· Amass = (verb with object) Gather together or accumulate a large amount or number of materials or things over a period of time e.g., His firm has amassed its billions mainly from large institutional clients and pension funds.// e.g., He amassed a fortune estimated at close to a million dollars./// (verb; no object) (archaic)Gather together in a crowd or group e.g., The soldiers were amassing from all parts of France.
· Grudge (pronounced ɡrʌdj) = (noun) a persistent feeling of ill will or resentment resulting from a past insult or injury. Synonyms: grievance, resentment, bitterness.// e.g., ‘I have never been one to hold a grudge.’// e.g., There is no point bearing grudges if you want to do well.// e.g., ‘I've never been one to hold a grudge.’/// (verb with object) Be resentfully unwilling to give or allow something e.g., He grudged the work and time that the meeting involved./// (verb with two objects, usually with negative) Feel resentful that someone has achieved something e.g., ‘I don't grudge him his moment of triumph.’
· Botch = (verb with object) (informal) Carry out a task badly or carelessly e.g., He was accused of botching the job.// e.g., A botched attempt to kill them.// e.g., The task might have been botched by a less savvy salesperson, who might have treated it like just another sales call./// (informal) A bungled task e.g., ‘I've probably made a botch of things.’// e.g., The implementation process has been a saga of one botch-up after another.// e.g., Something tells us that the remake is going to be a botch.
· Bungle = (verb) carry out a task clumsily or incompetently e.g., He had bungled every attempt to help. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44fjxT9SzoA // e.g., A bungled bank raid.// e.g., ‘We must have botched the first task because we've certainly bungled the second.’/// (usually as an adjective bungling) = (verb; no object) Make or be prone to making many mistakes e.g., The work of a bungling amateur.// e.g., His political career is plagued with bungling mistakes, places where he stuck his neck out only to have his head chopped off./// (noun) A mistake or badly carried out action e.g., A government bungle over state pensions.
· Bungler = (noun) a person who habitually bungles things; an amateur. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfiI9NibBmE // e.g., The government is evidently a bunch of bunglers.// e.g., ‘My experience is that they are such bunglers that such an offer would be highly irrelevant.’
· Acrimonious = (adjective) (typically of speech or discussion) angry and bitter e.g., An acrimonious dispute about wages.// e.g., There has also been a shift away from acrimonious court proceedings.// e.g., Questions were raised about cost, in an atmosphere that grew increasingly acrimonious.
· Budge = (verb) (usually with negative) make or cause to make the slightest movement.// (verb; no object) e.g., The queue in the bank hasn't budged.// (verb with object) e.g., ‘I couldn't budge the door.’// e.g., ‘My hand pressed against the smooth panel of the oak door, and it budged slowly.’/// ‘Budge up’ or ‘budge over’ (US English) = (informal) (verb; no object) make room for another person by moving e.g., ‘Budge up, boys, make room for your uncle.’// e.g., ‘I budged up next to him so that I could look through the window.’/// (usually with modal) Change an opinion.// (verb; no object) e.g., She wouldn't budge on her decision.
· Moot = (adjective) subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty e.g., Whether the temperature rise was mainly due to the greenhouse effect was a moot point.// e.g., Still, it's a moot point and one that lawyers will enjoy debating if they're given a chance./// Having little or no practical relevance; e.g., The whole matter is becoming increasingly moot.// e.g., ‘But now it's a moot point - the tickets have been sold, and I'm not going.’/// (verb with object) Raise a question or topic for discussion; suggest an idea or possibility e.g., The scheme (pronounced skiːm) was first mooted last September.// e.g., The proposals were mooted at a heated meeting in Wexford yesterday afternoon./// (noun) (Historical) An assembly held for debate, especially in Anglo-Saxon and medieval times e.g., After the mid-16th century Reformation, when religious guilds were dissolved, it was used as a market cross and as a moot hall./// A regular gathering of people having a common interest e.g., Get to know as many people in the Pagan community as you can by going to moots, meetings, camps, festivals and so on./// (Law) A mock judicial proceeding set up to examine a hypothetical case as an academic exercise e.g., The object of a moot is to provide practice in developing an argument./// Moot court = a mock court at which law students argue hypothetical cases for practice. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFl1IEBoFAE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVeIEUAW_8Y
· Stride = (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Walk with long, decisive steps in a specified direction. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOBFwYognFI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GncEzCP87x0 For sprint stride See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1wYbQ1-rmw For horse stride See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJ5IqlwqoNc For bicycle stride See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mofVoiMl9GM // e.g., She strode across the road./// (figurative) e.g., We are striding confidently towards the future.// (verb with object) Walk about or along a street or other place with long, decisive steps e.g., A man striding the cobbled streets./// Stride across/over= (verb; no object) cross an obstacle with one long step e.g., We've seen the training videos, where the long, lean figure in flowing robes strides across a desert landscape, a Kalashnikov (My comment: most of you know this rifle as AK-47) under arm./// (literary) (verb with object) Bestride (= Stand astride over; straddle). (see below) e.g., New wealth enabled Britain to stride the world once more.// (Noun) A long, decisive step e.g., She crossed the room in a couple of strides./// (in singular) The length of a step or manner of taking steps in walking or running e.g., The horse shortened its stride.// e.g., He followed her with an easy stride./// One's stride = a) A step or stage in progress towards an aim e.g., Great strides have been made towards equality. b) A good or regular rate of progress, especially after a slow or hesitant start e.g., The speaker was getting into his stride./// Strides (UK English) (informal) = trousers./// (as modifier) Denoting or relating to a rhythmic style of jazz piano playing in which the left hand alternately plays single bass notes on the downbeat and chords an octave higher on the upbeat. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tGQ6DfG3Tw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiWNBpnJfr8 // e.g., She is a noted stride pianist./// ''Break (one's) stride'' = (phrase) slow or interrupt the pace at which one walks or moves e.g., David scored from 20 yards without breaking stride./// ''Match someone stride for stride'' = (phrase) manage to keep up with a competitor e.g., Bargain basement Newry matched their high price rivals stride for stride./// ''Take something in one's stride'' = (phrase) deal with something difficult or unpleasant in a calm and accepting way e.g., ‘I told her what had happened, and she took it all in her stride.’
· Bestride (pronounced bɪˈstraɪd (bestride – bestrode – bestridden) = (verb with object) Stand astride over; straddle.// For bestriding a horse See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gK8IOsYuwE // e.g., He bestrode me, defending my prone body.// (figurative) e.g., Creatures that bestride the dividing line between amphibians and reptiles.// Sit astride on e.g., He bestrode his horse with the easy grace of a born horseman./// Dominate e.g., He bestrides Nick’s politics today.
· Stroll = (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Walk in a leisurely way e.g., ‘I strolled around the city.’/// See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IS2NM8GKlyA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSLdPiWzFgI /// (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Achieve a sporting victory without effort e.g., The horse strolled home by 13 lengths.// e.g., Bingley Congs knocked over visitors for 80 and strolled to an eight-wicket victory./// (Noun) A short leisurely walk e.g., We took a stroll in the garden./// A victory or objective that is easily achieved e.g., Their supporters can barely rouse themselves for regulation home league wins achieved at a stroll.
