Grammar at a glance!
(My comment: Many people, even native speakers,
make trivial mistakes!)
Grammar TIPS
Always
Always can go with many tenses.
It usually goes with present simple:
e.g., ‘I always celebrate my birthday with a
party.’
e.g., ‘My sister has (has here is a verb
and means possess) always a shoulder which (not
‘where’) I can lean on.’
We may also use it with present continuous for an annoying habit: e.g., ‘You are always shouting!’
Always may also go with present perfect simple:
e.g., There has always been (been is p.p. of ‘be’) roguery (1) associated with horse dealing.
e.g., I have always preferred reading prose (2) to poetry (^^).
(1) roguery = conduct
characteristic of a rogue, especially acts of dishonesty or playful mischief (=
playful misbehavior or troublemaking)
(2) prose = written or spoken
language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.
Always may also go with past simple:
e.g., He was always so nice to us.
e.g., My parents always believed that children must be
listened to, so our relationship was always good (not ‘always was good’)
Always may also go with simple future:
e.g., ‘I will always love you.’
Used to
Used to goes with a full
infinitive (to-infinitive) when it refers to a completed activity in the
past:
e.g., ''When I was younger, I used to celebrate my birthday with a
party. Now I just hang out with friends.''
e.g., ''I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.''
Be/get used to + gerund/ noun
e.g., I am used to working late.
Get used to = I am gradually used to/ to become familiar with something or someone (*)
e.g., I got used to working late
Ago
Ago goes with past simple:
e.g., ‘I holidayed in the UK 5 years ago, both for work and leisure.’
e.g., Three years ago, her parents moved to a new house.
How long/ How long ago
How long goes with present perfect simple
or continuous:
e.g., How
long have
you been (been is p.p. of ‘be’)
in the UK?
e.g., How
long have
you been knowing each other?
However, ‘how
long ago’ goes with simple past:
e.g., How
long ago did you book the room?
For/since
For/since go with present/past perfect:
e.g., ‘I wish to travel again to the UK, but I have
been (not ‘had been’) short of money since my last visit there.’
e.g., She paid tribute to her tutors at Footsteps, where she has trained for seven years.
TENSES
Present Simple
For an action that is repeated as a habit in the present.
With adverbs of frequency such as always, sometimes, ever, never, often, seldom, and rarely. They show how often the action occurs
e.g., I always celebrate my birthday with a
party.
e.g., ‘My sister has always a shoulder which (not ‘where’) I can lean on.’
Asking and answering
the question ‘How often’:
e.g., ‘How often do they visit you?’
e.g., ‘I often go to bed after
dinner.'
Scheduled events:
e.g., ‘My flight leaves tomorrow at 2 pm.’
To tell a general
truth:
e.g., ''The moon goes around the earth''
Permanent situation or
occupation in the present:
e.g., She works as a waitress.
e.g., He lives in Madrid.
For broadcasting (it gives a ‘live’ description) and live game description
(such as football):
e.g., ‘The robber dashes into the hotel and orders everyone to raise their hands. Then he puts the stolen money in a bag and runs outside...’
e.g. Ronaldo passes to Smith, he shoots, and he scores!
e.g., The ball hits the net, and he loses the point.
Present Continuous (present + -ing)
For an action that
happens right now. We may refer to or not the time:
e.g., Mary is laying on the table (now).
e.g., ‘Are you still sleeping, John?’
For a temporary
action that occurs during the same period but not necessarily the time we talk:
e.g., They are working very hard at the hotel these
days.
With ‘always,' ‘repeatedly,’ etc., for unhappy or annoying actions that are repeated in the
present:
e.g., She is always talking about other people.
e.g., ‘You are always shouting
With a future meaning
with verbs that express moving somewhere
(e.g., go, come, drive, fly, arrive, leave, start, have) for an
action that is scheduled for the near future. Here we must refer to the
time. Otherwise, the time is ‘now.’
e.g., ''The mayor is having dinner at the hotel tomorrow night.''
