nails have started to flake at the ends./// (verb with object) Separate food into flakes or thin pieces; e.g., Flaked almonds./// (verb; no object) (of food) Come apart in flakes or thin pieces; e.g., ''Cook until the fish flakes easily.'' /// Flake out = (verb; no object) (informal) Fall asleep; drop from exhaustion; e.g., He got back in time to flake out until morning./// (verb; with object) (Nautical) Lay a rope in loose coils in order to prevent it tangling (tangle = twist together into a confused mass); e.g., A cable had to be flaked out./// Lay a sail down in folds either side of the boom (= long pole). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsCV4-wUS18 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVa1gWsbInU
Hawser (pronounced ˈhɔː.zər) = (noun) A thick rope or cable for mooring (moor = make fast a boat by attaching it by cable or rope to the shore or to an anchor) or towing (tow = (of a motor vehicle or boat) pull another vehicle or boat along with a rope, chain, or tow bar) a ship/ a strong, thick rope, often made of steel ((*) for the second part of the definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A16341.jpg/220px-The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A16341.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Tugboat_diagram-en.svg and http://images.wisegeek.com/blue-ship-in-dock.jpg // e.g., Many of the ship’s 400 passengers peered at the spectacle below, as the ship was moored along the pier (= a structure leading out from the shore into a body of water, in particular) and held by thick hawsers.
Fable (pronounced ˈfeɪ.b(ə)l) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (noun) A short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral; e.g., Buddha Stories is a collection of animal fables that teach the moral principles of Buddhism./// (verb) Tell fictitious tales; e.g., ‘I do not dream nor fable.’/// [Note: Aesop's Fables (Aesop is pronounced ˈiːsɒp), also known as Aesopica, is a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 564 BC (*****) The moral animal fables associated with him were probably collected from many sources, and initially communicated orally. Aesop is said to have lived as a slave on the island of Samos, in Greece].
Manifold (pronounced ˈmanɪfəʊld) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) (formal, literary) Many and various (pronounced ˈvɛːrɪəs); e.g., The implications of this decision were manifold.// e.g., We do not need to repeat the manifold examples of non-payment of water bills to town councils, with things then going from bad to worse./// Having many different forms or elements; e.g., The appeal of the crusade was manifold.// e.g., Womanhood, according to the theory, is a manifold phenomenon as different women live and behave differently in different circumstances and conditions./// (noun) A pipe or chamber branching into several openings. For a pipeline manifold See https://localsignal.s3.amazonaws.com/4c10b784-3e68-4c94-ac35-30ad5acbdc7d/media/pipeline-manifold-and-terminal-valve.jpg and http://www.pcl.com/Projects-that-Inspire/PublishingImages/2110036-f-0-2110036_8.JPG // e.g., US aircraft attacked the pipeline manifold feeding the Sea Island./// (mechanics) (in an internal combustion engine) The part conveying air and fuel from the carburetor to the cylinders (pronounced ˈsɪlɪndəs) or that leading from the cylinders to the exhaust pipe. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png/220px-Manly_1919_Fig_133_Fordson_intake.png For an intake manifold (in car) See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCaSDjuqMv8MFB7oJyzW9u1YATYU0xdmfNazPFX9ZFGtZGfBmKd0LQlSOy55NDRrQttvAl7eB2z0OmiX68LUWCkCdzPjhYIV0B3bcMTyoX8oOBWmUTToKgn73reLkd31lHH7v7K1DD4lt/?imgmax=800 and https://www.comeracing.com/sites/comeracing.com/files/styles/white_backgroung/public/catalog-components/come4btsingle4barrelvnmanifoldefi.jpg?itok=W02Hb-Sa For the exhaust manifold See https://www.cstatic-images.com/original/srvc-gloss/1415724366739.png // e.g., The exhaust manifold./// (Mathematics) A collection of points forming a certain kind of set, such as those of a topologically closed surface or an analog of this in three or more dimensions./// (in Kantian philosophy) The sum of the particulars furnished by sense before they have been unified by the synthesis of the understanding.
Promiscuous (pronounced prəˈmɪskjʊəs) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) Having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships; licentious; e.g., Promiscuous teenagers.// e.g., A promiscuous woman.// e.g., They ran wild, indulging in promiscuous sex and experimenting with drugs./// Demonstrating or implying an unselective approach; indiscriminate or casual; e.g., The city fathers were promiscuous with their honors.// e.g., Companies have become more promiscuous in their search for intelligence.// e.g., There's a difference between being promiscuous and making serious strategic bets that may be the cause for regrets./// Consisting of a wide range of different things; e.g., Americans are free to choose from a promiscuous array of values.// e.g., ''To me, there seems something promiscuous about his geographical range: it looks as though he is looking for battles to fight.''
Licentious (pronounced laɪˈsen.ʃəs) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) promiscuous (= having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships; pronounced prəˈmɪs.kju.əs) and unprincipled in sexual matters; e.g., The ruler’s tyrannical and licentious behavior.// e.g., Unlike many of the artists who frequented the Soho scene of the 1960s, he did not lead a licentious life.// e.g., This process is naturally the opposite of that employed by the forgetful Don Juan (= a legendary Spanish nobleman known for his dissolute life and for seducing women), the master figure of our sexually licentious age.
Frigid (pronounced ˈfrɪdʒ.ɪd) (not to be confused with ‘’rigid’’)= (adjective) Very cold in temperature. For frigid water See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQHDKOOhHC4 For frigid weather at Stonehenge See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEkAztInf-w /// e.g., Frigid water.// e.g., The cold, frigid air from the open windows chilled his body./// (sexually frigid) (of a woman) Unable to be sexually aroused and responsive. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-nOt2upW5E For female sexual arousal disorder (formally known in psychology as ''frigid woman'') https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bf5CUBlsPJE // e.g., It cures the sexually frigid and the easily upset; it reawakens interest in sex for those suffering from physical or psychological problems./// Stiff or formal in behavior or style e.g., The frigid elegance of the new Opera Bastille.
Appropriate (pronounced a) Adjective = əˈprəʊprɪət b) Verb = əˈprəʊprɪeɪt) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (as an adjective) (pronounced əˈprəʊprɪət) Suitable or proper in the circumstances; e.g., This isn’t the appropriate time or place.// e.g., A measure appropriate to a wartime economy./// (as a verb) (with object) (pronounced əˈprəʊprɪeɪt) Take something for one’s own use, typically without the owner’s permission; e.g., The accused had appropriated the property.// e.g., The accompanying images were appropriated from films and videos but share certain visual qualities.// e.g., Stealing appropriates the fruits (= products) of someone else’s labor without his permission. /// Devote (= allocate) money or assets to a special purpose; e.g., There can be problems in appropriating funds for legal expenses.// e.g., If the company was forced into bankruptcy or left open to a major claim, the personal assets of the directors could be appropriated to pay off creditors.// e.g., Seaports asked for three times the amount of money that the Congress appropriated for port security.
