· Exuberant (pronounced ɪɡˈzjuːbərənt) = (adjective) Filled with or characterized by lively energy and excitement. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yvd0iA1UUPY // e.g., Giddily exuberant crowds.// e.g., Young and exuberant, he symbolizes Italy’s new vitality (^^^ for the last example).
· Superabundant = (adjective) Excessive in quantity; more than sufficient; overabundant e.g., Silicon is superabundant; it is cheap; its products are light to transport: its production carries few and small pollution risks; its power demands are low.
· Giddy = (adjective) Having a sensation of whirling and a tendency to fall or stagger; dizzy. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jC8Qc97aUsk // e.g., ‘I felt giddy and had to steady myself.’/// (verb) Make someone feel excited to the point of disorientation e.g., The giddying speed of the revolving doors.
· Saga (pronounced ˈsɑːɡə) = (noun) A long story of heroic achievement, especially a medieval prose narrative in Old Norse or Old Icelandic. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Snorri_Sturluson_C._Krohg.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Dronning-ragnhilds-drom.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/78/Saga1coverByFionaStaples.jpg/250px-Saga1coverByFionaStaples.jpg // e.g., A figure straight out of a Viking saga./// A long, complicated series of related, usually negative, events e.g., It was just another episode in an ongoing saga of marriage problems (^^ for the 2nd definition).
· Overwhelmingly = (adverb) To a very great degree or with a great majority e.g., The country voted overwhelmingly for independence./// (as submodifier) e.g., The reaction has been overwhelmingly positive.
· Get along with = (phrasal verb) Have a harmonious or friendly relationship e.g., They seem to get along pretty well./// Manage to live or survive e.g., ''Don't worry, we'll get along without you.''
· Numerous (pronounced ˈnjuː.mə.rəs) = (adjective) Great in number; many e.g., She has attended numerous meetings and social events.
· Come along = (phrasal verb) Arrive e.g., A chance like this doesn't come along every day./// (in imperative) Said when encouraging someone or telling them to hurry up e.g., ''That's our man, Smith! Come along!''
· Cock (as a noun) = rooster.
· Clawback = (noun) The recovery of money already dispersed e.g., Funds that are not subject to any clawback by the government.
· Ripe/ ripening (verb = 'ripen') = (adjective) (of fruit or grain) Developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating; mature. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ripe%2C_ripening%2C_and_green_blackberries.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Ripening_of_date.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Lemon-ripening.JPG and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epHWlxu4thU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGLK_vBUymA /// Cervical ripening (or cervical effacement) = (obstetrics) the softening of the cervix that typically begins prior to the onset of labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and the passage of the fetus. Source (Retrieved: June 8, 2017): http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/263311-overview See http://www.medindia.net/surgicalprocedures/images/cervical-ripening-procedure.jpg
· Mellow = (adjective) (especially of a sound, flavor, or color) Pleasantly smooth or soft; free from harshness e.g., She was hypnotized by the mellow tone of his voice. // e.g., Mellow flavors/ sounds/ autumn sunlight (^^^ for this example)./// (Of a person's character) Tempered by maturity or experience e.g., A more mellow personality// e.g., After a few drinks, he became very mellow (^^^ for this example)./// (Of earth) Rich and loamy e.g., Soil has good tilth when it is mellow and granular and crumbles easily in the hand.
· Loam = (noun) soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > 63 μm), silt (particle size > 2 µm), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < 2 µm). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand-silt-clay, respectively. However, these proportions can vary to a degree and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Bama_soil.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Lancashire_Loam_-_geograph.org.uk_-_999357.jpg
· Loamy = (adjective) A fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus. For loamy soil See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Bama_soil.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Lancashire_Loam_-_geograph.org.uk_-_999357.jpg and https://fthmb.tqn.com/f44-gMDwFonz01MziwReysfGp8Y=/1600x1200/filters:no_upscale():fill(transparent,1)/about/Loam-57a0e9ca5f9b589aa9f01a9c.jpg and https://aos.iacpublishinglabs.com/question/929e01f0d2bb007490586ac69e9bdd8d/aq/1400px-788px/loam-soil_e01821a2dee3369_LrneYwZCSoKnXlLB0q9oOQ.jpg?domain=cx.aos.ask.com e.g., The north side has some very good silty clay loam, while the southwest corner is very sandy.
:fill(transparent,1)/about/Loam-57a0e9ca5f9b589aa9f01a9c.jpg){kind=link}
· Baddie = (noun) A villain or criminal in a story or movie.
· Simian = (adjective) Relating to, resembling, or affecting apes or monkeys e.g., Simian immunodeficiency virus.
· Inauguration (UK English = ɪˌnɔːɡjəˈreɪʃən // US English = ɪˌnɑːɡjəˈreɪʃən) = (noun) The beginning or introduction of a system, policy, or period e.g., The inauguration of an independent prosecution service./// The oath and beginning of a new president; the formal admission of someone to office. For the inauguration of the US president Donald Trump See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7hET4Xp0qQ and https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/01/chris-morris-donald-trump-inauguration-oath.jpg // e.g., The inauguration of the new president of the US // A ceremony to mark the beginning or introduction of something e.g., The inauguration of the Modern Art Museum.
· Mezzanine = (noun) A low story (floor) between 2 others in a building, usually between the ground-floor and the 1st floor. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Maastricht%2C_Centre_C%C3%A9ramique%2C_zicht_op_entreehal%2C_souterrain_en_mezzanino_vanaf_cafetaria1.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Industrial_Mezzanine.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ottawacapitolmgs2.jpg and http://krostshelving.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Krostshelving-mezzanine-floors-16112015.jpg and http://www.manoirrouvillecampbell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/xMezzanine-224-785X3701.jpg.pagespeed.ic.glAj58YAB6.jpg /// (adjective) Relating to or denoting unsecured, higher-yielding loans that are subordinate to bank loans and secured loans but rank above equity e.g., The two banks and Vernon are reported to have put up only €34 million of the purchase price, the remaining coming in the form of mezzanine finance and bank loans.
· Can = tin
· Heed = (noun) careful attention e.g., He paid no heed to what we said him./// (verb) Pay attention to; take notice of e.g., She should have heeded the warnings.
· Pigtail = (noun) A braid or gathered hank of hair hanging from the back of the head or either of a pair at the sides. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Braided_pigtails.jpg and http://www.cureforbaldnesss.com/images/pigtail-hairstyles.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Bedouin_woman_2_%281898_-_1914%29.jpg // A short length of flexible braided wire connecting a stationary part to a moving part in an electrical device. See https://www.handymanhowto.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/DSC03661.jpg // e.g., Twist the ends of the wires being connected with the pigtail wire tightly together.
· Gratification (noun) (the verb is ‘gratify’) = (noun) Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire. Synonyms = tempt, lure.// e.g., A thirst for sexual gratification.// e.g., Some people expect instant gratification (^^^ for the last example).
· Entice = (verb) Attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage e.g., A show which should entice a new audience into the theater.// e.g., The adverts entice the customers into buying things they don’t really want.// (+ to infinitive) e.g., A smell of coffee in the doorway enticed people to enter the shop (^^^ for the last 2 examples).