Present continuous is NOT
used with non-continuous verbs
(See below (*)), i.e., verbs that deliberate (= intentional) action
is needed, usually without being visible or perceptible by the others. These
verbs express a permanent situation, feelings, or sense, e.g., Admire, believe,
dislike, it feels like, forget, hate, hear, hope, know, like, love, mean, mind,
meet, notice, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, see, it smells like, it
sounds, suppose, it tastes, think, trust, understand, want, wish. They may also refer to a permanent situation, e.g., appear, be, belong to,
consist of, contain, it costs, it depends on, fit, happen, have, look like,
owe, possess, remain, seem, resemble.
Sense verbs such as
‘see.' ‘hear’ and ‘smell’ are non-continuous verbs and DO NOT go with
present continuous, but we use the verb ‘can’:
e.g. ‘I can’t see
you!’
e.g., ‘I can hear you.’
But if the action is deliberate (= intentional), then we use the words ‘watch’ or ‘look’ (instead of ‘see) and
‘hear’ (instead of ‘listen’):
e.g., ‘Can’t you see
I am watching TV?’
e.g., ‘I am listening to the news.’
e.g., I am looking but can’t see
the plane!’
Present simple: See.//
Present continuous: Watching or looking
Present simple: Hear.// Present continuous: Listening
Simple Past
An action that
happened once in the past at a particular time. We always need to
refer to TIME! To specify the time, we may use the words: yesterday, last week, just now, just then, on + day (e.g., on Sunday), two days ago, in + month (e.g., June),
in + date (e.g., in 2018), at + time (e.g., at 2 pm), how long
ago, when + clause.
e.g., She lost
her cat last year.
e.g., ‘I had tea when
I woke up’ (when + clause).
e.g., He found a
job three weeks ago.’
‘Ago’ goes with past simple:
e.g., ‘I holidayed in the UK 5 years ago for work and leisure.’
e.g., Three
years ago, her
parents moved to a
new house.
For alternating
actions that happened in the past, one after the other
e.g., She walked to the nearest
telephone, picked up the receiver, and dialed the number.
With adverbs of
frequency: always, never, often,
usually, sometimes, rarely, etc., for an action
repeated as a habit in the past. It can also be expressed with ‘used to + infinitive’:
e.g., ‘When I was a
child, I (always) ate a good breakfast every morning.’
e.g., He was always so nice to us.
e.g., My parents always believed that children must be
listened to, so our relationship was always good (not ‘always was
good’)
Note: when the past simple refers to a past habit, then we need
to refer to the time:
e.g., ‘When I was a
child, I ate bacon and eggs in the morning for breakfast.’
‘How long ago’
goes with simple past:
e.g., How long ago did you book the room?
But ‘How long’ (without ago) goes with present perfect simple or continuous:
e.g., How long have you been (been is p.p. of ‘be’)
in the UK?
e.g., How long have you been knowing each other?
''How long'' can also be used with
simple past, but referring to the past:
e.g., ‘How long did he work as a waiter?’
Spelling difficulties
on past simple: Drop – dropped;
prefer – preferred; travel – travelled (but 'traveled' in North American English); panic –
panicked (exception from the rule); quote – quoted.
Spelling rules:
We double a single
consonant letter at the end of any base where the preceding vowel is spelled
with a single letter and stressed: e.g., bar – barred, beg – begged,
occur – occurred, permit – permitted,
patrol – patrolled; refer – referring/
referred; omit – omitting/ omitted; equip
– equipping/ equipped
Usually, there is ΝΟ doubling when the
preceding vowel is unstressed (e.g., enter – entered; visit
–visited; prohibit –prohibited) or when the preceding vowel is written with two letters (e.g., dread
– dreaded); cool –cooled.
‘Benefit’
follows the standard rules and becomes ‘benefited’ because there is
usually no doubling when the preceding vowel is unstressed.
For
''tie'' we have: tied in past simple and p.p. and tying
in present continuous
For ''require''
we have: –required in past simple
Words that change
their spelling to cope (they add a letter ‘k’): panic – panicking/ panicked; traffic –trafficked; frolic (1) – frolicked; bivouac (2) –bivouacked
((1) frolic = (of an animal or person) play and move about cheerfully, excitedly, or energetically. (2) Bivouac = stay in a temporary camp without cover.
Difference between North American and British English: parallel
–parallelled (UK English)// paralleled (US English); travel
– travelled (UK English)// traveled (US English).