Appropriation = (mass noun) The action of appropriating something; e.g., Dishonest appropriation of property.// e.g., He believes cultural appropriation is ‘artistically wrong.’ // e.g. This provides that a person’s appropriation of another's property is not to be regarded as dishonest if he believes that he has the right in law to deprive the other of it.// e.g., The author objected to the appropriation of his story by an amateur (pronounced ˈæm.ə.tʃɚ in North American English) filmmaker ((^^^) for this example)./// The deliberate reworking of images and styles from earlier, well-known works of art; e.g., Because of the role celebrities play in our society, the creative appropriation of celebrity images can also be an important avenue for individual expression.// e.g., Indeed, an appropriation may be what her work is principally about: even the seeming originality of the digital elements depends on a prior image source.// e.g., The hallmark of postmodernism has turned out to be appropriation./// A sum of money allocated officially for a particular use; e.g., Success in obtaining appropriations for projects.// (as modifier) e.g., The appropriation accounts.// e.g., Congress actually passed a bill (= a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion) which made Sunday closing a condition for the appropriation of federal money.// e.g. The committee approved an appropriation of $18,000 ((^^^) for the last example).
Hallmark = (noun) a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing; e.g., Simplicity is the hallmark of his design.// e.g., This explosion bears/ has all the hallmarks (= is extremely likely to have been) of a terror attack./// (in the UK) An official mark put on objects made of gold or silver that shows their place and year of origin and how pure the metal is that is used to make them (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Silver_Spoon%2C_Birmingham_%28edit%2C_maker%27s_marks%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Jewelry_hallmark_.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Poin%C3%A7on_or.JPG
Outgoing = (adjective) friendly and socially confident; e.g., He is an affable, jovial, outgoing type of person.// e.g., He’s always been very outgoing and he’s got heaps (= a lot of) of friends.// e.g., His friendly, outgoing personality enables him to fit in comfortably with any crowd.// Leaving an office or position, especially after an election defeat or completed term of office; e.g., The outgoing governor/ president.// e.g., All the outgoing officers and committee were re-elected.// e.g., It would be the kind of meeting that takes place between all incoming and outgoing governors, basically a standard transition briefing./// Going out or away from a particular place; e.g., Incoming and outgoing calls.// e.g., It starts by blocking all incoming and outgoing traffic and then opening ports for specific services.// e.g., (referred to computers) One tool lets you automatically block any incoming and outgoing traffic when your screensaver ‘kicks in.’ /// (UK English) outgoings = a person’s regular expenditure; e.g., ‘If your outgoings regularly exceed your incomings, you have a problem.’ //// An instance of going out; e.g., The inward deliveries and outgoings of raw materials.
Jovial (pronounced ˈdʒəʊvɪəl) = (adjective) Cheerful and friendly. See (jovial bear) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbA0143tu7Y and (jovial dog) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyYzmtP-ckM For a jovial baby See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPjL6bwIZqU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxVcKLgeR38 // e.g., He was in a jovial mood.// e.g., Peter will be remembered for his lively, jovial manner for whom work was his pleasure.//// e.g., Jovial time/ evening/ chat/ chap (= man, in dated British English).// e.g., She was joined by friends for the special occasion and was in jovial form as usual.
Lively (pronounced ˈlʌɪvli) = (adjective) Full of life and energy; active and outgoing. See (lively baby talk) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRvrMABg5Cw For lively kids See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpKxLtjxlyE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trshpcjBRRg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzN0TfSq3aA // e.g., A lively and uninhibited girl.// e.g., She is a lively little girl with blonde curly hair and sparkling eyes.// e.g., The Greeks are known for their lively, outgoing nature.//// (Of a place or atmosphere) full of activity and excitement. For a lively pub See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmhCJ0fdl60 and for the lively night in Madrid See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUdUP5qxHTc // e.g., London’s many lively pubs.// e.g., Blackpool was an extremely lively place this week.// e.g., The town was a lively place, buzzing with activity./// Intellectually stimulating or perceptive. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKQkYXvZ2yA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6FQngYBMw0 // e.g., A lively discussion.// e.g., His lively mind.// e.g., The best lessons are particularly lively and stimulating, with pupils responding with total concentration./// (UK English) (ironic) Difficult or challenging; e.g., A lively homeward passage dodging aircraft and E-boats.// e.g., ‘But I hope for us it is not more lively and difficult than today, eh?’ /// (of a boat) Rising lightly to the waves. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owZErWaKC5o and (here ‘lively’ may also refer to the event) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5ozatH1hq0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyLwHe1zij0 // e.g., This should result in a much more lively and competitive boat.// e.g., But cleaning fish on a lively boat that is heading for home at best speed can be fraught with (= full of) danger if proper precautions are not taken.
Affable (pronounced ˈafəb(ə)l) = (adjective) Friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to; e.g., An affable and agreeable friend.// e.g., He struck me as an affable sort of man ((^^^) for the 2nd example) // e.g., It was easy to imagine a scene in that affable pub on any night, the slagging, the fun.// e.g., He is too affable, too open, too ready to volunteer a view on issues that worry or interest him.// e.g., He was quite affable at the meeting ((**) for this example).
Intermission = (noun) A pause (pronounced pɔːz) or break.// Synonyms: interval (pronounced ˈɪn.tə.v(ə)l), interlude, break.// e.g., He was granted an intermission in his studies.// (mass noun) e.g., The daily work goes on without intermission.// e.g., ''Your intermission will not be approved until the project has been done.'' /// An interval between parts of a play, film, or concert; e.g., ‘I only did that with 3 or 4 minutes left to go in the intermission.’ // e.g., In the intermission of the premiere, the guests looked distinctly sheepish.// e.g., There in Germany, they still had intermissions for movies.
Interlude (pronounced ˈɪntəl(j)uːd) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (noun) An intervening period of time; an interval (pronounced ˈɪn.tə.v(ə)l); e.g., Enjoying a lunchtime interlude.// e.g., She rested her chin on his head and they returned to the peaceful interlude that they so enjoyed./// A pause between the acts of a play; e.g., Dancers have only one and a half minutes in the interlude to change clothes./// A thing occurring or done during an interval; e.g., But for the dance events coming as interludes, models took the center stage, inadvertently defining the commercialization of education./// Something performed during a theater interval; e.g., An orchestral interlude./// A piece of music played between other pieces or between the verses of a hymn; e.g., Short instrumental interludes between songs./// A temporary amusement or diversion that contrasts with what goes before or after; e.g., The romantic interlude palled rapidly once he was back in town.