· Unravel (also used metaphorically) = (verb) undue twisted, knitted or woven thread e.g., ‘I feel that it's kind of like unravelling a knitted sweater - you have to pull, but if you pull to hard, the string will knot and break.’//e.g., He had to unravel the umbilical cord from round Niamh's neck, but the delivery was otherwise straightforward.// Investigate and solve or explain something complicated or puzzling e.g., They were attempting to unravel the cause of death.
· Remittance = (noun) Sum of money sent by mail in payment of services or goods or as a gift e.g., You should complete your booking form and send it together with your remittance.// e.g., He sends a small remittance home to his parents each month.// e.g., Remittance advice/ information (^^^ for the last 2 examples).
· Connotation (noun) (the verb is ‘connote’) = (noun) an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning e.g., The word ‘discipline’ has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression.// e.g., The word ‘lady’ has connotations of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive (^^^ for the last example).
· Assent = (noun) The expression of approval or agreement e.g., A loud murmur of assent./// Official agreement or sanction e.g., The act was given the Royal Assent.// (verb) (with object) (often as assent to) = express approval or agreement e.g., The Prime Minister assented to the change./// (with direct speech) ‘Then, Frank assented cheerfully.’
· Treaty (pronounced 'tri:ti, not 'tre-ti') = (noun) a formal agreement concluded & ratified between countries e.g., The two Presidents signed a ten-year treaty of solidarity.// e.g., A peace treaty.// e.g., The treaty on EU (European Union) (^^^ for the last 2 examples).
· Signatory = (noun) a person, organization or country that has signed an agreement e.g., Most western European nations are signatories to/of the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) (^^).
· Accord (pronounced əˈkɔːd) = (noun) an official agreement or treaty e.g., Months after his visit in 1996, peace accords were signed.// e.g., The accords were written by community members and signed by those present./// Agreement or harmony e.g., The government and the rebels are in accord on one point.// e.g., Function and form in harmonious accord.// (verb) Give or grant someone power, status, or recognition e.g., The powers accorded to the head of state./// (verb with two objects) e.g., The national assembly accorded the General more power./// (of a concept or fact) Be harmonious or consistent with e.g. This fact accords with results of previous studies, but given the scant data and the magnitude of the values, no conclusions can be drawn.// e.g., ‘His story of how the deal was concluded is the first more detailed account of what actually happened, and roughly accords with what I had thought.’
· Ratification (not to be confused with ‘ramification’) = (mass noun) The action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid e.g., Ratification of the treaty (pronounced ˈtriː.ti) raised problems in several member states.// e.g., Reconciliation cannot wait for the ratification of a comprehensive peace treaty.// e.g., The Convention will be in force after ratification by 40 governments.
· Ratify (pronounced ˈræt.ɪ.faɪ) = (verb) (with object) Sign or give formal consent to a treaty (pronounced ˈtriːti), contract, or agreement, making it officially valid e.g., Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.// e.g., The establishment of this air police force has been ratified by the State Council.
· Clause (pronounced klɔːz) (with the meaning of legal document) = (noun) a particular and separate article, stipulation, or proviso in a treaty, bill, or contract e.g., Contracts often have choice-of-law clauses, specifying the law to be applied.// e.g., They have added/ deleted/ amended a clause in the contract which says the company can make people redundant for economic reasons (^^^ for the last example).
· Stipulation = (noun) a condition or requirement that is specified or demanded as part of an agreement e.g., My aunt donated her collection of prints with the stipulation that they will never be publicly exhibited.// e.g., The only stipulation is that candidates must be over the age of 30 (^^^ for the last example).
· Proviso (pronounced prəˈvʌɪzəʊ) (plural = provisos) = (noun) a condition attached to an agreement.// (proviso + that) e.g., He was released from prison with/ on the proviso that he doesn't leave the country (*).
· Equestrian = (adjective) of or relating to horse riding.
· Slain = (p.p. of slay) killed in a violent way
· Well-meaning = well-intentioned
· Remark = (transitive verb) to give a spoken statement of an opinion or thought e.g., He remarked that she was looking slim. /// Remark on something = (phrasal verb) to notice something and make a remark about it e.g., All her friends remarked on the change in her since her marriage./// (noun) Something that you say, giving your opinion about something or stating a fact e.g., The children made rude remarks about the old man (^^).
· Cubby-hole (or Cubbyhole) (pronounced ˈkʌb.i.həʊl) = (noun) A small enclosed compartment room./// a small, snug place, which may be considered and used as a place of safety for children. This may be constructed by the children and used as a place of play. Autistic children are especially fond of such places. Children may have a small shed, play-house or tent which they use as a cubby-house (***** for this). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/91/Edit_Benny_Benson%27s_Cubby_Hole_at_the_Old_Jesse_Lee_Home_dht.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Modern-Cubby-House-Design.jpg and http://katrinleblondblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/built-in-bed.brian-vanderlink.jpg and https://st.hzcdn.com/fimgs/8871c4ff0d124386_7509-w500-h400-b0-p0--eclectic-living-room.jpg
· Confederate flag = (history; US civil war) Despite never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor officially recognized as one of its national flags, the rectangular Second Confederate Navy Jack and the Battle Flag of Northern Virginia are now flag types commonly referred to as the Confederate flag (also known as the rebel flag). They both have become a widely recognized symbol of the Southern US (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Confederate_Rebel_Flag.svg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Naval_jack_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281863-1865%29.svg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Naval_ensign_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281863-1865%29.svg
· Cache (pronounced kash) = (noun) a collection of items of the same type stored or hidden in an inaccessible place e.g., An arms cache.// e.g., A cache of drugs/ explosives/ weapons (^^^).(also known as hoard) a collection of artifacts See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Silver_coin_hoard.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Tesoro_de_Villena_04.JPG /// (also known as caching or hoarding) a food storing behavior of animals (***** for the last 2 definitions). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Western_Scrub_Jay.jpg
· Creche (or Crèche) (pronounced kreʃ) = (noun) (or daycare center) Nursery (for infants)/ an organization of adults who take care of children in place of their parents (***** for the 2nd part of the definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Kids_at_daycare.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/WWII_daycare_Richmond_CA.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/US_Navy_050114-N-3659B-050_he_Morale_Welfare_and_Recreation_Child_Development_Center_on_board_Naval_Support_Activity_Mid-South_in_Millington%2C_Tenn.%2C_provides_daycare_services.jpg and http://miketoyschools.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/creche.jpg /// Animals taking care of young that are not their own (***** for this).
· Tenant = (noun) a person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.
· Cumbersome = (adjective) Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy e.g., Cumbersome diving suits.// Slow or complicated and therefore inefficient e.g., Organizations with cumbersome hierarchical structures.
· Exorbitant = (adjective) (of a price or amount charged) unreasonably high e.g., The exorbitant price of tickets.// e.g., The bill for dinner was exorbitant (^^^ for the last example).