Past Continuous (past +ing)
For an action that
happened continuously at a given moment in the past. We do NOT know and don’t
care when the action started and finished:
e.g., It was 9 pm. I was
writing an email.
But when we specify the time, we use past simple: At 9 pm, I wrote (= started writing) some emails.
For 2 or more actions
that occurred at the same time in the past. We usually use ‘while’:
e.g., John was watching TV while James was reading his newspaper.’
For an action that
started and was ongoing in the past or before another action. The 2nd
action that may have been interrupted permanently or temporarily the 1staction
is expressed with a simple past:
e.g., She was lying on the beach when it started raining.
To show something
continued for some time
e.g., My belly was aching (pronounced ˈeɪkɪŋ)
e.g., Everyone was
screaming.
For something that
happened repeatedly
e.g., My parents were
always arguing.
With verbs that show
change or growth
e.g., Nowadays,
children are growing up fast.
e.g., My English
language skills were improving.
We do NOT normally use
the past continuous with stative (*) verbs, but we
use the past simple instead
e.g., When I got home, I
really needed (not was needing) to go to sleep/ to fall asleep.
(*) Stative (of a verb)
= expressing a state or condition rather than an activity or event, such
as 'be' or 'know,' as opposed to 'run'
To describe the
background before the narration of a story in simple past:
e.g., ‘I was driving in the country last Sunday morning.
The sun was shining, the radio was playing my favorite song, and
I was singing…’
Present Perfect Simple (have)
For an action that
started in the past and continues in the future. It is used with ‘for,'
‘since’, always,' ‘All my life,' and ‘How long.’:
e.g., ‘I have known him for eight years.’
e.g., There has always been (been is p.p. of ‘be’) roguery (1) associated with horse dealing.
e.g., I have always preferred reading prose (2) to poetry (^^)
(1) roguery = conduct characteristic of a rogue, especially
acts of dishonesty or playful mischief (= playful misbehavior or troublemaking)
(2) prose = written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical
structure.
‘For’ and ‘Since’ go with present and
past perfect:
e.g., ‘I wish to travel
again to the UK, but I have been (not ‘had been’) short of money since my last visit there.’
e.g., ‘I have known him for eight years.’
e.g., ‘I haven’t played tennis for years.’ ((^^^) for the last example).
We use present perfect
with time words such as since, for, how long,
always, never, ever, today, this week/ month/ year, yet, already, just,
recently, and lately.
Note: ‘How long,’ as mentioned above, goes with present perfect simple:
e.g., ‘How long have you been waiting here?’ /
e.g., ‘How long have you been (been is p.p. of ‘be’) in the UK?’
e.g., ‘How long have you been knowing each other?
How long can also
be used with simple past, but referring to the past
e.g., ‘How long did he work as a
waiter?’
But ‘How long ago’ always goes with simple past:
e.g., ‘How long ago did you book
your room?’
Present perfect simple
refers to ‘then and now,' connecting the past with the present:
e.g., Peter has been in the kitchen since 10 am (he was at 10 am and still is). [But we say ‘Peter is
in the kitchen (now)].
The phrase ‘have to do something’ can be expressed with a negative
present perfect (haven't):
e.g., ‘I haven’t
slept for two days.’
For an action that
happened and finished in a period that has ended. We use it with ‘today,' ‘this week/
month/ year,’ ‘this morning/afternoon’:
e.g., He has lost the keys twice this month.
With ‘just,' ‘recently,' and ‘lately’ for an action that finished recently:
e.g., He has just broken another plate.
e.g., Anyone and everyone who has spoken to the Prime Minister lately can have no doubt as to the ambition.
e.g., She has broken a lot of plates recently.
With the adverbs ‘yet’ and ‘already.'
‘Yet’ goes with
a question and negative clause
e.g., ‘Have you finished yet?’ (question) ‘No,
I haven’t finished yet.’ (negative)
‘Already’ goes with a question and affirmative clause
e.g., Have you studied already?’ (question) ‘Yes, I
have already studied/ studied already.’ (affirmative)
For an action that
started and was completed in the past at a time that is not specified, i.e., we do NOT know when it occurred, and we don’t care for
it. However, the results of the action are still visible in the present.