Interim (pronounced ˈɪnt(ə)rɪm) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (noun) The intervening time; e.g., ‘In the interim I'll just keep my fingers crossed.’// e.g., ‘I am glad to wait; he is doing crucial work in the interim.’ // e.g., ‘And in the interim, enjoy this lovely picture of Tony Abbott.’ /// (usually interims) = (UK English) An interim dividend, profit, etc.// e.g., Next week, the company will reveal sharply increased turnover and profits with the announcement of interims.// e.g., The casino operator London Clubs International (LSE: LCI) reports interims on Wednesday.// e.g., Morse releases its full interims, complete with balance sheet stuff and profits, on May 3./// (adjective) In or for the intervening period; provisional; e.g., An interim arrangement.// e.g., ‘I agreed to be the interim CEO and to stay only six months.’ // e.g., Having him on board, at least for an interim period, would reassure customers and staff./// Relating to less than a full year's business activity; e.g., An interim dividend.// e.g., And the company’s most recent results were equally impressive: interim profits grew by 25% to $11m.// e.g., Sanyo said it will pay an interim dividend of 4 yen and a year-end dividend of 6 yen, up from 3 yen and 5 yen, respectively.
Condescend (to) (pronounced kɒndɪˈsɛnd) (My comment: beware of the meaning! It does not mean consent or allow) = (verb) Show feelings of superiority; be patronizing; e.g., ‘Take care not to condescend to your reader.’// e.g., Because, simply, the producers of media for young people can’t patronize or condescend to their audience.// e.g., ‘I’m inexperienced, not stupid, so don’t condescend to me, okay?’ /// e.g., (with infinitive) Do something in such a way as to emphasize that one clearly regards it as below one’s dignity or level of importance.// Synonym = deign.// e.g., ‘He condescended to see me at my hotel.’ // e.g., Students will condescend to read only about those things they think they already know; they don’t want new things!
Deign (pronounced deɪn) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (verb; no object, with infinitive) Do something that one considers to be beneath one’s dignity; e.g., ‘Until he deigns to bless us with his musical insights, we must make do with the old.’ // e.g., He didn’t deign to answer the maid’s question.// e.g., ‘I shall await his answer when he deigns to speak to me.’ // e.g., ‘If he deigns to reply to my letter, I’ll be extremely surprised.’ // e.g., This is to deign not to notice what is going on and to seek not to excuse a single one of one's actions ((**) for the previous 2 examples)./// (verb with object) (archaic) Condescend (mentioned above) to give something; e.g., He had deigned an apology.
Affiliate (pronounced: Verb = əˈfɪlɪeɪt. Noun = əˈfɪlɪət) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (usually be affiliated to/ with) (pronounced əˈfɪlɪeɪt) (verb with object) Officially attach or connect a subsidiary (= less important than but related or supplementary to// a company controlled by a holding company) group or a person to an organization; e.g., They are national associations affiliated to larger organizations.// e.g., The college is affiliated to The University of Maryland.// e.g., The school is affiliated with a national association of driving schools ((^^^) for the previous 2 examples) /// (of an organization) admit as a member; e.g., The main party agreed to affiliate 5 Conservative associations.// e.g., In October 2019 it affiliated the 4 national trade union centers in the country.// e.g., The team wasn't affiliated in time for the opening day of the season but it's understood the lads (lad =a boy or young man (often as a form of address)) will be in action this weekend./// (verb; no object) Officially join or become attached to an organization; e.g., Almost all students affiliate to the Students’ Union.// e.g., The Bishop visited the school on Monday to welcome it as the first community school to affiliate to the Diocese (= a district under the pastoral care of a bishop in the Christian Church; pronounced ˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs).// e.g., Unfortunately, the conference narrowly voted against affiliating to the Coalition.//// (pronounced əˈfɪlɪət) (noun) A person or organization officially attached to a larger body; e.g., The company established links with British affiliates.// e.g., Another affiliate supplies security equipment and services in the co-op service area and beyond.// e.g., The relationship between the national office and local affiliates is still evolving (evolve = develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form), still being worked out.
Affiliation = (mass noun) The state or process of affiliating or being affiliated; e.g., The group has no affiliation with any preservation society.// (countable noun) e.g., His political affiliations./// e.g., One of the fastest growing groups in the nation is people reporting no religious affiliation.
Indelible vs. Illegible vs. Intelligible vs. Ineligible
Indelible (pronounced ɪnˈdɛlɪb(ə)l) related to ink/ pen) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) (of ink or a pen) Making marks that cannot be removed. See (indelible ink) http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/4666588-3x2-940x627.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87cmPmW4CUM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wC5FdbOqxRI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-TnX4U-6mY For indelible marker pen See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdPhQCSoun0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulVknBpDLz0 For inedible pencil See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw2xwUtxbv0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RCQ0LWCcNo // e.g., Those without a criminal record were stamped on the arm with indelible ink.// e.g., An indelible marker pen.// e.g., The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt ((^^^) for the last example)./// Not able to be forgotten; e.g., ‘The story made an indelible impression on me.’ // e.g., ‘And being a child this made an indelible impression upon me.’
Illegible (pronounced ɪˈlɛdʒɪb(ə)l) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) (of writing or print) not clear enough to be read. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-IO8o9P_xc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8IF6uS7IKE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUxjiiB_RRc // e.g., His writing is almost illegible (**).// e.g., Her handwriting is totally illegible.// e.g., A piece of paper with an illegible scrawl (= untidy writing that is difficult to read) on it sat on a desk, along with a pen and a bottle of ink.
Intelligible (pronounced ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl) (My comment: the pronunciation is somewhat weird) (opposite = unintelligible) = (adjective) (of a speech and writing) Clear enough to be understood; e.g., He was so upset when he spoke that he was hardly intelligible (^^).// e.g., ‘Use vocabulary that is intelligible to your audience.’ // e.g., A barely intelligible reply.// e.g., ‘I am quite confident that I am more intelligible than you.’ // e.g., While it's clear and intelligible, a musical really deserves at least a stereo soundtrack./// (Philosophy) Able to be understood only by the intellect, not by the senses.
Unintelligible (pronounced ʌnɪnˈtɛlɪdʒɪb(ə)l) (My comment: the pronunciation is somewhat weird) = (adjective) Impossible to understand; e.g., Dolphin sounds are unintelligible to humans.// e.g., ‘I may leave parties a little earlier than usual, when the chat gets unintelligible to anyone who isn’t hammered.’ // e.g., At the same time, we turn our heads, watch him fall off a chair and slur (= an act of speaking indistinctly so that sounds or words run into one another or a tendency to speak in such a way; pronounced slɜ(ːr)) something unintelligible.
Ineligible for something/ to do something (pronounced ɪˈnel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl) (My comment: the pronunciation is a bit weird)= (adjective) not allowed to do or receive something because you do not meet certain conditions; e.g., He was declared ineligible for the competition because he worked for the company that ran it.// e.g., Many people became ineligible to receive aid because their earnings were above the new limit (*).// e.g., They were ineligible for jury service./// (dated) Not suitable or desirable, especially as a marriage partner; e.g., As a son-in-law he was quite ineligible.