· Amble = (noun) A walk at a slow, relaxed pace, especially for pleasure. For a riverside amble See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTN7Lr616j8 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Zs8Ugyh3NU // e.g., A peaceful riverside amble./// (verb) Walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace e.g., They ambled along the riverbank.
· Stride = (irregular verb usually + adverb or preposition) (Stride– strode – stridden) To walk somewhere quickly with long steps e.g., He strode across/into/out of the room.// e.g., He strode purposefully up the desk and demanded to speak to the manager (^^) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFUc0HljiDM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AFHRVUpY60
· Strider = (noun) a) One who strides. b) An insect called water strider. Source: https://enwiktionary.org/wiki/strider
· Ramble = (verb no object) Walk for pleasure in the countryside. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBiJDmkpZQc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD8en_MRL6E // e.g., ‘I spent most of my spare time in Scotland rambling and climbing.’/// (verb with object) e.g., As a boy I rambled the fells around Dent./// Talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way e.g., Mary rambled on about Norman archways.// e.g., ‘I've rambled on far too much, but only because I warmed to the subject as I was writing about it.’/// (of a plant) Put out long shoots and grow over walls or other plants. See http://www.bikepacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/180106-socal-desert-ramble_057.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lNi0O-tl2Q and http://www.all-my-favourite-flower-names.com/images/Fotolia_37354196_XS.jpg // e.g., Roses climbed, rambled, hung over walls./// (noun) A walk taken for pleasure in the countryside e.g., After the country ramble, it's time to return to the urban reality of the studio proper overlooking the Brixton Road.
· Rambling = (adjective) Too long & confused e.g., A long rambling speech./// (adjective) Large and spreading out in many different directions e.g., A rambling rose/ old house./// (noun) The activity of going for long walks in the countryside./// Ramblings = (noun; plural) Long and confused speech or writing (*).
· Shimmer (pronounced ˈʃɪm.ə(r)) = (verb; no object) Shine with a soft, slightly wavering light. For shimmering candlelight See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aNeLe0zb4o For shimmering Sea See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c2yMeZYGlY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kIOCr6AeWw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej0rXF-EWYo // e.g., The sea shimmered in the sunlight.// e.g., A shimmering candlelight./// (Noun) A soft, slightly wavering light e.g., A pale shimmer of moonlight.
· Bust (pronounced bʌst) = (noun) a woman's chest as measured around her breasts. See https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/fitness-girl-sporty-woman-measuring-her-bust-size-isolated-chest-measurement-tape-white-background-41517296.jpg // e.g., A 36-inch bust./// A woman's breasts especially considered concerning their size e.g., A woman with big hips and a big bust./// A sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest. See https://www.ancientsculpturegallery.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/0f396e8a55728e79b48334e699243c07/e/1/e145_1.jpg and http://store.metmuseum.org/content/ebiz/themetstore/invt/06060289/06060289_02_l.jpg // e.g., The room was decorated with fine 18th-century art, sculptures and busts of previous political figures./// (verb with object) (informal) Break, split, or burst e.g., They bust the tunnel wide open.// (figurative) The film bust every box office record./// (verb; no object) e.g., The color control had bust./// Bust up = (verb; no object) (of a group or couple) separate, typically after a quarrel e.g., ‘Now they've busted up, she won't inherit the house.’// e.g., ‘I got a big head, and couldn't handle it; then my marriage busted up and I almost went nuts.’/// Violently disrupt e.g., Men hired to bust up union rallies./// (US English) Strike violently e.g., He bust him in the eye.// e.g., His nose had dried blood all over it, and his lips were busted open./// Bust out = (verb; no object) escape e.g., He busted out of prison.// (verb; no object) (in blackjack and similar card games) exceed the score of 21, so losing one's stake./// (US English) (of the police) Raid or search premises where illegal activity is suspected e.g., My flat got busted.// e.g., In August 2001, the Delhi Police busted an illegal international exchange in Jalal Vihar.// e.g., On February 10, 2000, Montreal police busted the club./// Arrest e.g., Three roadies were busted for drugs.// e.g., A couple of employees in the postal dept. have already been busted for taking out credit cards in student and faculty names.// e.g., The police busted him because they think he's involved with a terrorist group ((^^^) for the last example).
· Roadie = (noun) (informal) a person employed by a touring band of musicians to set up and maintain equipment. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp4-vni6Dr8 // e.g., He looked a bit like a roadie for a heavy metal band.// One night, the band ordered some Indian food, and a whole bunch of it spilled on the floor and I asked the roadies to please clean it up./// A cyclist who rides a road bike or is fanatical about road biking. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDI1plafXYU // e.g., Paul's a roadie making his first foray into mountain biking./// (verb; no object) (informal) Work as a roadie for a band e.g., Tom used to roadie for Ten Years After.
· Fell = (transitive verb) To cut down a tree. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIBeL-3RB1U and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Teb2bQsqx44 // e.g., A great number of trees were felled to provide space for grazing./// To knock someone down, especially in sports e.g., He eventually felled his opponent with a punch to the head./// (noun) (literary or obsolete) Evil or Cruel.// A hill or other area of high land, especially in Northwest England (^^).
· Rapport (pronounced ræpˈɔːr) (not to be confused with ‘report’) = (noun) A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas and communicate well e.g., She was able to establish a good rapport with the children.// e.g., She had an instant rapport with animals.// e.g., ‘However, there was a point at which I seemed to establish a rapport with a rather sexy man on the dance floor.’// (mass noun) e.g., There was little rapport between them.
· Anecdote (pronounced ˈanɪkdəʊt) = (noun) A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person e.g., Told anecdotes about his job.// e.g., He exemplified his point with an anecdote.// e.g., Relying on argument or anecdote for their appeal, these books included only a handful of indifferently reproduced black-and-white plates.
· Anecdotal (pronounced ˌanɪkˈdəʊtl) = (adjective) (Of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research e.g., While there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact.// e.g., The evidence so far is anecdotal rather than statistical, but the trend can't be denied. (My comment as a medic: in science we use this word to refer to evidence that is not published and is not based on research).