We may use the adverbs ‘never’ and ‘ever’:
e.g., Jim has broken
his arm (But we use past simple when we specify the time: ‘Jim broke his arm last
week’).
e.g., ‘Have you ever eaten frog’s legs?’
e.g., She has never swum in seawater.
Have been/ gone to = I have been/gone
somewhere, and I have returned, i.e., I have visited a place:
e.g., Anna has been
to the bank twice today.
e.g., Jamie has gone
to Naples.
Have been in/at: = I have been somewhere,
and I have NOT returned
e.g. Nick has been in Spain for two weeks (he
is in Spain 2 weeks now)
Present Perfect Continuous (have + -ing)
The present perfect continuous is formed using has/have + been + present participle.
It is used for an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has just finished. We use it with ‘since,' ‘for,’ and ‘how long.’ The action is continuous, without interruptions:
e.g., ‘How long have you been studying English?’ ‘I have been studying English
for six years.’
For an action that
happened continuously in the past, the results of which are visible or
affect the present:
e.g., ‘Why are you wet? (now)’ Have you been jogging in the rain again?’
We can also use the present perfect continuous WITHOUT a duration. Then, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.
e.g., Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
e.g., Have you been doing anything interesting lately?
e.g., I haven't been feeling so well lately.
To express indignation (1), wrath (2), annoyance, surprise, or explanation:
e.g., ‘Who has been
smoking my cigars?’ (indignation).
e.g., ‘He has been
using my towel again’ (annoyance)
e.g., ‘What have you
been doing here?’ (surprise).
e.g., ‘I’ve been
trying on all your dresses, Mom’ (explanation).
(1) Indignation = anger
or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.
(2) Wrath = extreme anger (chiefly used for humorous or rhetorical effect (*)) (*) e.g., in the Bible, it often refers to 'God's wrath')
Past Perfect Simple (had)
For an action that
happened before a specified time point in the past:
e.g., Vicky had
cleaned all the bedrooms by 11 am.
For an action that
happened before another one that also occurred in the past. The 1staction
is in the past perfect, and the 2nd in the past simple:
e.g., Daisy had laid (lay - laid - laid) all the tables by the time the guests arrived (she first
laid the table, and then the guests arrived).
As 1st, we
don't regard the action mentioned 1st, but the one that
really happened first. We may start with the 2nd action (with past simple)
and next to refer the 1st action (past perfect):
e.g., Jim watched TV
after he had done the washing-up.
With ‘since,' ‘for,'
‘already,’ ‘yet,’ ‘just,’ ‘ever,’ ‘never,’ etc. Past perfect connects
a previous action in the past, while present perfect connects the past
with the future:
e.g., Dinner had already finished when the mayor arrived.
We use past perfect
with the following time words: before, after, just, yet, already, ever, never, until, until
after, for, since, as soon as, when, by, by then, and by the time:
e.g., He waited until
everything had finished.
e.g., He had bought some new furniture by then.
‘Ago’ refers to something
that occurred before the present time, while ‘before’ relates to a time
point in the past:
e.g., He had breakfast an hour ago.
e.g., He had breakfast 30 min before.
Past Perfect Continuous (had + -ing)
Past perfect
continuous expresses the duration of an action that started in the distant past
and continued or finished sometime in the past
e.g., ‘He had been
studying for 3 hours when I phoned him.'
Expresses a
continuous action in the past, the result of which was visible in the past
(not in the future as with present perfect continuous)
e.g., He was out (or short) of breath. He had apparently been running.
[Compare to present perfect continuous that expresses an action that happened continuously in the past, the results of which are visible or affect the present, e.g., ‘Why are you wet (now)?’ Have you been jogging in the rain again?’]
We use it with the
time words: since, for, how long, until, before, after, when, by, etc.
e.g. Kate had been
walking 4 miles a day before she broke her leg.
e.g. The program that
was terminated had been working well since 2001.
e.g. Maria had been playing the piano for 30 years when
she was finally asked to play with the local orchestra.
It’s (high) time
‘It’s (high) time’
+ subject + past verb form is used to refer to the present moment:
e.g., It is too late. It’s time we went home (not: It’s time we go home).