Eligible = (adjective) Having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary condition; e.g., ‘Are you eligible for early retirement/ maternity leave?’ // e.g., ‘You might be eligible for a grant.’ // e.g., Only people over 18 are eligible to vote (^^).
Infinitesimal = (adjective) Extremely small; e.g., ‘It was a pause (pronounced pɔːz) so infinitesimal that I almost didn’t catch it, but I knew what I glimpsed (glimpse = see or perceive briefly or partially).’// e.g., ‘Or maybe, we fear that if we pause for even an infinitesimal second, someone else will grab our place and get ahead?’ // e.g., ‘Even in infinitesimal amounts, this poison can kill you.’ (My comment: such as cyanide).// e.g., The amounts of radioactivity present were infinitesimal ((^^^) for the previous 2 examples). /// (Mathematics) An indefinitely small quantity; a value approaching zero.
Finite (pronounced ˈfʌɪnʌɪt) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (adjective) Limited in size or extent; e.g., Earth is a sphere; it, therefore, has a finite volume and finite resources.// e.g., Every computer has a finite amount of memory.// Stephen Hawking’s final theory about the Big Bang claims the universe is finite and far simpler than previously thought.(You may read the article at https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5683499/Stephen-Hawkings-final-theory-claims-universe-finite-far-simpler-thought.html )./ // (Grammar) (of a verb form) having a specific tense, number, and person.
Infinity = (noun) time or space that has no end; e.g., The infinity of the universe (although it is more possible that it is finite).// e.g., The concept of infinity (^^).// e.g., (the famous quote of Albert Einstein) ‘Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I’m not sure about the universe!’ (My comment: the universe is more possible to be finite with no boundaries).
Peril = (mass noun) Serious and immediate danger; e.g., ‘You could well place us both in peril.’ // e.g., The movement is in peril of dying.// e.g., The Hague Convention generally protects carriers by sea against the perils of the sea.// e.g., A setback to the state could present peril to the regime./// Perils = the dangers or difficulties that arise from a particular situation or activity; e.g., She first witnessed the perils of pop stardom a decade ago.// e.g., Teenagers must be warned about the perils of unsafe sex ((^^^) for the last example).
Grueling (US English) (gruelling in British English) (pronounced ˈɡrʊəlɪng) = (adjective) Extremely tiring and demanding; e.g., A grueling schedule.// e.g., The work week was six days, and each workday was a grueling 12 hours.// e.g., So he put an incorrect date of birth on the application form and completed the grueling 20-mile route.// e.g., A grueling 60-mile run.// e.g., Junior doctors often have to work a grueling 100-hour week. (My comment: I guess this includes their shifts as, for example, the ETWD in Europe imposes a maximum limit of 48 hours per week).// e.g., He eventually won the match after five grueling sets ((**) for the last 2 examples).
Ethos (pronounced ˈiːθɒs) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (noun) the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about the behavior and relationships of a person or group; e.g., The ethos of the traditional family firm is being threatened.// e.g., National ethos.// e.g., Working-class ethos.// e.g., Violence is part of their ethos.// e.g., Most companies have corporate ethos (*).
Apace (pronounced əˈpeɪs) = (adverb) (formal or literary) swiftly; quickly; e.g., Work continues apace.// e.g., The project is coming on apace (i.e., is advancing quickly) ((^^^) for the 2nd example).// e.g., Preparations for the new season at Gigg Lane continue apace.// e.g., ''I believe it would be enriching for both avenues of investigation to proceed apace'' ((**) for the last example).
Blue–collar worker = a working-class person who performs manual labor. Blue-collar work may involve skilled or unskilled manufacturing, mining, sanitation, custodial work, textile manufacturing, commercial fishing, food processing, oil field work, waste disposal, and recycling, construction, mechanic, maintenance, warehousing, technical installation, and many other types of physical work. Blue-collar work often involves something being physically built or maintained (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/PV-Anlage_Zugspitze_Montage.jpg and https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/blue-collar-workers-14740210.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KAXK1Ih50VU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjb2ysFLU6M
White–collar worker = a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work. White-collar work may be performed in an office or other administrative settings (*****). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjb2ysFLU6M and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPKzyUCoOWs and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUvQ6EKJO3I and https://images.forbes.com/media/2010/10/08/1008_mortgage-lending-director-slow-growing_400x400.jpg
White-collar crime = a crime, especially a non-violent, financial crime, committed by a white-collar worker, typically involving the abuse of his or her professional status or expertise. See http://prof.chicanas.com/20/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/White-collar-2.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEoYxQgYT2w /// (mass noun) e.g., Embezzlement (= theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one’s employer) is a white-collar crime (^).
Pink-collar worker = someone working in the care-oriented career field or in jobs historically considered to be "women’s work". This may include jobs in the beauty industry, nursing, teaching, secretarial work, waitressing, or childcare. While these jobs may also be filled by men, they are typically female-dominated and may pay significantly less than white-collar or blue-collar jobs (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Waitress_taking_an_order.jpg and (navy nurse) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/U.S._Navy_Nurse_Corps_recruiting_poster%2C_January_1945_%28NH_78855%29.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElyfIG_FFtM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibPBUsKSqQY and (not related to pink-collar worker; I just added this video for fun) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-JXapgJlOo
Portfolio worker = a person who works for several different companies or organizations at the same time. A portfolio worker may have a variety of different clients that they offer different services to, or they may work part-time for a company and have their own business as well (*).
Hater (My comment: some wonder if it exists as a noun; it does!) = (noun) A person who greatly dislikes a specified person or thing; e.g., A man-hater.// e.g., About negative comments on the web we should not doubt that many, if not most, people are haters! (Obviously, my own example).
Envisage (UK English) vs. Envision (US English)
Envisage (pronounced ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (verb with object) contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event; envision (US English – mentioned below)// to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good; e.g., (+ that) It’s envisaged that building will start at the end of this year.// (+ gerund (-ing verb)) ‘When do you envisage finishing the project?’ // e.g., (+ question word) ‘It’s hard to envisage how it might happen.’ ((*) for the second part of the definition and the 3 first examples). // e.g., ‘I do not pretend to be able to envisage all the various possibilities.’ // e.g., The document envisages the creation of 200,000 jobs to permanently reduce unemployment to below 11 percent.// e.g., The Rome Treaty (= agreement) envisaged free movement across frontiers.// e.g., The work was divided into four stages but the proposal envisaged continuous, uninterrupted progression of the project./// (verb with object) Form a mental picture of something not yet existing or known; e.g., He knew what he liked but had difficulty envisaging it.// e.g., ‘I have difficulty really envisaging how that could have happened.’ // e.g., In these circumstances, it is difficult to envisage anyone using their law or medical degree for benevolent (= kind and helpful// giving money or help to people or organizations that need it (*)) reasons.// e.g., ‘He wasn’t what I’d expected – I’d envisaged someone much taller!’ (My comment: I guess that it refers to a date!) ((**) for the last example).