· Medic = (noun) (UK English) (informal) A doctor or a medical student./// (US English) Someone who does medical work in the military (^^). [My comment as a ‘medic,’ with the meaning of doctor: most people who play naïve airsoft games or video games or watch war movies presume that when someone calls a ‘medic,’ in case a fighter is injured that ‘medic’ is a doctor (‘physician’ in US English). But in fact, they aren’t! At war, doctors offer first aid at military hospitals or in special ‘surgery’ vehicles or (I rarely guess today) tents at military camps, as it is stupid to have them armed, fighting with the other soldiers. In fact, all these ‘medics’ in WWII we watch the movies were male nurses (‘murses’ in US slang). Strikingly, the cross on their helmet made them easy targets for the Japanese who deliberately sought to kill them! In WWII, medics could stop bleeding, but in the field, they could do nothing for trunk injuries with significant bleeding. Then, their only reserve was to give to the injured warrior morphine (an opioid painkiller) to die in peace! It is said that at Pearl Harbor most of the casualties died in the hospital from the sedative dose of benzodiazepines that I guess they gave them to treat pain. In fact sedatives and tranquilizers in high doses don't only suppress and even cease breathing, but also decrease blood pressure causing even death to a victim with already low blood pressure from bleeding. However, some say that these claims may be exaggerated and evidence is anecdotal. You may read a relevant scientific article on https://sofia.medicalistes.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/Thiopentone_at_Pearl_Harbor.pdf In the US civil war, the easy way to treat a mangled (or suffering severe frostbite) extremity (leg or arm) was to amputate it. Contrary, today surgeons amputate extremities to a less extent than in the past, as surgical techniques (especially microsurgery, as well as ''flaps'') have been improved. I am not a surgeon, but I have attained many emergency medicine courses. ATLS gives instructions to treat trauma (= injured), patients. But in real life, I guess that at war only patients with extremity injuries or minor to moderate trunk trauma may stand a better chance of surviving, as trunk (= main body) injuries at combat are usually lethal unless the victim is transferred fast to the hospital with a helicopter. High mortality in combat scene occurs because soldiers use rifles with high velocity and bullets with a large caliber that is far more lethal than urban ‘street guns.’ I recall a suggestion in an emergency medicine textbook saying that when at battle a soldier that has been shot (especially if the injury involves the trunk) and has no pulse (although some suggest that we do the same even for unresponsive patients), the soldier may be considered dead or ‘expected’ to tie (the 'triage' color then is, of course, blue and ominous). This is especially important to ‘medics’ or paramedics who have to triage (= quickly examine and decide who must be treated first) multiple casualties on the scene! Trauma not related to war (i.e., in urban conditions) is usually associated with road traffic accident or gun shooting (common in the US) or knife stabbing (common in the UK) or fall. Often it is blunt, not sharp, so in some cases, it may be easier to treat than a penetrating trauma. For instance, a tension pneumothorax caused by chest injury may be easily decompressed by placing a needle on the chest! Moreover, the victim can be transferred fast to hospital facilities. On the contrary, at war, this may not be feasible. This may sometimes not be feasible even in urban conditions, as ''safety comes first'' (for example on a terror attack where the paramedics wait the police to clear the area before they search for victims). Injuries at war are usually from sharp objects that penetrate the body or such as bullets, bombs, artillery shells, shrapnel (= fragments of a bomb, shell, or other object is thrown out by an explosion) or projectiles. Consequently, a patient with chest or abdominal trauma may die fast from massive bleeding (exsanguination), unless transferred very fast to the operation room (OR) for surgery. Extremity (= arm and leg) injuries may be dealt better. You may recall the movies where Sylvester Stallone as soldier stopped his bleeding with a tourniquet, i.e., tying it with a strip of cloth! But when an injury involves major arteries, it may soon cause death, if not treated promptly. A surgeon may use clips or surgical forceps to handle significant bleeding. However, manual books say that firm pressure on the artery, even with a single finger, may efficiently stop the bleeding!]
· Exemplify (pronounced ɪɡˈzem.plɪ.faɪ) (the noun is exemplification) = (verb) To be or give a typical example of something e.g., The painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time (^^) // e.g., The best dry sherry is exemplified by the fine of Jerez.// e.g., Rock bands that best exemplify the spirit of the age.// e.g., This status is exemplified by the current consultation exercise to draw up a national plan for health /// Illustrate or clarify by giving an example e.g., He exemplified his point with an anecdote.// e.g., An illustration of the expansion is exemplified in the following Senior Steward's experience./// (Law) Make an attested copy of a document under an official seal e.g., This is the principal of moral retribution, exemplified (in criminal law) by Kant's dictum about the moral necessity of executing even the last murderer.
· Array (pronounced əˈreɪ) = (noun) an impressive display or range of a particular type of thing. For an array of clothes See http://seekwisdomwords.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/IMG_0122.jpg and http://www.travelagewest.com/uploadedImages/All_Gateways/ASPAC/Asia/Chatuchak_SQ.jpg // e.g., There is a vast array of literature on the topic.// e.g., A bewildering array of choices./// An ordered series or arrangement e.g., Several arrays of solar panels will help provide power.// e.g., The lens focuses light on to an array of pixels./// An arrangement of troops. See http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/01/23/17/307E213F00000578-0-image-a-131_1453568596676.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/01/23/17/307E213F00000578-0-image-a-131_1453568596676.jpg // e.g., ‘I shall have my men drawn up here in battle array ready to come to your help.’// e.g., His legionnaires marched in full battle array, incorporated an advance guard, and maintained tactical integrity on the move./// (Mathematics) An arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; a matrix./// (Computing) An indexed set of related elements e.g., The new sensor allows the user to communicate with each sensor element of the array by computer./// (literary) (mass noun) Elaborate or beautiful clothing.// e.g., He was clothed in fine array./// (Law) A list of jurors impaneled./// (verb with object and adverbial of place) Display or arrange things in a particular way e.g., The manifesto immediately divided the forces arrayed against him./// Be arrayed in = (verb with object) dress someone in the clothes specified e.g., They were arrayed in Hungarian national dress./// (Law) (verb with object) Impanel a jury.
· Larder (pronounced ˈladə) = (noun) a room or large cupboard for storing food. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Larder.jpg and https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/sites/default/files/lead-image.jpg and http://assets.venuemob.com.au/venues/richmond-hill-cafe-and-larder/photos/richmond-hill-cafe-and-larder-function-venues-entire-venue-3.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/03/25/22/2677A16100000578-3011701-image-a-2_1427321745587.jpg // e.g., My father mentions that there is plenty of food in the larder, so they don't have to worry about supplies.
· Pantry = (noun) a small room or cupboard in which food, crockery, and cutlery are kept. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Museu_Rom%C3%A0ntic_Can_Papiol_%28Vilanova_i_la_Geltr%C3%BA%29_-_8.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/17_03_278_little_white_house.jpg and http://www.graceastoria.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Food-Pantry.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Residential-pantry.jpg/220px-Residential-pantry.jpg and http://www.hoffmanestates.org/Home/ShowImage?id=5009&t=636141094485470000 and http://cf.sugarfreemom.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/pantryIndex.jpg // e.g., He walked through the ignoble arch that separated the kitchen from the living room and took some bread from the pantry.
· Ignoble (pronounced ɪɡˈnəʊ.bəl) = (adjective) Not honorable in character or purpose e.g., Many South Africans are apparently wary of what they see as ignoble intentions by profit-hungry American drug companies.// e.g. Ignoble feelings of intense jealousy.// e.g., There is also a strong message that vengeance is ignoble, and sacrificing oneself for any higher cause is honorable./// Of humble origin or social status e.g., Travelers from Marco Polo onwards had created rich and often fanciful literature depicting the lives of noble and ignoble savages in varying states of nature.// e.g., Tarzan has no black characters, not even servants, neither noble nor ignoble savages.