· Breeze = (noun) a light and pleasant wind. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Windenergy.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdYiXoSLwU0 e.g., A warm/cool breeze (^^)./// Sea breeze = an onshore afternoon wind, caused by warm air rising over the land in sunny weather (***** for this). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/SeaBreeze.svg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cubanseabreezeconvergence.gif and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Sea-breeze_in_Hobart.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsW8rXPcnM0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekr1meFgeZA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEXcwzgPVmA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM0d3fGew-0
· Gust = (noun) A brief, intense rush of wind. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDGiRAtmMmg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzQ-M8CPUaU and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Windenergy.jpg // e.g., As the players went back on to the court, there were incredibly strong gusts of wind blowing through the stadium.// e.g., A sudden gust of wind blew her umbrella inside out (^^^ for the last example)./// (verb) To blow strongly e.g., Winds gusting to 50 mph (miles per hour) brought down power cables (^^ for the definition as a verb).
· Tempest = (noun) a violent windy storm. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhmZauEV-AQ and https://uploads2.wikiart.org/images/ivan-aivazovsky/the-tempest-1886.jpg and https://files.list.co.uk/images/2012/05/15/the-tempe.jpg // e.g., The first thing I noticed as we approached the front door was that outside seemed to be caught up in a violent tempest.//// ''A tempest in a teapot'' = (phrase) great anger or excitement about a trivial matter e.g., To some in this small town, it's a tempest in a teapot that smacks of partisan politics.
· Gale (pronounced ɡeɪl) = (noun) A very strong wind. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3keVTa2r68 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JP4Bs3VNl4E and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGlM5qQ1p0A // e.g., ‘I slept well despite the howling gales outside.’// e.g., ‘It was blowing a gale.’ // e.g., Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gale (my example).// (as modifier) e.g., Gale-force winds battered the North Sea coast./// (also known as fresh gale) (Meteorology) (on the Beaufort scale) a wind of force 8 (34–40 knots or 63–74 km/h)./// A storm at sea. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_After_a_Gale--Wreckers_-_James_Hamilton_-_overall.jpg // e.g., The Aran Islands lifeboat had broken loose from its mooring in a gale at the beginning of October./// Gale of/gales of = an outburst of laughter. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoPZU00fchE // e.g., He collapsed into gales of laughter.
· Squall (pronounced skwɔːl) = (noun) a sudden violent gust of wind or a localized storm, especially one bringing rain, snow, or sleet. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/DangerousShelfCloud.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Squall_line_arthur_ontario_2003.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnsxAXowu3g and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVSahiUG0ds and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9EXmduy2c8 // e.g., Low clouds and squalls of driving rain.// e.g., Sudden snow squalls, windy conditions and temperature drops are common./// A loud cry e.g., She emitted a short, mournful squall./// (verb; no object) (of a baby or small child) cry noisily and continuously. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51a3etouJA4 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYrhJW7BuAk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYyMsaV5tuU&list=PLElN4G54s54Hi9WU4ZK6NlbLb621roSLm // eg., The baby was squalling in its crib.// e.g., The infant was lying on a table to the side, squalling.
· Hurricane = (noun) a storm with a violent wind, in particular, a tropical cyclone (pronounced ˈsaɪ.kləʊn) in the Caribbean.
· Runaway = (noun) A person who has run away especially from his/her family or an Institute; a fugitive e.g., A teenage runaway.// e.g., A charity for runaways.// (as modifier) e.g., Runaway boys./// (often as modifier) An animal or vehicle that is running out of control e.g., A runaway train./// (as modifier) Denoting something happening or done very quickly, easily, or uncontrollably e.g., The runaway success of the book.
· Juvenile (pronounced ˈdʒuː.v(ə)n.aɪl) = (adjective) relating to young people e.g., Juvenile delinquency.
· Delinquency (pronounced dɪˈlɪŋkw(ə)nsi) = (noun) minor crime, especially that committed by young people e.g., Juvenile delinquency.
· Pastime = (noun) a hobby; an activity that someone regularly does for enjoyment rather than work e.g., ‘Do-it-yourself’ is the nation’s most popular pastime (^^^).
· Allocate = (transitive verb) to give something or someone as their share of a total amount, for them to use in a particular way e.g., The US government is allocating $8 million for health education.// e.g., As project leader, you will have to allocate people jobs/ allocate jobs to people (^^).
· Allocation = (noun) the action or process of allocating or distributing something e.g., More efficient allocation of resources.// e.g., Ticket allocation.// e.g., The allocation of resources/funds/time (^^^ (for the last example).
· Allot = (verb) give or apportion something to somebody as a share of task/ dispense e.g., Equal time was allotted to each.// e.g., ‘I was allotted a little room in the servants' block.’// e.g., They allotted a separate desk to everyone.// e.g., Two hours have been allotted to/for this task (^^).
· Allotment = (noun) the amount of something allocated (see above) to a particular person e.g., The allotment of equity securities./// An amount allotted to a person e.g., It sold the upper leases to Jones Ltd in return for an allotment of 75,000 paid-up shares of $5 each in that company.
· Apportion (pronounced əˈpɔːʃ(ə)n) = (verb) Divide and allocate e.g., Voting power will be apportioned according to contribution.// e.g., The investigation into the air crash would inevitably apportion blame to certain members of the crew (^^^ for this example)./// Assign e.g., They did not apportion blame or liability to any one individual.
· Tantrum = (noun) an uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child e.g., If she doesn’t get her own way she has temper tantrums (^^^).
· I think I got the gist (pronounced dʒɪst) (**) = to understand the central, essential or general matter of something, such as an argument, speech, concept, or process, without being proficient in the more specific details e.g., ‘I think I got (= understood) the gist of what he was saying’ (^^^).
· Gist (pronounced dʒɪst) = (noun) The substance or general meaning of a speech or text e.g., It was hard to get the gist of Pedro's talk./// (Law) The real point of an action e.g., Damage is the gist of the action, and without it, the plaintiff must fail.
· Shack = hut = cabin = cottage
· Shack = (noun) A very simple and small building made from pieces of wood, metal, or other materials (^^). Synonym = hut. For shack house See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Olympia%2C_WA_-_shack_behind_Bigelow_House_02.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Shack_in_Pigeon_Forge%2C_TN_by_Zachary_Davies.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Kayamandi_02.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Rundown_Shack.jpg and http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/pictures/110000/nahled/shack-house.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg
· Crow = rook = raven
· Subdue = (verb) overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person); subjugate e.g., The fire burned for 6 hours before the firefighters (1 word) could subdue it.// e.g., She criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression (^^^).
· Subjugate = (transitive verb) to defeat people or a country and rule them in a way that allows them no freedom.// Subjugation (noun) e.g., They are bravely resisting subjugation by their more powerful neighbors. /// (transitive verb) To treat yourself, your wishes, or your beliefs as being less important than other people or their wishes or beliefs e.g., She subjugated herself to her mother’s needs (^^).
· Disenfranchise = (verb) to take away power or opportunities, especially the right to vote from a person or group (*) e.g., For the edification of the possible reader who is entirely uninformed, it may be explained that women are not entirely disenfranchised in the US (**)
· Edification = (noun) The improvement of the mind and understanding, especially by learning e.g., ‘I tend to watch the TV for pleasure rather than edification.’ (^^).// e.g., The idea that art's main purpose is to supply moral uplift and edification.
· All along = from the very beginning (*).