Envision (US English) = (verb with object) (US English) envisage (UK English – mentioned above) Imagine as a future possibility; visualize; e.g., She envisioned the admiring glances of guests seeing her home.// e.g., To envision the future, one must learn from the past to create a new tomorrow.// e.g., ‘I envision a time in the future when we are put in the way of mutual danger.// e.g., It is difficult to envision a plan for the future without visiting moments from the past.
Contemplate (pronounced ˈkɒn.təm.pleɪt) (beware of the pronunciation) = (verb with object) Look thoughtfully for a long time at; e.g., He contemplated his image in the mirrors.// e.g., We contemplate the photographic image, how it is a site of loss and remembrance, the life preserved in it an ironic reminder of death.// e.g., Elvis let his left-hand slide away from the computer terminal as he spoke, thoughtfully contemplating the carpeted floor for a moment./// Think about; e.g., He has also resigned from that candidacy to contemplate his future options.// e.g., Five years ago, John was contemplating his future as a musician.// e.g., He began contemplating a political race before his 16-year-old son died in a 1996 car crash./// (verb; no object) Think deeply and at length; e.g., He sat morosely ((adverb) = in a very unhappy or annoyed way (*)) contemplating.// e.g., ‘It’s at times like these when I sit and contemplate and plot.’ // e.g., He pulled into the parking lot and just sat there, contemplating./// Have in view as a probable intention; e.g., He was contemplating an action for damages.// e.g., A similar project was being contemplated in the Kingston area, but that was in the early stages at the moment.// e.g., ‘I pulled the plug from the socket quick as quick and contemplated the damage.’
Paternalism = (noun) the practice of controlling esp. employees or citizens in a way that is similar to that of a father controlling his children, by giving them what is beneficial but not allowing them responsibility or freedom of choice; e.g., This is not to say that paternalism will never be justified.// e.g., Freedom seems a good thing when the path is clear, but if the road gets rocky, paternalism and collective mechanisms are preferred./// Paternalistic (adjective); e.g., A paternalistic employer (*).
Carnal (pronounced ˈkɑːn(ə)l) = (adjective) Relating to physical, especially sexual, needs and activities; e.g., Carnal desire.// e.g., In these works, the wolf-man emerges as a kind of romantic anti-hero, torn between social mores and carnal desire.// e.g., ‘I wish they would spend time making the characters as real as their carnal activities.’ // e.g., ‘It’s carnal need, which, by coincidence, is an important part of the expression of love.’
Carnage (pronounced ˈkɑː.nɪdʒ) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (mass noun) the killing of a vast number of people; slaughter; e.g., The bombing was timed to cause as much carnage as possible.// e.g., Hundreds of thousands of British soldiers died in the terrible carnage of the Second World War (WW2/ WWII).// e.g., In 2017, the new US president in his first address (= speech) to the nation said that the carnage must stop.
Jerkin (pronounced ˈdʒəːkɪn) (My comment: not related to ‘jerk’!) = (noun) A sleeveless jacket./// (medieval garment) (historical) A man’s close-fitting jacket, typically made of leather. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Dudleyportrait.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Picture_of_jerkin.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Martin_Frobisher_by_Ketel.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/WalterRaleighandson.jpg // e.g., ‘A sleeveless, quilted jerkin might be all you need for extra warmth.’
Tabard (pronounced ˈtæb.ɑːd) = (noun) (medieval garment) a sleeveless jerkin consisting only of front and back pieces with a hole for the head. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Thomas_Hawley_Clarenceux_King_of_Arms.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Pompa_funebris_Albert_Ardux_-_Heravlts_de_Flandria.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pursuivant_tabard.jpg // e.g., He was wearing boots, blue trousers, and a distinctive fluorescent sleeveless tabard.
Surcoat (pronounced ˈsəːkəʊt) = (noun) (medieval garment) (historical) A loose robe worn over armor. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Istvan-ChroniconPictum.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Anne_Beaujeu.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/MariaofBrabantMarriage.jpg // e.g., The priests were decked out in gray robes and surcoats which were decorated with old runes (rune = a letter of an ancient Germanic alphabet, related to the Roman alphabet)./// A sleeveless garment worn as part of the insignia of an order of knighthood./// An outer coat of rich material.
Standing order (vs.) Direct Debit
Standing order = (UK English) (banking) an instruction to a bank to pay a particular amount of money at regular times from a person's bank account to another bank account; e.g., ‘The bank agreed I could pay by standing order.’ // Set up a standing order from something to something; e.g., One of the secrets of successful saving is to set up a standing order from your current account to a deposit account./// (commerce) an arrangement by which a person or a company regularly sends an agreed quantity of goods to a customer or performs agreed services for a customer without the customer having to place an order each time; e.g., They have a standing order every September to supply 100 uniforms for a local industry./// (meetings) rules that say how an organization or a company should organize its meetings; e.g., The chairman claimed that any action he had taken was in keeping with the standing orders of a council meeting (*).
Direct debit = (banking) an instruction to your bank to allow someone else to take money from your account, usually as part of a regular arrangement; e.g., Many utility and service companies will allow you to authorize a direct debit from your checking account for the amount due each month.// e.g., ‘I pay my electricity bill by direct debit.’ /// Set up/ cancel a direct debit; e.g., ‘Don’t forget to cancel the direct debit if you want to stop subscribing to the site’ (*).
Bath (vs.) bathe
Bath = (noun) an act or process of immersing and washing one’s body in a large container of water; e.g., ‘I took a long, hot bath.’ /// (verb) Wash someone while immersing him or her in a container of water; e.g., How to bath a baby.
Bathe (pronounced beɪð) (beware of the pronunciation!) = (verb with object) Wash by immersing one's body in water; e.g., He was advised to bathe or shower daily.// e.g., People used the same water to bathe, wash their cows and drink./// (verb with object) Soak or wipe gently with liquid to clean or soothe; e.g., ‘Use cotton wool, or a pad for removing make-up, to soak up this mix and gently bathe the eyes.’ // e.g., She bathed and bandaged my knee./// (verb with object) (US English) Wash someone in a bath; e.g., They bathed the baby./// (UK English) Swim or spend time in the sea or a lake, river, or pool for pleasure; e.g., Both men and donkeys stepped into the cool waters of the river, bathed and then spent some time under the green shady trees.// e.g., They bathe in a nearby river and then leave again./// (verb with object) Suffuse or envelop in something; e.g., She was immediately bathed in a pool of white light.// e.g., Night has fallen and the moon bathes him in a silvery glow./// (singular noun) (UK English) An act or spell of swimming or spending time in the water; e.g., A bathe in the cold North Sea.’ // e.g., Seawater is believed to have healthful benefits, and many British Virgin Islanders start their morning with a ‘sea bathe.’