· Bewilder (pronounced bɪˈwɪldə) = (verb with object) cause someone to become perplexed and confused e.g., ‘I was bewildered by his sudden change of mood.’/// e.g., Questions like these will bewilder historians - and novelists - for decades to come.// e.g., Most of his friends were bewildered by his change of direction, and he was alienated from all but the most loyal.
· Grumpy = (adjective) easily annoyed and complaining. For a grumpy old man https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jjbi3gfScLM For a grumpy baby See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YY4SV2c09SE e.g., I hadn't had enough sleep and was feeling kind of grumpy (*).// e.g., His performance as the grumpy gateman.// e.g., He's grumpy because he hasn't heard from you.// e.g., ‘Some news stories make me feel like a grumpy old man but I think I'm justified here.’
· Surly (vs) Slurry
· Surly (pronounced səːli) (not to be confused with ‘slurry’) = (adjective) bad-tempered and unfriendly e.g., The porter left with a surly expression.// e.g., Some that have met him have found him temperamental and surly.// e.g., He gave me a surly look.// e.g., We were served by a very surly waiter (^^^ for the last 2 examples).
· Slurry (pronounced slʌri)(not to be confused with ‘surly’) = (mass noun) a semi-liquid mixture, typically of fine particles of manure, cement, or coal and water. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/High_angle.jpg and http://www.envirosystems.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/IMG_4011BS.jpg and https://aarondembskibowden.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/em_slurry2.jpg and http://croninagri.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/409x473_slurry.png// e.g., Clay slurry./// (countable noun) A slurry of ore and water.// e.g., The tankers are capable of sucking out waste, sludge, and slurry from a depth of eight meters in absolutely no time.
· Slur (pronounced sləː) = (verb with object) Speak words indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another e.g., He was slurring his words like a drunk. For slurring speech See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ONWyWAdpQk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q47M250XYU (My comment as a medic: slurring speech on a patient suffering a head injury is an indication of the severity of the trauma (injury). In fact, the form of speech (including the absence of speech or groans – especially on painful stimuli) is taken into consideration on the Glasgow Coma Scale that assesses the patient’s neurological status).// e.g., ‘I have not seen such a drunken shambles for ages - he was really struggling, slurring his words, the lot.’/// (verb; no object) (of words or speech) Be slurred e.g., His speech was beginning to slur./// Pass over a fact or aspect so as to conceal or minimize it e.g., Essential attributes are being slurred over or ignored./// (Music) Perform a group of two or more notes legato. See http://www.skyleapmusic.com/beginning-clarinet-songbook/BCSBLesson09/ImagesBCSBLesson09/BCSBL09Slurs101.jpg // e.g., A group of slurred notes./// Mark notes with a slur./// (US English) Make damaging or insulting insinuations or allegations about e.g., ''I was not trying to slur the integrity of the committee.''// e.g., It is insulting and wrong and slurs both the residents and management of the house in question./// (Noun) An insinuation or allegation about someone that is likely to insult them or damage their reputation e.g., The comments were a slur on staff at the hospital.// e.g., ‘It has been a slur on my character, and I take that very seriously indeed.’/// A derogatory (= showing disapproval or no respect (^^)) or insulting term applied to a particular group of people e.g., A racial slur.// e.g., He repeats a tirade of ethnic slurs./// An act of speaking indistinctly so that sounds or words run into one another or a tendency to speak in such a way e.g., There was a trace of a slur in his voice./// (Music) A curved line used to show that a group of two or more notes are to be sung to one syllable or played or sung legato. See http://www.musicreadingsavant.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Tie-and-Slur.png
· Sludge = (noun) soft, wet soil or a substance that looks like this. See http://www.bhs-sonthofen.de/fileadmin/_processed_/csm_Kopfbild_3.7.6_Konditionieren-von-Schlaemmen_f7504ee73d.jpg and https://theprairieecologist.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/enpo111010_d0301.jpg // e.g., ‘We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee – deep in sludge’ (*).
· Tirade (pronounced tʌɪˈreɪd) = (noun) a long, angry speech of criticism or accusation. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XA_Qd2QX8ps and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lm3pX7SAkpM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGKbFA7HW-U // e.g., A tirade of abuse.// e.g., ‘Every week, just like all of you, we follow Aaron on his rants and tirades, and so we just couldn't let another issue go out without us getting our own say.’// e.g., In a furious tirade of abuse, the opposition spokesman demanded the minister’s resignation (^^^ for the last example) // e.g., Their obese son can't open his mouth without a tirade of abuse and their daughter has retreated into herself.// e.g., His crime was to have pushed over a cabinet minister in response to a tirade of abuse during a heated debate.
· Busk (pronounced bʌsk) = (verb with object) Play music in the street or another public place for voluntary donations. (My comment: The people who busk are called buskers). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tv6KgObL8EY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqwWUNZlTOA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpOFctL1NAQ // e.g., The group began by busking on Philadelphia sidewalks.// e.g., Years of busking had taught him how to hold a crowd./// Busk it = (informal) improvise e.g., The dice tells us to write a song and busk it in public the following day.
· Rant = (verb; no object) speak or shout at length in an angry, impassioned way. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGKbFA7HW-U // e.g., He was still ranting on about the unfairness of it all.// e.g., He ranted about my disregard for the law and my campaign to drive music retailers out of business./// (noun) A spell of ranting; a tirade (see above) e.g., His rants against organized religion./// ‘Rant and rave’ = (phrase) shout and complain angrily and at length e.g., ‘Stop ranting and raving for a minute and start being honest with yourself.’
· Retailer = (verb) A person, shop, or business that sells goods to the public e.g., A big electronics retailer (^^).
· Rave (pronounced reɪv) = (verb; no object) Talk incoherently, as if one were delirious or mad e.g., ‘Damn it! I must seem like I'm raving like a lunatic about the red menace.’ // Anna's having hysterics and raving about a ghost./// Address someone in an angry, uncontrolled way e.g., This is a cell phone text message left by the guy where he starts ranting and raving.// (with direct speech) e.g., ‘Never mind how he feels!’ Melissa raved./// Speak or write about someone or something with great enthusiasm or admiration e.g., New York's critics raved about the acting.// e.g., Players and coaches raved about what a wonderful place it was to work./// (informal) Attend a rave party e.g., They used to rave together./// (noun) (informal) (usually as modifier) An extremely enthusiastic recommendation or appraisal e.g. Their tour received rave reviews.// e.g., Her physique drew raves from the audience, which included a strong following for her./// A person or thing that inspires intense and widely shared enthusiasm e.g., Last year raves are back for a live performance.// e.g., ‘Our fave rave vampire doesn't make an appearance until rather late in the game.’/// A lively party involving dancing and drinking e.g., Their annual fancy-dress rave./// A very large party or similar event with dancing to loud, fast electronic music. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Sven_Vath_playing_at_Amnesia.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/OZORA_Festival.jpg // (as modifier) e.g., Rave culture./// (mass noun) Electronic dance music of the kind played at a rave. (My comment: actually, it was in fashion during the 1990’s. Now it is ‘dated’!) See http://cdn.static-economist.com/sites/default/files/images/print-edition/P/20130817_BRP006_1.jpg // e.g., The album is a ten-track journey through rave and techno (music)./// (noun) A rail of a cart./// Raves = a permanent or removable framework added to the sides of a cart to increase its capacity.// See https://images.bigcartel.com/theme_images/15656386/IMG_4904.JPG and http://www.hansenwheel.com/store/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/r/a/rave_framed_springwagon_2.jpg
· Fave = (adjective) (informal) favorite (US English) (‘favourite’ in UK English) e.g., ‘Does anyone want a sweet?’ Ooh thanks, they’re my faves!’