It’s time + a verb in
the to-infinitive form (full infinitive) can
refer to the speaker and the listener together:
e.g., It’s time to start packing. Our flight is
leaving in three hours. (or ‘It’s time we started packing’)
Future Simple (will/ shall + be going to)
We use the future
simple with ‘will’ to predict the future. We use it for future facts and
for things that are less certain:
e.g., The sun will
rise at 6.30 am. (a fact)
e.g., I think the Tories (1) will win the next elections in the UK. (something less certain (prediction))
(1)
We use the future
simple with ‘will’ for promises,
requests, offers, and refusals (it is sometimes called ‘volitional’
will). It refers to wanting
to do something or not wanting to do something in the future:
e.g., I won’t
go to the party (refusal).
e.g., Will you help
me with my homework? (request)
e.g., I will help
you clean the house (offer).
We use ‘will’ when we're talking about a decision at the moment of
speaking. We are usually making an offer or promise or talking about
something that we want to do:
e.g., It is too hot. I
will open the air-conditioning.
We use the simple
future with ‘will’ in the 1st conditional, as well as in sentences that have a conditional meaning:
1st
Conditional: if + present
simple + will (main clause) is used to express a simple statement/ fact/
intent
e.g., If you help
me with my homework, I will help you wash the dishes
e.g.,
If you make a mistake, someone will let you know.
e.g., Let’s arrive at the airport early. That will give
us time to buy duty-free at the airport.
Shall
‘Shall’ is used when you want to get someone’s opinion, especially for offers and suggestions:
e.g., Shall I open
the air conditioning? (= Do you want me to open the air conditioning?)
e.g., Where shall we hang out this evening? (= What’s your
opinion?)
Be going to
We use ‘be going to’
to talk about our future intentions and plans. It should be mentioned that we have usually made our plans
before the moment of speaking:
e.g., A: I’ve run out of sugar. B: No problem. I'm going to buy some.
We also use ‘be going
to’ to make a prediction about the future. We may use both ‘be going to’ and ‘will;’ however, it's more common to use ''be going to'' if we can see evidence in
the present:
e.g., The boys are going to fight.
e.g., We were going to tell you
earlier.
Future Continuous (future + ing)
Future continuous is
formed with ‘will + be’ + ‘ing’ form
The future continuous
tense, sometimes also referred to as the future progressive tense, is a verb
tense that indicates that something will occur in the future and continue
for an expected length of time.
e.g., At 2 pm, I will be meeting with the management about my pay raise.
The construction will +
be + the present participle meeting indicates that the meeting isn’t going to
happen in an instant, but it will have a duration.
e.g., I will be
running a marathon this Sunday.
e.g., Don’t visit me in
the evening. I’ll be doing my homework for tomorrow's exams.
e.g., This time tomorrow, I’ll be visiting the British
Museum.
Future Progressive
We use the future
progressive to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a
time in the future. These sentences
are ΝΟΤ about the future, but we can use the future continuous to talk about
what we assume is happening at the moment:
e.g., Don’t phone Mary
now; she’ll be doing her homework.
e.g., I will be watching on
TV my favorite soap opera when you call this evening.
Future Perfect (will have + pp)
Future perfect is formed with ‘will
have’ + past participle.
We use the future
perfect to say that something will be finished
by a particular time in the future. We often use the future perfect with ‘by’ or ‘in.’ ‘By’ means not later than a particular time, while ‘in’ means within a period of time. We do NOT know exactly when
something will finish.
e.g., In (=
within) two years' time, I will have finished my Master’s degree.
e.g., I will have finished my homework in (= within) about 3 hours, and then we can go
to the movies.
e.g., I promise I’ll have done all the homework by (= not later than) this Sunday
(I don’t know exactly when I will finish my homework, but definitely before
Sunday)
e.g., Do you think you will
have finished your project by (= not later than) next Tuesday?
'Used to' (modal verb)
For habits or situations in the past that have changed or do NOT occur anymore. (Note: Simple past refers to an action that happened once in the past at a particular time).
e.g., She used to dance very well (when she was young, not now).
[But we say: She danced very
well when she was young].
e.g., Mary used to be pretty (at the age of 18, not now).
[But we say: Mary was pretty at
the age of 20].
‘Used to’ goes with a to-infinitive (full infinitive) when it
refers to a completed activity in the past:
e.g., ‘When I was
younger, I used to celebrate my birthday with a party. Now I just hang out with friends.
e.g., I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
Be/get
used to + gerund/ noun
e.g., I am used to working late.