Surplus (pronounced ˈsəːpləs) = (adjective) An amount that is more than is needed; e.g., The world is now producing large food surpluses.// e.g., The store is selling off stock that is surplus to requirements (UK English).// e.g., The government has authorized the army to sell its surplus weapons /// The amount of money you have left when you sell more than you buy or spend less than you own; e.g. A budget/ trade surplus.// e.g., The company’s bank account is currently in surplus.// e.g., A surplus of corn has helped depress the grain market (*).
GDP (abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product) = the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year; e.g., If the GDP continues to shrink, the country will be in a recession (^^).
Slip (related to paper) = (noun) a small piece of paper; e.g. A slip of paper.// e.g. ‘If you want to order a book fill in the green slip.’ (^^).// e.g., My monthly salary slip.// e.g., ‘Please, complete the tear-off slip below.’
Misgiving = (noun) a feeling of doubt or worry about a future event; qualm; e.g., Many teachers expressed serious misgivings about the new exams.// e.g., ‘My only misgiving is that we might have not enough time to do the job properly (^^) e.g., ‘We have misgivings about the way the campaign is being run.’// (mass noun) e.g., ‘I felt a sense of misgiving at the prospect of retirement.’
Price (vs.) Prize
Price = (noun) the amount of money for which something is sold; e.g. The oil price has risen sharply.// e.g. The supermarkets are offering big price cuts (^^).
Prize = (noun) Something valuable, such as an amount of money, that is given to someone who succeeds in a competition or game, or that is given to someone as a reward for doing very good work; e.g., ‘I won a prize in the ruffle.’// e.g., Nobel prize.// e.g., The critics’ prize for best film was won by Marc Abbott for ‘Belly Laugh’(^^).
Hand (vs.) Handle (as verbs)
Handle (as a verb) = (verb) deal with, touch, operate, sell)
Hand (as a verb) = (verb) to put something into someone’s from your own hand; e.g., The waiter smiled politely at me as he handed me my bill/ handed my bill to me./// e.g., ‘Please read this memo carefully and hand it on/ to your colleagues’ (^^).
Insulation (vs.) Isolation
Insulation = (noun) the act of covering something to stop heat, sound or electricity from entering or escaping, or the fact that something is covered this way (^^^); e.g., Keep your home warmer through insulation.
Insulator = (noun) material or covering so that electricity, sound, or heat cannot go through (*); e.g., A series of electrodes separated by insulators (electricity).// e.g., Cotton is a poor insulator (heat or sound)./// A block of glass, ceramic, or other insulating material enclosing a wire carrying an electric current where it crosses a support.
Isolation = (mass noun) The process or fact of isolating or being isolated; e.g., The isolation of older people.// e.g., Isolation from family and friends may also contribute to anxiety./// (as modifier) Denoting a hospital or ward for patients with contagious or infectious diseases; e.g., This one would need her to be hospitalized in an isolation ward for a few weeks./// (countable noun) An instance of isolating something, especially a compound or microorganism; e.g., Gastric (= stomach) lavage sample was taken for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the pathogenic bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB)). (My comment: it’s insufficient as a method! A chest X-ray (CXR) and multiple sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are typically part of the initial evaluation. A definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is made by identifying M. tuberculosis in a clinical sample (e.g., sputum, pus, blood, or a tissue biopsy (*). Over the last years, PCR and Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used diagnostically).
Upkeep = (noun) the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition; maintenance (pronounced ˈmeɪn.tən.əns ); e.g., Council employees are responsible for the upkeep of the gardens.// e.g., The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive.// e.g., Farepayers paid $5 billion for the upkeep of the rail network last year (*).// e.g., We will be responsible for the upkeep of the access road./// Financial or material support of a person or animal; e.g., Payments for the children's upkeep.// e.g., In either case, partners buy an interest in a horse and share in the animal's upkeep.
Aforementioned or aforesaid = (adjective; before a noun) mentioned earlier; foregoing; e.g., The aforementioned Mr. Jones that entered the cinema (^^).// e.g., Songs from the aforementioned album.// e.g., All of the aforementioned public representatives present addressed the meeting.
UK (vs.) US English
Ancestor (pronounced: UK English: ˈæn.ses.tər /// US English: ˈæn.ses.tɚ )
Adult (pronounced: UK English: ˈæd.ʌlt /əˈdʌlt /// US English: ˈæd.ʌlt/ əˈdʌlt)
Vitamin (pronounced: UK English: ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn /// US English: ˈvaɪ.t̬əmɪn)
Dynasty (pronounced: UK English: ˈdɪn.ə.sti /// US English: ˈdaɪ.nə.sti)
Zebra (pronounced: UK English: ˈzeb.rə/// US English: ˈziː.brə)
Tomato (pronounced: UK English: təˈmɑː.təʊ /// US English: təˈmeɪ.t̬oʊ)
Aunt (relative) pronounced: UK English: ɑːnt /// US English: ænt)
Ant (insect) (pronounced: UK English: ænt /// US English: ænt (the same with aunt!))
Trauma (pronounced: UK English: ˈtrɔː.mə or ˈtraʊ.mə /// US English: ˈtrɑː.mə)
Harass (pronounced: UK English: ˈhær.əs or həˈræs /// US English: həˈræs or ˈher.əs) - harassment (pronounced: UK English: ˈhær.əs.mənt or həˈræs.mənt //// US English: həˈræs.mənt)
Pedophile (or paedophile) (pronounced: UK English: ˈpiː.də.faɪl /// US English: ˈped.oʊ.faɪl) (not ‘pedophilic’, as it doesn’t exist as an adjective))
Address (pronounced: UK English: əˈdres /// US English: əˈdres)
Debris (pronounced: UK English: ˈdeb.riː or ˈdeɪ.briː //// US English: dəˈbriː)
Garage (pronounced: UK English: ˈɡær.ɑːʒ (or ˈɡær.ɪdʒ) /// US English: ɡəˈrɑːʒ)
Aluminum (pronounced əˈlu·mə·nəm in North American English) that is aluminium (pronounced ˌæl.jəˈmɪn.i.əm) in British English
Employee (pronounced ɪmˈplɔɪ.iː or ˌem.plɔɪˈiː in British English and ɪmˈplɔɪ.iː or ˌem.plɔɪˈiː in North American English)
Ballet (pronounced ˈbæl.eɪ in British English and bælˈeɪ in North American English)
Buffet = (meal) (pronounced ˈbʊf.eɪ in British English and bəˈfeɪ in North American English)
Process (in British English it is pronounced ˈprəʊsɛs both as a noun (e.g., The peace process (^^^)) and a verb (e.g., VISAS applications take 28 days to process)). However, in North American English, the verb is pronounced ˈprəʊsɛs. However, as a verb with the meaning of walking slowly it is pronounced prəˈsɛs (e.g., ‘I watched them process down the aisle (= a passage between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theater, an airplane, or a train; pronounced aɪl)’ (^^^)).