· Shopping cart (US English) = a shopping trolley. See http://dianascimone.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d6a8353ef016303f3138d970d-pi and https://smallbiztrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ShoppingCart-850x476.jpg // e.g., Pedestrians milled about with grocery bags and shopping carts.
· Appraise = (verb) to examine someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs e.g., At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their own performance.// e.g., In cooperation with other professionals, social workers will appraise the individual’s needs (*)./// e.g., Some companies are considering team appraisals instead of appraising individuals.// e.g., Staff may be appraised both upon the quantity of the calls made or received and conformity to the script./// Assess the value or quality of e.g., There is a need to appraise existing techniques.// e.g., She cast an appraising eye over the notes./// (US English) (in the UK the word ‘value’ is used instead) to give a judgment about how much money something might be sold for ((*) for the US meaning) // e.g. The ring was appraised at $20,000.// e.g., They appraised the painting at £200,000./// Appraisee = a person who is being appraised ((*) for appraisee).
· Shamble = (verb) to walk slowly and awkwardly, without lifting your feet correctly. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aWX2Qx6dRc For shambling zombies See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7pjixy-ORk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jghl9FS_KF4 // e.g., Sick patients shambled along the hospital corridors.// e.g., He was a strange, shambling figure (*)
· Shambles = (noun) a state of confusion, bad organization, or untidiness, or something that is in this state. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TINlJzlhhM8 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIPv411Mq3M and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJZ9ZR2aMR8 // For a house in shambles See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC7Jr5CSkUI and http://www.studentprintz.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ms.tornado01.jpg // e.g., After the party, the house was a total/ complete shambles.// e.g., Our economy is in a shambles.// e.g., ‘The way these files are arranged is the biggest shambles I have ever seen’ (*).
· Truculent (pronounced trʌkjʊl(ə)nt) = (adjective) eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant e.g., The truculent attitude of farmers to cheaper imports.// e.g., ‘He was very argumentative and truculent, and when I tried to calm him down, I noticed something strange.’// e.g., I find him truculent and most unpleasant (^^^ for the last example) // e.g., The truculent aggression and stiff-necked unilateralism of both teams are already well known.
· Stiff-necked = (adjective) Haughty and stubborn e.g., Stiff-necked pride.// e.g., We look back at the stiff-necked Victorians with a smug sense of superiority.// e.g., But if the stiff-necked transgressors cannot be persuaded, they can be cowed and conquered.
· Haughty (pronounced ˈhɔːti) = (adjective) (haughtier – haughtiest) Arrogantly superior and disdainful e.g., A look of haughty disdain.// e.g., A haughty British aristocrat.// e.g., He would be stuck up, haughty and stubborn most likely, but she knew that he was in her immediate future.
· Cow (pronounced kaʊ) (as a verb) = (verb with object) Cause someone to submit to one’s wishes by intimidation e.g., The intellectuals had been cowed into silence.// e.g., Another alternative is to be cowed into silence by social intimidation.// e.g., ‘Don't cow me down if you don't agree, just state your point and we will agree to disagree.’
· Redneck = (noun) (mainly US English) (informal) a poor white person without education, especially one living in the countryside in the southern US who has prejudiced (= unfair and unreasonable) ideas and beliefs (^^).
· Teamster = (noun) (US English) Someone (in the US) who drives a truck as a job. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Truckdriver.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/HK_Shek_Tong_Tsui_Des_Voeux_Road_West_Bus_KMB_MAN_FE360_A.JPG
· Education & students (US & UK)
· Nursery school (or preschool or kindergarten in UK English) = a school for children between the ages of 2 – 5 (^^).
· Kindergarten = (mainly US English) the 1st year of school, for children aged 5./// Nursery school (UK English) (mentioned above).
· Primary school (or elementary school or grade school in US English or elementary school in old-fashioned UK English; or junior school in UK English) = a school for children between the ages of 5 – 11 (^^).// (US English) a school for the first four to six grades, and usually including kindergarten.
· Junior school (or junior high school in US English) = (US English) a school in the US for students aged 12 – 15./// (UK English) a school in the UK for students aged 7 – 11 (^^).
· High school (or high (informal)) (or senior high school in US English if there is a junior high school) = (US English) a school in the US for students aged 14 – 18, or from 16 – 18 if there is a junior high school (^^).
· Charter school = (in North America) a publicly funded independent school, established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with local or national authority.
· Freshman (or frosh (informal)) = (noun) (US English) a student in the 1st year of high school, college, or university (^^).
· Sophomore = (noun) (US English) a student studying in the 2nd year of a course that lasts for 4 years at a US high school, or college (^^).
· Junior = (noun) (US English) a student studying in the 3rd year of a course at a US school or college (^^).
· Senior = (noun) (US English) a student in their final year of high school or university (^^).
· Carnal = (adjective) relating to the physical feelings and wants of the body e.g., Carnal desires (*).
· Curmudgeon (pronounced kəːˈmʌdʒ(ə)n) = (noun) an old person who is often in a bad mood. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14njUwJUg1I // e.g., ‘But he's a crusty old curmudgeon, and I never hanker much to have him around.’// e.g., ‘I took the thing seriously, and I let every mean-fisted curmudgeon and crazy fanatic worry me, and keep me on pins and needles’ (*) // e.g., This is not good for anybody, except for a few curmudgeons and people who are embittered by nothing more than their own bitterness.// e.g., Aside from regular updates from the future, the curmudgeon began his blogging career with a series of planetary profiles packed with references that are both esoteric and Aesopian.
· Mash = (verb) to crush food, usually after cooking it, so that it forms a soft mas e.g., Mash the potatoes and then mix in the butter and herbs./// (US English) (informal) To violently crash part of a body or an object e.g., His face was badly mashed up in the accident./// (Noun) Mashed potatoes e.g., Sausage and mash (*).// See https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/10/30/dining/30COOKING-MASHEDPOTATOES1/30COOKING-MASHEDPOTATOES1-superJumbo.jpg
· Labor Day = International Workers' Day = 1 May (worldwide) – But in the US and Canada, it is celebrated on the first Monday in September.