· Crayon (pronounced ˈkreɪ.ɒn) = (noun) A pencil or stick of colored chalk or wax, used for drawing. (verb) Draw with a crayon or crayons. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Crayones_cera.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Crayola-64.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/One_Made_it.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6KO3bcqrGg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgbKYj8Suuw
· Plasticine (pronounced ˈplæs.tə.siːn) = (noun) A soft modeling material, used especially by children. See (rat) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Tadzik1.jpg and (garden) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Plasticine_garden_veg.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIMk1MURj2s and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkNiTAwrwhM
· Revamp = (verb) give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to e.g., We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before./// (noun) e.g., The company has spent $3 million on a major revamp of its offices (^^^ for the last example).
· Embalm = (verb) preserve a corpse from decay, originally with spices and now usually by arterial injection of a preservative. For an embalmed mummy See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Momias_de_Llullaillaco_en_la_Provincia_de_Salta_%28Argentina%29.jpg For Abraham Lincoln embalmed (photo) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Lincolnatpeace2.jpg For Lenin’s embalmed See http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/1/5/1294238778548/Lenins-embalmed-corpse-007.jpg // e.g., ‘We’ve seen Lenin and other famous embalmed corpses last for years upon years, but their bodies have been meticulously cared for by people in the know.’ (Source: https://www.calebwilde.com/2014/07/the-corpse-bride-of-mexico-is-this-a-dead-girl-or-a-mannequin/ ) /// For animals we use the word stuff, stuffed. See http://friends.kz/uploads/posts/2011-07/1310569394_article-2014186-0cfd354300000578-506_306x423.jpg and http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/comanche.jpg But in US English a stuffed animal may mean a toy animal made from cloth and filled with soft material so that it is pleasant to hold (^^ for this) e.g., A stuffed teddy bear. For a stuffed teddy bear – See https://www.wildrepublic.com/Content/uploads/13430-xl.jpg and http://www.musiclessonbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/stuffed-animal.jpg
· Be in the know = be aware of something known only to a few people e.g., He had a tip from a friend in the know: the horse was a cert.// e.g., We’ve seen Lenin and other famous embalmed corpses last for years upon years, but their bodies have been meticulously cared for by people in the know. (Source: https://www.calebwilde.com/2014/07/the-corpse-bride-of-mexico-is-this-a-dead-girl-or-a-mannequin/ )
· Decorum = (noun) behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety e.g., As young ladies, we were expected to act/behave with proper decorum (**).
· Propriety (pronounced prəˈpraɪə.ti) = (noun) the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals e.g., She was careful always to behave with propriety. (**) // e.g., The director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety of how the funds were raised (^^^ for the last example).
· Proprietary (pronounced prəˈpraɪə.t(ə)r.i) = (adjective) of or relating to an owner or ownership e.g., ‘I just assumed he owned the place. He had a proprietary air about him’ (**)./// Goods that are made and sent out by a particular company whose name is on the product e.g., Proprietary medicines (^^ for the second definition).
· Unassuming (pronounced ʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ) = (adjective) modest; not pretentious or arrogant e.g., He was shy and unassuming and not at all how you expect an actor to be (**) // e.g., He was an unassuming and kindly man.
· Ostentatious = (adjective) Characterized by pretentious or showy display; designed to impress e.g., A simple design that is glamorous without being ostentatious.// e.g., He was a generous but not ostentatious philanthropist; his private and family life was wholly conventional.// e.g., An ostentatious gesture/ manner.// They criticized the ostentatious lifestyle of their leaders (^^^ for the last 3 examples).
· Pretentious = (adjective) Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance or merit than is actually possessed e.g., Pretentious art films.// e.g., The pretentious jargon of wine experts.
· Avail = (verb) use or take advantage of an opportunity or available resource e.g., My attempts to improve the situation were of little/ no avail. (**) // e.g., We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (= did not succeed).
· Fog (vs) Smog
· Fog = (noun) a weather condition in which very small drops of water come together to form a thick cloud close to the land or sea ocean, making it difficult to see. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/High_Desert_Fog.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/PostcardVirginiaCityNVPogonipCirca1907.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/San_francisco_in_fog_with_rays.jpg and https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1430921688227-2c59c6489072?ixlib=rb-0.3.5&q=100&fm=jpg&crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&s=77f4b69fe096421094cc0c70df0544fa and http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1846574/images/o-SAN-FRANCISCO-FOG-facebook.jpg // e.g., Thick/Heavy/Dense fog has made driving conditions dangerous.// e.g., Mist, fog, and snow ate common in this area.// e.g., It took several hours for the fog to lift./// (transitive verb) To make something or someone confused or uncertain e.g., Alcohol fogs the brain.// e.g., The president's speech had simply fogged the issue (*).
· Smog = (noun) a mixture of smoke, gases, and chemicals, especially in cities, that makes the atmosphere difficult to breathe and harmful for health. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/SmogNY.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Smog_in_the_skies_of_Delhi%2C_India.jpg and https://grist.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/smog.jpg?w=1200&h=675&crop=1 and http://dazedimg.dazedgroup.netdna-cdn.com/786/azure/dazed-prod/1140/9/1149191.jpg // e.g., Smog is a major problem in Beijing.// e.g., As we flew into the airport, we could see a murky yellow smog hovering over the city (*) // Beijing is one of the smoggiest (we refer to ‘smog’, not ‘fog’) capitals (worldwide), as this is the (environmental) cost of the robust/ soaring development of the Chinese economy.
· Fog signal = A small explosive charge which can be placed on a railway line in a fog to be set off by the train as a signal to the driver. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L60iJwvFXA
· Fog horn = a fog signal that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards like rocky coastlines or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/SplitRockFogSignal.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Foghorn_building_on_Flat_Holm_Island.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Foghorns.jpg
· Murky (pronounced ˈməːki) = (adjective) Dark and gloomy, especially due to thick mist. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/52/18/3a5218b6ad6e4bb4105bbcc910d09a6d.jpg and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9RjBJGsUAyBBiNDVfC43_aMV138hp2UZd2GZUBzy-VAfYsnDqOcbROOLt2utNl5HofjWpVx3qq5rqBHmqJikgOAkkqPQ-i8QrL7kTbapvLOaJU4vhVtsFComtxEdZLzkhgj7bY4NQJlxv/s1600/Misty+cathedral+001.JPG // For murky sky See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vNq3YjL6EU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LlXO2G2u8s // e.g., The sky was murky and a thin drizzle was falling./// (of liquid) dark and dirty; not clear. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtOEHV1OT6SqvPVpWlzNfFxF-0m2LpQ3D_o1h4uo7hHp6wZnsyZOZ-08cyhdhGVJ1gxup_vmMgg0RUKNQ1STih8gi1Kwvb75nhSDcfNPEO4SI4mUoPPHem7J-kodAaAwzQUzI0VodH0nn/s1600/IMG_0047.JPG // e.g., The murky silt of a muddy pond./// Obscure or morally questionable e.g., A government minister with a murky past.
· Haze (vs) mist: Seen from afar (for example, an approaching airplane) and depending on the direction of view concerning the Sun, haze may appear brownish or bluish, while mist tends to be bluish grey. Whereas haze often is thought of as a phenomenon of dry air, mist formation is a phenomenon of humid air. However, haze particles may act as condensation nuclei for the subsequent formation of mist droplets; such forms of haze are known as ‘wet haze’ (*****).