Intimidate vs. Intimate
Intimidate = (verb) to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do; e.g., He tries to intimidate his rivals.// e.g., With the military exercise in Belarus, Russia tries to intimidate the citizens there (from the media).
Intimate = (adjective) having, or being likely to cause, very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship; e.g. Intimate relationship.// e.g., He’s become very intimate with an actress.// The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere./// (of knowledge or understanding) detailed and obtained from a lot of studying or experience; e.g., He has an intimate knowledge of Toronto, where he has lived for 20 years./// (noun) A friend you know very well; e.g., Intimates of the star say that he has been upset by the personal attacks on him that have appeared in the press recently./// (transitive verb) To make clear what you think or want without saying it directly; e.g., (+ (that) He has intimated that he will resign if he loses the vote (*).
Intimately (pronounced ˈɪn.tɪ.mət.li) = (adverb) In a way that involves detailed knowledge; e.g., Everyone intimately knew what was going on.// (as submodifier) e.g., ‘He is intimately familiar with his work.’ // e.g., In Sri Lanka, he consulted the genius of a place whose climate and culture he knew intimately./// In a way that involves a close link or relationship; e.g., Themes of love and death were intimately connected.// e.g., Specialists had made significant progress in documenting Algeria’s Roman heritage, a process intimately bound up with French imperial ambitions.// e.g., These stories tell the essential narratives of our lives, and they are intimately linked with art./// In a private and personal way; e.g., The pair laughed and talked intimately.// e.g., ‘I loved the man, I got to know him intimately.’// e.g., ‘I look admiringly at the strangely worked beauty of his art while the two men talk intimately together.’ /// (euphemistic) In a sexual way; e.g., A fear of being touched intimately.// e.g., She inevitably asked me if I had become intimately involved with anyone.// e.g., Apparently, he noticed a young man intimately teasing his wife.
Champagne is a sparkling wine. For sparkling wine See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Moet_and_glass.jpg For champagne See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/French_champagne_nm.jpg
Quran = is also known as Qur'an or Koran. For the Holy Quran (also called ‘Holy Book’ in Islam) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Opened_Qur%27an.jpg and http://www.nooresunnat.com/Books/Mufti%20Taqi%20Usmani/Asan%20Tarjuma%20e%20Quran/asaan%20tarjuma%20e%20quran-mufti%20taqi%20usmani.jpg // For Quran verses See https://i.pinimg.com/736x/e7/53/62/e75362d244a8d11216f03c43da080ab1--islamic-teachings-islamic-qoutes.jpg // e.g., She recited (recite = repeat aloud or declaim a poem or passage from memory before an audience) a verse (= writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme) from the Koran ((*) for this example).
Opt for/ to = (verb; no object) make a choice from a range of possibilities; e.g., Consumers will opt for low-priced goods.// e.g., Mary opted for a piece of caramelized apple tart and my choice was cheesecake./// (+ infinitive) e.g., Students opting to continue with physics.// e.g., The judge opts to decide later on what to do about the infuriating man.
Opt out = (phrasal verb) choose not to participate in or carry on with something; e.g., They had both opted out of the medical plan.// e.g., Some participants opted out of the riverside walk and used coaches to reach the Minster.// e.g., Within any society, there will usually be people who decide to opt out (= choose not to live the way most people do).// e.g., Employees can choose to opt out of the pension scheme ((**) for the last 2 examples).
Rejoice at = (verb; no object) feel or show great joy or delight; e.g., ‘We spent the evening rejoicing at our victory.’// e.g., He quickly set her down as soon as she was done rejoicing at his presence.
Stand for/ up/ up for/ up to
Stand for = (phrasal verb) be an abbreviation of or symbol for; e.g., NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.// e.g., EU stands for European Union.// e.g., He also showed me which Arabic symbol stood for Allah, and which stood for Mohammad.//// (informal with negative) Refuse to endure (= suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently) or tolerate; e.g., ‘I won't stand for any nonsense.’ // e.g., It’s getting to the point where hunt supporters won’t stand for it./// Support a cause or principle; e.g., ‘We stand for animal welfare.’ // e.g., If parties need cash, let them go out and convince people that they stand for something worth supporting.
Stand up = (phrasal verb) (of an argument, claim, evidence, etc.) remain valid after close scrutiny or analysis; e.g., ‘You need to have hard evidence that will stand up in court.’ // e.g., The argument does not stand up to analysis.
Stand up for = (phrasal verb) speak or act in support of; e.g., She learned to stand up for herself.// e.g., The larger man began pushing the smaller man, who seemed hesitant to stand up for himself.//// Act as best man for in a wedding; e.g., ‘I must confess it was with real surprise that they asked me to stand up for them like this.’ // e.g., ‘After being asked to stand up for your brother or best friend, you may feel you need a best man guide to help you.’
Stand up to = (phrasal verb) make a spirited defense against; e.g., Giving workers the confidence to stand up to their employers.// e.g., Covertly (= secretly), then with more confidence, he stands up to the school bully.//// Be resistant to the harmful effects of prolonged wear (= to become weaker, damaged, or thinner because of continuous use; pronounced weə(r)) or use; e.g., ''I don’t really think his legs would stand up to any more racing.'' // e.g., Cotton can also be ironed at relatively high temperatures, stands up to abrasion and wears well.
Fond (of) = (adjective) predicative) having affection or liking for; e.g., Mary is very fond of George.// e.g., He was not too fond of dancing./// (attributive) Affectionate; loving; e.g., Waving a fond farewell (= an act of parting or of marking someone’s departure) to her parents.// e.g., Reading it brought many fond memories of our childhood./// (attributive) (of hope or belief) foolishly optimistic; naïve; e.g., In vain, after these things, may we indulge (= allow someone to enjoy something desired) the fond hope of peace and reconciliation.// e.g., ‘I tell the previous National speaker that it is a fond hope that it is a full and final settlement.’
Insist on = (verb; no object) demand forcefully to have something; e.g., He insisted on answers to his allegations.’ // e.g., In fact, it is seen as an act of idiocy if a filmmaker insists on having all of them present to get a ‘good effect.’ //// Persist in doing something; e.g., Despite his business commitments, Ross insists on milking his 40 cows at least once per day./// The press insists on telling us how many soldiers have died since May 1st.