· Cast = (Noun) the actors in a film, play, or show e.g., After the final performance the director threw a party for the cast.// e.g., Part of the movie's success lies in the strength of the supporting cast./// An object made by pouring hot liquid into a container and leaving it to become solid. See https://www.lavenderhillcolours.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/DSC04262.jpg /// A plaster cast. See https://i0.wp.com/boneandspine.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/above-knee-plaster-cast.jpg and http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45472000/jpg/_45472153_plastercast.jpg /// (irregular verb: cast – cast (past simple) – cast (p.p.)) (transitive Verb) To choose actors to play particular parts in a play, film, or show e.g., He was often cast as the villain.// e.g., In her latest movie, he was cast against type./// (Figurative) e.g., They like to cast the opposing political party as (= to say that they are) the party of high taxes./// (transitive usually + adverb/ preposition) To send light or shadow in a particular direction; e.g., The moon casts a white light into the room. // e.g., The tree cast a shadow over her face./// ''Cast light on something'' = to explain a situation or problem, or information that makes it easier to understand e.g., The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct./// ''Cast a look, glance, smile etc.'' = to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction e.g., He cast a quick look in the rear mirror of his car./// ''Cast an/your eye over something'' = to look quickly at something e.g., ‘Could you cast an eye over this report for me?’ /// (transitive verb + adverb/preparation) (literary) To throw something e.g., The knight cast the sword far out into the lake./// (intransitive or transitive) (in fishing) To throw something, such as a line, into the water to catch fish with e.g., He cast the line to the middle of the river. /// ''Cast doubt/ suspicion on somebody/ something'' = to make people feel less sure about or have less trust in something or someone e.g., New evidence has cast doubt on the guilty verdict./// ''Cast aspersions on somebody/ something'' = to criticize or make damaging remarks or judgments about someone or something e.g., His opponents cast aspersions on his patriotism.// e.g., ‘I don't think anyone is casting aspersions on you.’// e.g., While stressing that he was not ‘casting aspersions on anyone’, he called for an external examination of the matter. ''Cast your mind back'' = to try to remember e.g., ‘If you cast your mind back, you might recall that I never promised to go.’/// ''Cast a/your vote'' = to vote e.g., All the votes in the election have now been cast, and the counting has begun./// (transitive verb) To make an object by pouring hot liquid, such as melted metal, into a shaped container where it becomes hard./// ''Cast a spell'' = to use words thought to be magic, especially in order to have an effect on someone e.g., The old woman cast a spell on the prince and he turned into a frog!/// (Figurative) e.g., ‘When I was seventeen, jazz cast its spell on me’ (= I started to like it very much)./// (transitive verb) (For a snake) If a snake casts its skin, the outer layer of old skin comes off its body (*). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWXn1lEKsu0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seCCpYM14Do and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyC_FQ9AqA4
· Against type = (acting; theatre or cinema) play a different character than the one he usually played or might be expected to play.
· Typecast = to always give an actor the same type of character to play, usually because he/she is suited to that type of part e.g., She soon found herself typecast as a dizzy blonde (*).
· Mount = (intransitive verb) To gradually increase, rise, or get bigger e.g., The children's excitement is mounting as Xmas gets nearer.// e.g., Tension was mounting as the minutes went by.// e.g., They worked harder and harder as the debts mounted./// (intransitive or transitive verb) To get on a horse, bicycle, etc. in order to ride e.g., He mounted his horse and rode off.// e.g., He took the bicycle, mounted it, and rode to the station./// (transitive verb) To go up or onto e.g., He mounted the platform and began to speak to the assembled crowd./// (formal) e.g., Queen Elizabeth II mounted the throne (= became queen) in 1952./// (transitive verb) To organize and begin an activity or event e.g., To mount an attack/ campaign/ challenge/ protest/ an exhibition/ display./// (transitive verb) To fix something to a wall, in a frame, etc., so that it can be looked at or used e.g., The children's work has been mounted on colored paper and put up on the walls of the classroom./// e.g., The surveillance camera is mounted above the main door./// (transitive verb) To place someone on guard; e.g., Sentries are mounted outside the palace at all times./// ''Mount guard on/over somebody'' = to guard someone e.g., Armed security officers are employed to mount guard over the president./// (noun) A horse e.g., An excellent mount for a child./// Something, such as a piece of card, that you put something on to show it e.g., A black mount for this picture would look good./// (noun) Used as part of the name of a mountain e.g., Mount Everest.// e.g., Mount Sinai (in Egypt) (* except for the example with the bicycle).
· Rig = (verb with object) Provide a sailing boat with sails and rigging. See https://www.foro3d.com/tutoriales/blender/blender-art-magazine-3d/blender-art-magazine-19/boat-riggin/boat%20rig%20fdinal_html_6ee8979b.jpg and http://www.jordanyachts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/rig-sloop.jpg //e.g., The catamaran will be rigged as a ketch.// (in combination) e.g., A gaff-rigged cutter./// Assemble and adjust (the equipment of a sailing boat, aircraft, etc.) in readiness for operation e.g., Most sails are kept ready rigged./// Set up equipment or a device or structure, typically in a makeshift or hasty way e.g., He had rigged up a sort of tent./// (verb with object and infinitive) e.g., The power plant of the lifeboat had been rigged to explode./// Provide someone with clothes of a particular type e.g., A cavalry regiment rigged out in green and gold./// (Noun) The particular way in which a sailing boat's masts, sails, and rigging are arranged e.g., A ketch rig./// The sail, mast, and boom of a windsurfer. See http://i217.photobucket.com/albums/cc11/d0uglass/rigcomponents.jpg // e.g., ‘The stronger the wind, the later you release the rig.’/// A device or piece of equipment designed for a particular purpose e.g., A lighting rig./// Oil rig or drilling rig = a machine that creates holes in the earth sub-surface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person, and such are called augers ((*****) for the drilling rig). See http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02980/shell_olympus_2980757k.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Layne_Rig57.jpg // e.g., The North Sea rigs./// (radio) (in CB, and short-wave radio) A transmitter and receiver. For a CB rig See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnj1Z5P9Rhk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq2JmU_HeRE // e.g., The CB rig in the car was on channel 20./// A set of amplifiers and speakers used by a live band or a DJ in a club. See http://i22.photobucket.com/albums/b340/Jim_6189/Amp%20Pics/IMG_0294.jpg // e.g., ‘At the end of the night, I check my tapes and unplug the rig.’/// A particular type of construction for a fishing tackle that bears the bait and hook. See http://miamifishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Screen-shot-2014-03-02-at-10.28.11-PM-536x407.png // e.g., The set-up with the smaller hook is free of lead and known as a free-line rig.// A person's costume, outfit, or style of dress. See https://www.daz3d.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/960x1248/17f82f742ffe127f42dca9de82fb58b1/m/a/main_52_17.jpg and https://www.wilkerdos.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/IMG_1854.jpg // e.g., The rig of the American Army Air Corps.// (New Zealand/ US/ Australian English) A truck./// ''In full rig'' = (phrase) (informal) wearing smart or ceremonial clothes e.g., ‘When I saw the Mexican army up on the hill there and there I was in my full rig - with my flintlock rifle - it got kind of spooky.’/// (verb with object) Manage or conduct something fraudulently so as to gain an advantage e.g., The results of the elections had been rigged.// e.g., Charges of vote-rigging.// e.g., Referendum rigging.// e.g., Rigged election./// Cause an artificial rise or fall in prices in the stock market with a view to personal profit e.g., He accused games firms of rigging the market.