· Mist = (noun) thin fog produced by very small drops of water collecting in the air just above an area of ground or water. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Kraftwerk_im_Dunst.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Herbert_Lake_beim_Icefields_Parkway.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Mist_-_Ensay_region3.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Oberfallenberg_8.jpg // e.g., The mountain villages seem to be permanently shrouded in mist.// e.g., The early-morning mist soon lifted/ cleared./// A thin layer of liquid on the surface of something that makes it difficult to see e.g., ‘There's always a mist on the bathroom mirror/ windows when I've had a shower.’// e.g., ‘Through a mist of tears, I watched his train pull out of the station.’// e.g., The river is often cloaked in mist in the early morning (*).
· Haze = (noun) something such as heat or smoke in the air that makes it less clear so that it is difficult to see well (*) e.g., The road through the desert shimmered in the haze (**). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/MosqueinAbuja.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Spooky_Summer_Sunset.jpg and (haze over China) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Haze_over_China.jpg and http://archives.thestar.com.my/archives/2013/6/26/health/Haze-induced-kl-f09.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siHDTxphcEQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_Avz1vMhKs /// A state of mental obscurity or confusion e.g., Through an alcoholic haze./// (verb) Force (a new or potential recruit to the military, a college fraternity, etc.) to perform strenuous, humiliating, or dangerous tasks. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwTRuPzKrAU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFSkgBJHZjo and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkWFGpJd4CE /// e.g., Rookies were mercilessly hazed./// Drive cattle in a specified direction while on horseback https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy1Kqr8EB-I e.g., He had little trouble hazing his quarry back.
· Drizzle = (mass noun) Light rain falling in very fine drops. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCFnRJoeK40 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA5eoeR9hu4 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7Oo_7mPBkU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7tV_BT8pNA and http://images.usatoday.com/weather/images/drizzle_body.jpg and https://cashmerewalks.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/img00305.jpg // e.g., Scotland will be cloudy with patchy drizzle.// (in singular) e.g., A steady drizzle has been falling since 4 a.m./// (in cooking) A thin stream of a liquid ingredient trickled over food. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIqQGprTwHw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP9lodd26HE and https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/sites/default/files/styles/recipe/public/recipe_images/recipe-image-legacy-id--1124452_10.jpg?itok=8bxBBsoZ and http://honest-food.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/pine-nut-ice-cream-recipe-drizzle.jpg and http://img.sndimg.com/food/image/upload/h_465,w_620,c_fit/v1/img/recipes/14/86/48/I3iTm2AbRCuwTffjrkT5_biscotti.JPG // e.g., Raw mushrooms, thinly sliced and served with lemon, a little salt, and a drizzle of olive oil./// ''It drizzles", "it is drizzling, etc. = (verb; no object) Rain lightly e.g., ‘It's started to drizzle.’/// (verb with object) (in cooking) Trickle a thin stream of a liquid ingredient over food e.g., ‘Drizzle the clarified butter over the top.’
· Dew (pronounced ˈdjuː) = (mass noun) drops of water that forms on the ground and other surfaces outside during the night. For dew drops (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Dew_Drops.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Cool_drop.jpg and https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5486/10938523673_d4176de097_b.jpg and https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5486/10938523673_d4176de097_b.jpg // e.g., The grass was wet with dew./// (in singular) e.g., A cold, heavy dew dripped from the leaves./// (in singular) A beaded or glistening liquid resembling dew e.g., Her body had broken out in a fine dew of perspiration./// (verb with object) (literary) Moisten with drops of liquid e.g., Sweat dewed her lashes.//// Distant early warning, a radar system in North America for the early detection of a missile attack. (as modifier) e.g., The DEW line. /// Dewy (adjective) e.g., A dewy morning./// Dewdrop = a drop of dew. (^^).
· Trickle = (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) (of a liquid) Flow in a small stream. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzMejTKs4Y4 For trickle-down See https://d17td7dfmj97sg.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/trickle-down.jpg and http://pre14.deviantart.net/3852/th/pre/i/2008/285/a/d/water_trickle_by_brandonroode.jpg and https://ar.al/notes/trickle-down-technology/images/photos-vegas-1406779915.jpg // e.g., A solitary tear trickled down her cheek.// (with object and adverbial of direction) Cause a liquid to flow in a small stream e.g., Tom trickled a line of sauce on his fish fingers./// Come or go slowly or gradually e.g., The first members of the congregation began to trickle in./// (noun) A small flow of liquid e.g., A trickle of blood./// A small group or number of people or things moving slowly e.g., The traffic had dwindled to a trickle./// Trickle-down effect = a model of product adoption in marketing./// Trickle-down economics = a rhetorical term for tax cuts on high incomes and business activity (for the last 2 definitions). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0wp0kbBeJU //// Trickle down = (phrasal verb) (of wealth) gradually benefit the poorest as a result of the increasing wealth of the richest e.g., In many cases, there is a little trickle-down benefit to the wider population in these countries.
· Slush (or slush ice) = a slurry mixture of small ice crystals (e.g., snow) and liquid water. In the natural environment, slush forms when ice or snow melts. This often mixes with dirt and other materials, resulting in a gray or muddy brown color (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/FrozenTireMarks%40Sunrise%28byPeterBesser%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Slush_on_window_in_three_lights.jpg
· Mercilessly
· Sprawl = (verb) sit, lie, or fall with one's arms and legs spread out in an ungainly or awkward way. See http://static9.depositphotos.com/1009226/1212/i/950/depositphotos_12122706-stock-photo-a-guy-flung-all-over.jpg // e.g., The door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement.// e.g., He lay sprawled on the bed.// e.g., ‘I knocked into her in the corridor and sent her sprawling (= knocked her over) (^^^ for this example).// Sprawled (adjective) e.g., He was sprawled (out) on the floor (^^^ as an adjective)./// (noun)(usually in singular) An ungainly or carelessly relaxed position in which one's arms and legs are spread out e.g., He fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl./// A group or mass of something that has spread out in an untidy or irregular way e.g., A sprawl of buildings./// (mass noun) (urban sprawl) The disorganized and unattractive expansion of an urban or industrial area into the adjoining countryside. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Scottsdale_cityscape4.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/BosWash-Night-Labeled.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Derry_and_Thompson.JPG and http://ca.res.keymedia.com/files/image/Which%20Mortgage/UrbanSprawl.jpg // e.g., The growth of urban sprawl./// A martial arts and wrestling term for a defensive technique that is done in response to certain takedown attempts, typically double or single leg takedown attempts. The sprawl is performed by scooting the legs backward, so as to land on the upper back of the opponent attempting the takedown. The resultant position is also known as sprawl or sprawling position (***** for this definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/USMC_grappling_sprawl.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sprawl_Exercise.webm/220px--Sprawl_Exercise.webm.jpg
· Deem = (verb) regard or consider in a specified way e.g., The party was deemed a great success.// e.g., The area has now been deemed safe.// e.g., ‘We will provide help whenever you deem it appropriate.’// e.g., Anyone not paying the registration fee by 29 May will be deemed to have withdrawn from the scheme (^^^ (for the last 3 examples).