Conform = (verb; no object) Conform to/ with something = comply with rules, standards, or laws; e.g., The kitchen does not conform to hygiene (= conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness; pronounced ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/) regulations.// e.g., Because such publications do not conform to any standardized rules, this information is not computer readable.// e.g., The changes were introduced to conform with international classifications.// e.g., If our practices and doctrines do not conform with the teachings of the Scriptures then we must eliminate them.// e.g., The usual excuse is that it does not conform with the European law./// (of a person) behave according to socially acceptable conventions or standards; e.g., ‘I could never conform to what other people wanted me to be for the sake of fitting in.’ // e.g., There’s an increasing passion to make men conform to a male pattern.//// Be similar in form or type; agree; e.g., The countryside should conform to a certain idea of the picturesque (= visually attractive, especially in a quaint or pretty style).// e.g., They will not conform to the academic worldview or the organizational development paradigm (= a typical example or pattern of something; a model; pronounced ˈpær.ə.daɪm).
Conversely = (adverb) introducing a statement or idea which reverses one that has just been made or referred to; e.g., And conversely, to drive unpredictably is to drive dangerously.// e.g., This conversely means that hundreds of events never even register in awareness.// e.g., The same is true with salty food, just as, conversely, the less sugar or salt we eat, the more sensitive we become to their presence.
Exactitude (pronounced ɪɡˈzaktɪtjuːd or ɛɡˈzaktɪtjuːd) = (mass noun) The quality of being precise or accurate; e.g., It is not possible to say with any scientific exactitude what a dream means./// Care and attention to detail; e.g., She writes with exactitude and precision.
Plateau (mnemonic trick: e-a-u) (apart from a noun, it is also a verb!) (plural = plateaux (or plateaus in North American English)) = (noun) an area of relatively level high ground; e.g., Terrain is hilly, undulating (= having a smoothly rising and falling form or outline) with wide valleys and plateaux (or plateaus in North American English) (**)./// A state of little or no change following a period of activity or progress; e.g., The peace process had reached a plateau./// (verb) reach a state of little or no change after a time of activity or progress; e.g., The industry’s problems have plateaued out.
Cigarette (vs.) Cigar
Cigarette = a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Cigarette_DS.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Cigarette_diagram.svg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Marlboro4wiki2.JPG
Cigar = a cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Four_cigars.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Cigar_Wrapper_Color_Chart.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Short_filler_cigar_Balmoral_sumatra.jpg
Assemblage (pronounced əˈsem.blɪdʒ) (the verb is ‘assemble,’ and means gather or join; pronounced əˈsem.b(ə)l) = (noun) collection of things/ group of people/ animals; e.g. A varied assemblage of birds was probing (probe = to search into or examine something (**)) the mud for food (^^).// e.g., On the other hand, the majority of fossil vertebrate assemblages accumulate over many temporal scales from days to millennia.// e.g., The presence of a diverse assemblage has been suspected on the basis of disarticulated remains preserved in such localities.// e.g., A loose assemblage of diverse groups./// A machine or object made of pieces fitted together; e.g., Some vast assemblage of gears and cogs.// e.g., These conditions are automatically satisfied through the element assemblage process.// e.g., ‘I once wished to make an assemblage of gears that would make a mechanical human!’/// A work of art made by grouping together found or unrelated objects; e.g., A large statue or an assemblage of stones also can be used as a substitute.// e.g., It’s a rare assemblage and collection of paintings.// e.g., It includes approximately 100 collages (collage = a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric onto a backing; pronounced ˈkɒl.ɑːʒ), assemblages, paintings, drawings, and magazine covers./// (mass noun) The action of gathering or fitting things together; e.g., The assemblage of electronic image and text databases.// e.g., This outstanding collection is the result of the assemblage of important private collections including the contents of Emo House, County Laois and Ivy Hall, County Tipperary.
Assembly = (noun) a group of people that meets regularly for a particular purpose.// Synonyms: gathering, meeting.// e.g. The UN (united nations) assembly.// e.g. The Welsh assembly (^^) e.g., An assembly of scholars and poets.// e.g., An assembly of dockers and laborers.// The action of gathering together as a group for a common purpose; e.g., A decree (= an official order issued by a legal authority) guaranteeing freedom of assembly.// e.g., Police released them later and told them to present themselves on Thursday to see whether they will be charged in court or not for holding illegal assembly.// e.g., The First Amendment (= an article added to the US Constitution) guarantees free speech and assembly, not freedom from government attendance at public meetings.// The regular gathering of the teachers and pupils of a school at the start or end of the day; e.g., He was told off for talking in assembly.// e.g., The Senior High School had morning assembly in the Hall and the third-formers went to the school Gym.// e.g., ‘I regularly stood up in assembly and told the headmaster (= a person who is the leader of a private school) he was wrong.’ //// (usually) the assembly = (historical) A signal for troops to assemble, given by drum or bugle (= a brass instrument like a small trumpet, typically without valves or keys and used for military signals; pronounced ˈbjuː.ɡ(ə)l). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWKlGPLVQ6c // e.g., NATO troops surrounded the assembly to ensure a ‘peaceful transition.’/// (mass noun, often as modifier) The action of fitting together the parts of a machine or other object; e.g., A car assembly plant (= a place where an industrial or manufacturing process takes place).// e.g., Thailand hosts assembly operations for foreign car manufacturers.// e.g., The assembly plant has a production capacity of 90 cars per shift./// (countable noun) A unit consisting of components that have been fitted together; e.g., The tail assembly of the aircraft.// e.g., More critical are the joints that hold together brakes, steering assemblies, engines and all the expensive and functional parts of the vehicle./// (mass noun, usually as modifier) (Computing) The conversion of instructions in low-level code to machine code; e.g., Finding the length of a string in Pascal (= a high-level structured computer programming language used for teaching and general programming) is one assembly instruction instead of a whole loop.
Capsize (Mnemonic trick: cap + size) = (verb) (for a boat or ship) turn upside down by accident while on water (^^); e.g., India: five people die after boat capsizes (from the BBC).// e.g., The craft (= a boat or ship) capsized in heavy seas.// e.g., A huge wave capsized the yacht.// e.g., When the boat capsized we were trapped underneath it./// (noun) an instance of capsizing.
Trauma (pronounced ˈtrɔː.mə // ˈtraʊ.mə in British English and ˈtrɑː.mə in North American English) = (mass noun) (medicine) Physical injury; e.g., The rupture of the diaphragm was caused by blunt trauma.// e.g., The Las Vegas shooting victims were transferred (not ‘transported’) to trauma units (from the media)./// A deeply distressing or disturbing experience; e.g., A personal trauma like the death of a child./// (mass noun) e.g., Many experience the trauma of divorce./// (mass noun) Emotional shock following a stressful event or a physical injury, which may lead to long-term neurosis; e.g., The event is relived with all the accompanying trauma.
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