· Makeshift = (adjective) temporal and of low quality, but used because of sudden need e.g., Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps (^^).
· Ketch = (noun) a two-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat with a mizzenmast stepped forward of the rudder and smaller than its foremast. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Fisher30.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Swan65_Desperado_GBR1665_2011_Euros2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rigging-ketch-berm.svg/1200px-Rigging-ketch-berm.svg.png and http://www.sailboat-cruising.com/images/xPrincess36Gabriel.jpg.pagespeed.ic.qTnIkmcx67.jpg e.g., The dual-mast, steel-hulled ketch pulls hard against its moorings, like a getaway car revving its engine.
· Revolution (with the meaning of circular movement) = (noun) A circular movement e.g., The revolution of the Earth around the sun was proposed by Copernicus./// One complete circular movement of something, for example, a wheel e.g., Engine speed can be measured in revolutions per min (rpm) (^^).
· Rev/ revs = (informal) (technical) A revolution of an engine per minute. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pudvHDerqTY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvPR6CuVMZM // e.g., An engine speed of 1,750 revs./// An act of increasing the speed of revolution of a vehicle's engine by pressing the accelerator e.g., He started it up with a violent rev of the engine./// (verb with object) (informal) Increase the running speed of an engine or the engine speed of a vehicle by pressing the accelerator, especially while the clutch is disengaged e.g., She revved up the engine and drove off./// (verb; no object) (of an engine) Operate with increasing speed when the accelerator is pressed, especially while the clutch is disengaged e.g., He could hear the sound of an engine revving nearby./// Make or become more active or energetic.// (verb; no object) e.g., He is revving up for next week's World Cup game.// (verb with object) We need to rev up the economy.
· Clutch = (verb with object) Grasp something tightly e.g., He stood clutching a microphone.// For a hand clutch triode microphone See https://static.webshopapp.com/shops/188510/files/109322654/talent-sqms2-single-hand-clutch-tripod-microphone.jpg For clutch pencil See https://static2.jetpens.com/images/a/000/071/71834.png?mark64=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5qZXRwZW5zLmNvbS9pbWFnZXMvYXNzZXRzL3dhdGVybWFyay5wbmc&markalign64=dG9wLHJpZ2h0&markscale=19&s=d0150df215919e87368bb84daf688b03 /// (figurative) e.g., Mrs. Smith clutched at the idea.// (Noun) A tight grasp e.g., She made a clutch at his body./// Someone's clutches = a person's power or control, especially when regarded as inescapable e.g., Jim had fallen into Samantha's clutches./// A mechanism for connecting and disconnecting an engine and the transmission system in a vehicle, or the working parts of any machine. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqF-aBtTBnY and http://www.europeanmotorcars.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Clutch-And-Pressure-Plate.jpg // e.g., He let the clutch in and the car surged forward.// The pedal operating the clutch in a vehicle e.g., A lot of people use the clutch and the brake pedal in the wrong order!/// (US English) A clutch bag: a handbag without handles with detachable chain strap, rectangular in shape, often an evening bag but used during the day as well (***** for this definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Eel_skin_clutch.JPG and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxjdjSfQ6OPVPmNNPqo_Flgs1-EAArUzr9Wko8amayUd6ys4tN-DJd3W0Hezxk61S1uiu89mRcXLjl4rUAqWv3SH1ifEdUI87mE7-5P51VAfo_xmRB4T56Y5_Nfzuu38h_8uGik4ycak8/s1600/celebrity-bright-clutches.jpg and http://debenhams.scene7.com/is/image/Debenhams/087010410997?$PSPNew$ and http://www.theknitbox.com/fashion/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/clutch-bag-8.jpg // e.g., Of course with the dress, she had to get a pair of black strappy heels and a cute black clutch./// (adjective) (US English) (informal) (in sport) Denoting or occurring at a critical situation in which the outcome of a game or competition is at stake. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Dh_-J4bTt8 // e.g., They both are hard-nosed players who seem to thrive in clutch situations./// (sports) (of a player or action) Achieving or characterized by success at a critical moment in a game or competition. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzrl_KllYUc // e.g., A clutch quarterback.// e.g., Clutch performances./// ''In the clutch'' = (phrase) (informal) at a critical moment e.g., ‘Why are some athletes able to perform in the clutch while others choke?’ /// ''Clutch (or grasp or catch) at straws'' = (phrase) be in such a desperate situation as to resort to even the most unlikely means of salvation e.g., Most of his supporters in Ohio had all but admitted defeat yesterday morning, too crestfallen to clutch at legal straws and not surprised by his decision to concede./// Clutch of eggs = a group of eggs fertilized at the same time laid in a single session and in birds incubated together. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC8JuflBHuI and https://henryehooper.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/clutch-of-eggs-what-better.jpg // e.g., They lay fewer than ten eggs in a clutch./// A brood of chicks See http://gb.fotolibra.com/images/previews/390113-clutch-of-chicks.jpeg e.g., The number of chicks in a clutch varies according to the availability of food and the danger of predators.// A small group of people or things e.g., A clutch of brightly painted holiday homes.
· Inescapable (pronounced ɪnɪˈskeɪpəb(ə)) = (adjective) Unable to be avoided or denied e.g., Political reform was inescapable.// e.g., They came to the inescapable conclusion that he was responsible.// e.g., Sometimes, our anger and frustration are caused by very real and inescapable problems in our lives.
· Gaff (pronounced ɡaf) = (fishing gaff) (noun) a stick with a hook or barbed spear, for landing large fish. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Gaff.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fishing_with_gaff_hook.png and http://m6.i.pbase.com/o9/94/490594/1/161549636.Jfu3Q5Ox.0342w.jpg and http://i.cdn-surfline.com/fishtrack/2014/editorial/12_December/Gaff_Fish/Gaff_Tips_02.jpg // e.g., If you slot a gaff through a fish, it would feel something.// /// (Sailing) A spar to which the head of a fore-and-aft sail is bent. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gaff_rig_spars.jpg/220px-Gaff_rig_spars.jpg and http://www.faneromeni.gr/uploads/image/2960/1200/700/0/0/skoyna_faneromeniskoynas.jpg// (in combination) e.g., A gaff-rigged cutter./// (verb with object) Seize or impale with a gaff. For gaffing a shark See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n8UlSAFJCA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZBsfFvKNF4 // For gaffing a whale See https://www-tc.pbs.org/odyssey/images/20050214_daily2_b.jpg // e.g., The whales are gaffed, speared, or knifed to death./// (mass noun) (US English)(informal) Rough treatment or criticism e.g., If wages increase, perhaps we can stand the gaff./// ''Blow the gaff'' = (phrase) (UK English) (informal) Reveal a plot or secret e.g., He was about to blow the gaff on the conspiracy./// (UK English) (informal) A house, flat, or other building, especially as being a person's home e.g., Gav's new gaff is on McDonald Road.