· Headphones (vs) Headset (vs) Handset
· Headphones = (plural noun) A device with a part to cover each ear through which you can listen to music, radio broadcasts, etc. without other people hearing. For the old-type classical headphones See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/S%C5%82uchawki_referencyjne_K-701_firmy_AKG.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Headphones-Sennheiser-HD555.jpg For earphones See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Cuffiette_anatomiche.jpg
· Headset = (noun) (audio) audio headphone(s), particularly with an attached microphone. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Plantronics_headset_in_use_on_HP500.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Dragon_2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Plantronics_headset.jpg For a Bluetooth headset See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Se_bluetooth_headset.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Bluetooth_headset.jpg
· Handset = (noun) (handset icon
· Insinuate (pronounced ɪnˈsɪn.ju.eɪt) = (verb) suggest or hint something bad or reprehensible indirectly and unpleasantly, e.g., He was insinuating that she had slept her way to the top./// Maneuver oneself into a position of favor or office by subtle manipulation e.g., She seemed to be taking over, insinuating herself into the family.
· Insinuation (pronounced ɪnsɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n) = (noun) an unpleasant hint or suggestion of something bad e.g., ‘Are you insinuating that I am losing my nerve?’ (**).
· Take over = (phrasal verb) An act of assuming control of something, especially the buying out of one company by another e.g., As the company suffers from such a low valuation, it could also be a target for a takeover.
· Intricate = (adjective) very complicated or detailed e.g., An intricate network of canals.// e.g., Police officers uncovered an intricate web of deceit (^^^ for the last example).
· Stakeholder (not to be confused with stockholder) = (noun) a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business e.g., The body should also have regional networks in order to accommodate greater interests among stakeholders.
· Detonator (pronounced ˈdet.(ə)n.eɪ.tə(r)) = (noun) A device or small sensitive charge used to detonate an explosive. For a bomb detonator See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Eod2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Detonator.jpg and and https://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/michaelbaybatman/images/8/8c/Bao-joker-bomb-detonator.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20140107170208 For a grenade detonator See http://www.passioncompassion1418.com/decouvertes/ImagesDecouvertes/Grenades/MillsSchema.jpg For explosive dynamite sticks detonator See https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/explosive-dynamite-sticks-detonator-white-27031876.jpg // (UK English) Another term for fog signal.
· Detonate (pronounced det.(ə)n.eɪt) = (verb) Explode or cause to explode. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/TNT_detonation_on_Kahoolawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailoir_Hat%2C_sjot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg and http://www.muzic.net.nz/images/reviews/Detonate-Sign.jpg and http://shtfplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/system-detonate.jpg // e.g., Two other bombs failed to detonate.
· ‘You are welcome!’ (not ‘You welcome’)
· Repose = (noun) a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility e.g., In repose her face looked relaxed.// e.g., ‘Your face is so beautiful in repose’ (^^^ for the 2nd example)./ (Verb) Be lying, situated, or kept in a particular place e.g., The diamond now reposes in the Louvre.// e.g., She reposed on the sofa (^^^ for the last example).
· Repository (vs) Depository (vs) Suppository
· Repository = (noun) a place where or receptacle in which things are or may be stored. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Documents_stacks_in_a_repository_at_The_National_Archives.jpg and https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53798babe4b0fca9449cf693/t/53f78774e4b0ce4d05e4152f/1408730997720 For the US national mine map repository See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Oldest_map.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Cruse_b.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Touchtable1.jpg /// e.g., A deep repository for nuclear waste./// A place where something, especially a natural resource, is found in significant quantities e.g., Accessible repositories of water. See https://www.tunneltalk.com/images/Yucca-Mountain/2-YuccaMountain-Fig1.jpg // (Computing) A central location in which data is stored and managed e.g., The metadata will be aggregated in a repository./// A person or thing regarded as a store of information or in which a particular quality may be found e.g., Her mind was a rich repository of the past.
· Depository = (noun) A place where things are stored. See https://harvardgazette.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/091412_depository_763_605_1.jpg For the US Bullion Depository (also known as Fort Knox) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/U.S._Bullion_Depository.jpg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bullion_Depository.TIF#/media/File:Bullion_Depository.TIF // e.g., Irish libraries became depositories for material from all over the world.
· Suppository = (medicine) A solid medical preparation in a roughly conical or cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve. For rectal suppository See (glycerin suppositories - laxative) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Glycerin_suppositories.jpg and (paracetamol suppositories) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Panadol_suppositories.jpg and http://drugsdetails.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Adult-Suppositories-Rectal.jpg and for vaginal suppository See http://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/topic_centers/VS04-insert_2016_7_12.jpg
· Receptacle = (noun) A hollow object used to contain something e.g., Fast-food receptacles.// For food trash receptacle See http://www.waste360.com/sites/waste360.com/files/Seattle-Airport_recycling_161129_082.jpg and https://indianapublicmedia.org/eartheats/files/2016/05/Korea_Waste_8073685142_96aefa925b_o-940x626.jpg and http://www.wesnic.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Food-Court-Trash-2.png /// (US English) An electrical socket. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/French-power-socket.jpg and http://www.doityourself.com/forum/attachments/electrical-ac-dc/30434d1398262547-converting-light-receptacle-outlet-electrical-outlet-plug-outlet.jpg /// (Zoology) An organ or structure which receives a secretion, eggs, sperm, etc. See /// (also known as torus) (Botany) An enlarged area at the apex of a stem on which the parts of a flower or the florets of a flower head are inserted. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Ovary_position.svg /// A structure supporting the sexual organs of some algae, mosses, and liverworts. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Fucus_spiralis_%28Faroe_stamp%29.jpg
· Mar = (transitive verb) to spoil something, making it less good or less enjoyable e.g., Sadly, the text is marred by careless errors.// e.g., It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car on the way home.// e.g., ‘I hope the fact that Mary isn't coming won't mar your enjoyment of the evening’ (*).
· Faction = (noun) a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics e.g., The left-wing faction of the party.
· Disallow (pronounced ˌdɪs.əˈlaʊ) = (verb) refuse to declare valid e.g., The judge disallowed his evidence.// e.g., The English team had two goals disallowed ((^^^) for the last example).
· Exquisite (pronounced ɪkˈskwɪz.ɪt) = (adjective) extremely beautiful and, typically, delicate e.g., An exquisite piece of china.// e.g., ‘Look at this exquisite painting’ (**) ((^^^) for the last example)./// e.g., Exquisite, jewel-like portraits./// (noun) a man who is affectedly concerned with his clothes and appearance; a dandy e.g., Using brightly colored, almost grotesque distortion of an individual's salient features, he targeted the royal family, politicians, society figures, exquisites, and charlatans.
· Pageant (pronounced ˈpadʒ(ə)nt) = (noun) a public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/T%C3%9CRKA_XIX_%C3%BCldlaulupeo_rongk%C3%A4igus_01.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/060611_Mons_%2820%29.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Anda0631.jpg and https://fedora.digitalcommonwealth.org/fedora/objects/commonwealth:gh93hf250/datastreams/access800/content // e.g., Our youngest son is taking part in the school pageant (**).
· Flinch = (verb) make a quick, nervous movement of the face or body as an instinctive reaction to surprise, fear or pain. See http://www.feelgoodhacks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/flinch1.jpeg For face flinch See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwA3IJSB-YM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op4n7tjac9M For try not to flinch challenge See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2v-ZfHbYG8 e.g., He didn't even flinch when the nurse cleaned the wound (**).