Get used to = I am gradually used to
e.g., I got used to working late.
Passive voice
Passive voice is used when
we focus on the action. It is NOT important or NOT known who or what is
performing the action
e.g., My wallet was stolen.
The focus here is that my wallet was stolen, but I don’t know who did it.
A sentence in passive is often more polite than in active voice
e.g., A mistake was made
Here, I focus on a mistake being made, but I do not
blame anyone, i.e., if a specific person has made a mistake.
Form of Passive voice
Subject + finite form of to be + past participle
e.g., The data (*) of the study was/were
analyzed, and the results have just been published.
(*) data is an uncountable noun that goes with a
singular or a plural verb
When rewriting active sentences in the passive voice:
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
The finite form of the verb is changed (‘to be’ + past participle)
The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is omitted)
e.g., Jim (subject) ate omelet (object) at dinner (active).
e.g., At dinner, omelet (subject) was eaten by Jim (object) (passive).
Other structures that have passive
characteristics are the get-passive
and get/have something done:
e.g., The window of my room got
broken.
The focus is that the
window got broken, but I don’t know who did it.
e.g., She’s getting his hair dyed. (Someone is
dyeing his hair.)
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Transforming an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, and the other remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what we want to focus on.
Active: Mary (subject) cooked (verb) pasta (object 1) for me (object 2)
Passive (1): Pasta (subject) was cooked (verb) for me (object 1) (by Mary) (object 2)
Passive (2): For me (subject) was cooked (verb) pasta (object 1) (by Mary) (object 2)
Adding ''by Mary'' does not sound very nice in the examples, so it is usually omitted.
Tense and passive
Present simple
am/ are/ is + past
participle
e.g., He is taken to school by school bus
Present continuous
am/ are /is being +
past participle
e.g., They are being
intimidated (*) (by their rivals)
(*) intimidate = frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Present perfect
have/ has been + past
participle
e.g., We have been asked to close our cell phones when boarding the plane.
Past simple
was/ were + past participle
e.g., We were told not to speak loudly
Past continuous
was/ were being + past
participle
e.g., The village was being attacked by guerillas (1).
(1) guerrilla (or guerilla) = a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces.
Past perfect
had been + past
participle
e.g., I had been brought up (= raised) in the
UK.
Future
will be + past
participle
e.g., Measures will be taken to prevent bullying at
school.
Future perfect
will have been + past
participle
e.g., All the parcels
(1) will have been shipped by Tuesday(*)
(1) parcel = a thing or collection of things wrapped in paper to be carried or sent by mail.
Reference
Bibliography
1)
Cambridge English Official IELTS 11 Academic, Cambridge University Press, UK,
2016. www.cambridge.org/elt
2)
Milton J., Bell H., Neville P., IELTS Practice Test 1 with Answers (& CD),
Express Publishing, Liberty House, UK, 2002, 5th impression 2016.
www.expresspublishing.co.uk
3)
Milton J., Bell H., Neville P., IELTS Practice Test 2 with Answers (& CD),
Express Publishing, Liberty House, UK, 2003, 5th impression 2016.
www.expresspublishing.co.uk
4)
IELTS Premier by British Council, Student Handbook, 2016.
5)
Obee B., Spratt M., Mission IELTS (Coursebook & CD), Express Publishing,
Liberty House, UK, 2010. www.expresspublishing.co.uk
6)
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http://www.really-learn-english.com/what-tense-should-i-use-after-the-word-always.html
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/adverbs-of-time-and-frequency/always
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/past-habit-used-towouldpast-simple
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https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/active-and-passive-verbs
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/passive/passive
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/future-continuous-future-perfect
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/simple-future-use.html
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/it-s-time
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/61963/why-do-we-say-its-time-we-ate-and-not-its-time-we-eat
http://www.grammaring.com/its-high-time
https://www.englishgrammar.org/high-time/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Going-to_future
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/future-continuous-future-perfect
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/simple-future/
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html
http://www.studyandexam.com/future-simple-tense.html
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/simple_future.htm
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/simple-future.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence
http://www.really-learn-english.com/examples-of-future-progressive-tense.html
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/future-progressive-tense-use.html
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