· Fumigate (pronounced ˈfjuːmɪɡeɪt) (fumigation (noun)) = (verb) Apply the fumes of certain chemicals to an area to disinfect it or to rid it of vermin. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Fumigating_Vila_Shanti.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JipzUbYgxhk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3ibfUeMFIo For tent fumigation (or ‘tenting’) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Tent_fumigation.jpg // e.g., ‘But we have already taken action by fumigating the area to prevent new cases.’
· Vermin (pronounced ˈvɜː.mɪn) = (noun) Wild mammals and birds that are believed to be harmful to crops, farm animals, or game, or that carry disease, e.g., foxes, rodents, and insect pests.// e.g., Spilt feed, litter and standing water attract wild birds and vermin.
· Irrevocably = (adverb) impossible to change e.g., An irrevocable decision (*).
· Apprehend (not to be confused with ‘reprehend’) = (verb) (with object) Arrest someone for a crime e.g., A warrant was issued but he has not been apprehended.// e.g., In any event, the appellant does not know whether anyone was apprehended in relation to the attack or not.// e.g., He was apprehended when armed police swooped on his car on the outskirts of London./// Understand or perceive e.g., We enter a field of vision we could not otherwise apprehend.// e.g., These pleasures may help us to apprehend and understand such horrors, but they can only do so if they are entertaining.// e.g., Usually applied to visual perception, gestalt psychology studies how we perceive a given scene and apprehend a whole that is always greater than the parts.
· Wriggle = (verb) twist and turn with quick writhing movements e.g., The baby was wriggling her toes in the sand (**) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhKT7ti1DIU For a Wriggle dance See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1Lo2bangnk e.g., A Wriggling worm.// (verb; no object) e.g., The puppy wriggled in his arms.// (verb with object) e.g., She wriggled her bare, brown toes./// (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Move in a particular direction with wriggling movements e.g., Sarah wriggled out of her clothes.// Wriggle out of = (verb; no object) Avoid something by devious means (devious = showing a skillful use of underhand tactics to achieve goals) e.g., Don't try and wriggle out of your contract./// (noun) A wriggling movement e.g., She gave an impatient little wriggle.
· Squabble = (noun) a noisy quarrel about something petty or trivial. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGrteeDIDtA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92W69-AMxAA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ryeKp7x-So // e.g., Family squabbles.// e.g., Tom and Susan were having a squabble about who was going to hold the dog’s lead (leash in US English) (^^^ for the last example).
· Swivel (pronounced ˈswɪv.(ə)l) = (noun) a coupling between two parts enabling one to revolve without turning the other. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Swivel_%282%29.JPG and http://img.nauticexpo.com/images_ne/photo-g/21832-381061.jpg For chain link swivel See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Swivel_%28PSF%29.pn and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Swivel_%282%29.JPG and http://stainlessdirect.co.uk/images/categories/swivel-chain-swivel.jpg // e.g., Patented swivel axle keeps all three wheels on the ground even on sharp turns.
· Snag = (noun) an unexpected or hidden obstacle or drawback e.g., We don't anticipate any snags in/with the negotiations.// e.g., The drug is very effective – the only snag is that it cannot be produced in large quantities (**) (^^^ for the last example).
· Unnecessary (adjective) – Unnecessarily (adverb).
· Edict = (noun) an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority e.g., A religious edict.// e.g., The City Council issued an edict against spitting in the street (**).
· Decree = (noun) an official order issued by a legal authority e.g., The announcement must be followed by the promulgation of a presidential decree before it becomes official policy.// e.g., More than 100 people were freed by military decree (^^ for the last example).
· Promulgate (pronounced ˈprɒm.(ə)l.ɡeɪt) = (verb) promote or make widely known an idea or cause e.g., These objectives have to be promulgated within the organization./// (noun) To announce something publicly, especially a new law e.g., The new law was finally promulgated in the fall (= autumn in US English) of last year (^^ as a noun).
· Dissent (pronounced dɪˈsent) = (noun) the expression or holding of opinions at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially held. Synonym = disagreement.// e.g., There was no dissent from this view.// e.g., When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent ((^^^) for the last example)./// (verb) Hold or express opinions that are at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially expressed e.g., Two members dissented from the majority.// e.g., Many people in Turkey try to dissent (= disagree) from the reforms of the government.
· Various (pronounced ˈveə.ri.əs) = (adjective) Many different e.g., The author has various reasons for having written the book (^^).
· Variable (pronounced ˈveə.ri.ə.bəl) = (adjective) Likely to change often e.g., A variable interest rate (^^).
· Variance (pronounced ˈveə.ri.əns) = (noun) The fact or quality of being different, divergent, or inconsistent e.g., Her light tone was at variance with her sudden trembling.// e.g., There has been some unusual variance in temperature this month (^^^).
· Vary (pronounced ˈveə.ri) (not to be confused with ‘very’) = (noun) be different e.g., The samples varied in quality, but were generally acceptable (^^).
· Variety (pronounced vəˈraɪə.ti) = (noun) the characteristic of often changing and being different e.g., Sexual reproduction serves to create genetic variety (^^).
· Tremble = (noun) A trembling feeling, movement, or sound e.g., There was a slight tremble in his voice./// (verb) Shake involuntarily, typically because of anxiety, excitement, or frailty. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7sP0U5I814 // For trembling hand on Parkinson’s disease See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPCQCjpDrB0 and (trembling writing) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Writing_by_a_Parkinson%27s_disease_patient.png // e.g., Mary was trembling with excitement.
· Trite (pronounced trʌɪt ) = (adjective) (of a remark, opinion, or idea) overused and consequently of low interest; lacking originality or freshness e.g., ‘I know it would sound trite, but I've loved being part of this club.’// e.g., Her lyrics about love and peace are too trite for me to take them seriously (^^) ((^^^) for the last example).
· Truism = (noun) a statement that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting e.g., The truism that you get what you pay for.// e.g., As far as health is concerned it is a truism that prevention is better than cure ((^^^) for the last example).
· Measuring tape (or tape measure) = a flexible ruler used to measure distance (*****). See (plastic) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Tape_measure_colored.jpeg and (self-retracting metal measure tape) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Measuring-tape.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Dual_Scale_Stanley_Tape_Measure.jpg and http://www.mattnorman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/measuring-tape.jpg
· Stopwatch = (noun) a special watch with buttons that start, stop, and then zero the hands, used to time races – See image http://stopwatch.onlineclock.net/stopwatch.jpg
· Overtake = (verb) catch up with and pass while traveling (US English – UK English: travelling) in the same direction e.g., The driver overtook a line of vehicles.
· Ram = (noun) an uncastrated male sheep. See http://www.thechairmansbao.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ram.jpg /// A battering ram. See http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/battlingram.jpg /// A beak or other projecting part of the bow of a warship, for piercing the sides of other ships. For naval ram See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Olympias.1.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Roman_naval_ram.jpg /// (also known as hydram) A hydraulic water-raising or lifting machine. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/DSCN3606-hydraulic-ram.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Roscheiderhof-lambachpumpe.jpg // e.g., Burnside Autocyl Ltd, Tullow is a European leader in the manufacture of hydraulic cylinders and rams.// The piston of a hydrostatic press e.g., In 1820 by Thomas Burr, who produced a hydraulic press with a mandrel attached to the ram.// For ram pump –See https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hydraulicrampump-141130121157-conversion-gate02/95/hydraulic-ram-pump-7-638.jpg?cb=1417349567
· Batter (pronounced ˈbatə) = (transitive verb/ intransitive verb + adverb/preposition) to hit and behave violently towards a person, especially a woman or a child, repeatedly over a period of time, or to hit something with force many times e.g., He was battered to death with a rifle butt.// e.g., The waves battered against the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.// e.g., The burglars had battered down the door of the house (^^). Battering = (noun) an act of hitting someone e.g., Baby/wife battering./// ‘Take a battering’ = (phrase) to be defeated heavily e.g., ‘Once again, our team took a battering on Sunday’ (^)./// Censure, criticize, or defeat severely or thoroughly e.g., The film took a battering from critics.// e.g., Australia hopes to attack England’s spirit, which took a battering after the first Test defeat.//// ./// (verb) (of a wall) have a receding slope e.g., The surrounding wall batters outward from bottom to top./// (mass noun) A semi-liquid mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water, used for making pancakes or for coating food before frying. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Batter_for_pancakes.jpg aand https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Crepesteig_040.jpg // e.g., Pancake batter.// (countable noun) e.g., A batter thin enough to be poured./// (US English) A mixture of ingredients for a cake e.g., ‘Combine the dry and the wet and pour the batter into the cake pans.’/// (Printing) A damaged area of metal type or a printing block e.g., Like the readings which are defective in all examined copies but were apparently correct at one time, some of these variants may be attributed to type batter./// (in various sports, especially baseball) A player who is batting. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/220px--Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.jpg // e.g., With a runner on third base and less than two outs, the batter hits a fly ball to the outfield./// A gradual backwards slope in a wall or similar structure. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Tomb_of_Ghiyasuddin_Tughlaq_and_side_tomb_%283319047170%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Philae_temple%2C_front_view.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Krak_des_chevaliers04%28js%29.jpg // e.g., The batter is an inch in for every foot of height.
· Whoop = (noun) A loud cry of joy or excitement. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JisHnlrsEHk // e.g., Before he could even wonder what she had agreed to, he heard a loud whoop of joy./// (verb) Give or make a whoop e.g., All at once, they were whooping with laughter.
· Piston = (noun) a disk or short cylinder fitting closely within a tube in which it moves up and down against a liquid or gas, used in an internal combustion engine to derive motion, or in a pump to impart motion. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Piston.gif and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Piston_of_DAT_engine.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/1830s_beam_engine_piston_with_rope_seal%2C_Coalbrookdale_Museum_of_Iron.jpg and http://www.howrah.org/images/articles/pistons/steel-piston-rod.jpg
· Feeble = (adjective) lacking physical strength, especially because of age or illness e.g., He was too feeble to leave his room./// Failing to convince or impress e.g., A feeble excuse.
· Feeble-minded = (of a person) unable to make intelligent decisions or judgments.
· Common Snook (also known as the sergeant fish or robalo) = a kind of fish (Centropomus undecimalis). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Centropomus_undecimalis1.jpg
· Cock a shook (at somebody/something) = To place one's hand so that the thumb touches one's nose and the fingers are spread out, in order to express contempt. See http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/10/31/article-0-15C72D5C000005DC-249_634x400.jpg
· Hide (pronounced hʌɪd) skin = the skin of an animal, especially when tanned or dressed. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Tanned_leather.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Finishgradingleather.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Felle_%2826726593304%29.jpg and https://cdn.decorpad.com/photos/2010/06/02/b0dff7e0f0d8.jpeg and https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1ghpyIVXXXXcwXXXXq6xXFXXXi/Large-Cow-Hide-Skin-Leather-Black-White-Carpet-Animal-Animal-Skin-Rugs-Size-36-42SQFT-.jpg // For hide skin dress See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXQ0TvYHTBNWAuN4b9erRP5aOWSENSjibFT9DlYgcZwXKBqn8Uyz5BKo4mjFO5Wrhk0eQMHXozujXGJdsNiX9PdNjGbe7IcGANkyjbag7tbEBqFJ-WgCdueCDfNupwsFuptgdN2Hk1-60/s1600/Picture+2.png
· Dam (not to be confused with ‘damn’!) = (noun) a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Glen_canyon_dam.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Roman_Cornalvo_dam%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain._Pic_01.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ee/Tarbela_Dam,_KPK,_Pakistan.jpg // (verb) To build a dam across a river in order to store water.
· Weir (pronounced wɪə(r)) = (noun) A low dam built across a river to raise the level of water upstream or regulate its flow. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/Humber_Weir.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Culverts_under_yass_river_walkway_weir.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Thorp_Gristmill_Weir.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YjZbBjJbrXc/hqdefault.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Revin_Meuse_weir_20041230-_024.jpg/220px-Revin_Meuse_weir_20041230-_024.jpg // e.g., A reduced river flows, brought about by the construction of dams, weirs, and water diversions, compound the problem.
· Beaver = (noun) A large semiaquatic broad-tailed rodent native to North America and northern Eurasia. It is noted for its habit of gnawing through trees to fell them in order to make dams. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/American_Beaver.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Castor_canadensis.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Beaver_pho34.jpg and https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--FqBo84zQ--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/1478458281490101798.jpg /// A very hard-working person e.g., Jones was a regular beaver where gardening was concerned./// (usually) beaver away = (verb; no object) (informal) Work hard e.g., Ann beavered away to keep things running smoothly./// The lower part of the face guard of a helmet in a suit of armor. The term is also used to refer to the upper part or visor, or to a single movable guard. See http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/67900/67974/67974_helm_beaver_lg.gif /// (US English) (vulgar slang) a) A woman's genitals or pubic area. b) A woman regarded in sexual terms.
· Glacier (pronounced ˈɡlæs.i.ə(r)) = (noun) a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Baltoro_glacier_from_air.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Perito_Moreno_Glacier_Patagonia_Argentina_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Quelccaya_Glacier.jpg and http://www.ducksters.com/science/earth_science/glacier_ice.jpg
· Textile (pronounced tekstʌɪl) = (adjective) of or relating to fabric or weaving. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Karachi_-_Pakistan-market.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/P1080828.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Otavalo_Artisan_Market_-_Andes_Mountains_-_South_America_-_photograph_001.JPG and http://www.solidwastedistrict.com/images/Textiles/Textiles.jpg
· Catch on = (phrasal verb) (of practice or fashion) become popular e.g., The idea of linking pay to performance has caught on./// Understand what is meant or how to do something e.g., ‘I caught on to what it was the guy was saying.’
· Conservatory = (noun) a school/college for the study of classical music or other arts (or sometimes acting and dance). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Saint_Petersburg_Conservatory.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Musikgymnasium_Schloss_Belvedere_%28Hauptansicht%29.jpg and http://seattleconservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/OrtchestraPic.jpeg /// A room with a glass roof and walls, attached to a house on one side and used as a greenhouse or a sun parlor. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Horniman_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1160684.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Tollcross_Winter_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1279172.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Pearson_Conservatory_PE-002.jpg and http://www.ultraframe-conservatories.co.uk/image/Sage%20Green%20Foils.jpg
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