· Barbed = (adjective) having a sharp point that curves backwards./// Unkind and criticizing e.g., He made some rather barbed comments about my lifestyle./// Barbed wire = a type of strong wire with sharp points on it, used to prevent people or animals from entering or leaving a place, especially a field e.g., A barbed wire fence (^^).
· Slot = (noun) A long, narrow aperture or slit in a machine for something to be inserted. See http://www.slotsup.com/wp-content/uploads/default/free-slots-online.svg and http://www.amica.org/Live/Instruments/Orchestrions/images/orchestrion_link_coin_slot.jpg For a piggy bank slot See https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/425/0*k29wktrzIgJlOGuA.jpeg and https://n6-img-fp.akamaized.net/free-photo/close-up-view-of-the-hand-of-a-man-placing-a-coin-into-the-slot-of-a-piggy-bank-in-a-savings-and-investment-concept_1391-160.jpg?size=338&ext=jpg // e.g., He slid a coin into the slot of the jukebox./// A groove or channel into which something fits or in which something works, such as one in the head of a screw. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3DHjDVY1LNBr5-ULVmOes-ARnU0_6qtgtVeY2ZDVY_cY1xLBSVe5C0gCfiIwpt2VJZNEXkpcNKTV-XC4vty6sSlZe66MvlKHFRZRl2ZPCoIPd-myi2wUS4iVD4THS0V1NIJ_tv3-CXdE/s1600/0screwd107.jpg and https://turma211a.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/hanging_screw.jpg and http://cmzone.vzbqbxhynotw9ion96xv.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Big-Screw-Hooks.jpg // e.g., A screwdriver fitted into the slot./// An allotted place in an arrangement or scheme such as a broadcasting schedule e.g., A late-night television slot.// e.g., Landing slots at Heathrow airport./// (verb with object and adverbial of direction) Place an object into a slot, typically one specifically designed to receive it e.g., Shoppers and commuters in Newbridge could well be slotting their euros in the parking meters as soon as October, according to county council officials.// e.g., The plates come in sections that can be slotted together./// (verb; no object) Be placed or able to be placed into a slot e.g., The processors will slot into a personal computer./// (UK English) (informal) (of a soccer player) Score a goal with a precise shot e.g., He slotted in the opening goal./// Slot in/into = (verb) (no object) (of a person) fit easily into a new role or situation e.g., Employers look for someone who will slot into the office culture./// Slot someone/something in = (verb with object) Manage to find a time or opportunity to deal with someone or something e.g., ‘I can slot you in at 2.19, if that works for you.’/// (usually) Slots = the track of a deer, as visible in soft ground. See http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/images/wildlife/mammals/deer/sika-deer-slot.jpg and http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/images/wildlife/mammals/deer/fallow-deer-slot.jpg
· Heist (vs) Haste
· Heist (pronounced hʌɪst) (not to be confused with ‘haste’) = (noun) (informal) A robbery. For bank heist See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJJz0tFdWJ8 and for a bank heist prank See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPuIsCm-vQU For a nerf heist See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GMgsEYuOU8 // e.g., A diamond heist.// e.g., The heist began with the robbers deliberately setting off the alarm system and retreating into bushes.// (verb) (US English) (informal) Steal e.g., He heisted a car.
· Haste (pronounced heɪst) = (mass noun) Excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.// For hasting speed See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNIMBuK-HRE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ2tYcIvzXk // e.g., Working with feverish haste.// e.g., I write in haste./// Make haste = hurry; hasten e.g., ‘I make haste to seal this.’/// More haste, less speed = (proverb) you make better progress with a task if you don't try to do it too quickly e.g., ‘My mum used to tell me 'More Haste, Less Speed', mostly when I had made a mess of something by rushing.
· Hasty (pronounced ˈheɪsti) = (adjective) done with excessive speed or urgency; hurried e.g., A hasty attempt to defuse the situation.// e.g., Hasty decisions./// Acting with excessive speed or insufficient consideration e.g., ''Don't be too hasty in criticizing a colleague''.// e.g., The Prime Minister might have been a little hasty in serving notice to the Privy Council that "we are moving out.
· Mum (mom in US English) = (UK English) (informal) mother e.g., ‘Happy birthday, mum!’
· Set someone/ something back = (phrasal verb) Delay or impede the progress of someone or something e.g., This incident undoubtedly (pronounced ʌnˈdɑʊ·t̬ɪd·li) set back research.// (informal) (of a purchase) Cost someone a particular amount of money e.g., ‘That must have set you back a bit.’
· Tenderly = (Adverb) With gentleness, kindness, and affection e.g., She spoke tenderly of her parents.// e.g., She tenderly kissed him.// e.g., A tenderly funny and poignant love story./// In a way that is easy to cut or chew; softly. For a tenderly cooked stake See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f8Kc34D5Q0 For a tenderly cooked fish See https://farm4.static.flickr.com/3922/19086207850_ec6d30e2e7_m.jpg e.g., A large piece of tenderly cooked meat.// e.g., Tenderly textured and tasty, Brazil nuts are a source of selenium.
· Poignant (pronounced ˈpoinyənt) = (adjective) evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret e.g., A poignant reminder of the passing of time.// e.g., It's a poignant, almost heartbreaking portrait of urban American loneliness, alienation and obsession.// e.g., That memory, painful and poignant, still inspires the Scot.// e.g., The sense of occasion and history was also made more poignant by the pageantry that accompanied it.
· Pageantry (pronounced ˈpadʒ(ə)ntri) = (mass noun) Elaborate display or ceremony. See http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01883/royal-process_1883834i.jpg and http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/OB-WC495_irepub_G_20130124052917.jpg For the Queen’s birthday pageantry See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIBPoEtMKHY For the Queen opening the British parliament pageantry See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htJlSC9lXVg // e.g., The pageantry of George V's jubilee.// e.g., That was followed by dozens of special events including readings, plays, pageantry, and exhibitions.// e.g., The pomp and pageantry of the Queen's Speech guarantee a wonderful sense of occasion.
· Diplomatic immunity = (mass noun) the privilege of exemption from certain laws and taxes granted to diplomats by the state in which they are working e.g., His embassy is claiming diplomatic immunity on his behalf.
· Sturgeon (pronounced ˈstadjən) = (noun) a very large primitive fish with bony plates on the body that occurs in temperate seas and rivers of the northern hemisphere, especially central Eurasia, and is of commercial importance for its caviar and flesh. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/89/97/b9/8997b9d8c59037ed25c5abcc33115e1a.jpg and http://gcrl.usm.edu/public/fish/images/gulf.sturgeon/big.sturgeon.paul.gramma.riverbank.jpg
· Bar (as a verb) = (verb with object) Fasten something, especially a door or window with a bar or bars. For a barred door See http://www.rgbstock.com/cache1o0UaQ/users/s/sa/saavem/300/mnkC2lG.jpg For a barred window See http://texturelib.com/Textures/windows/windows_0299_02_preview.jpg // e.g., He bolted and barred the door./// Prevent or prohibit someone from doing something or from going somewhere e.g., Journalists had been barred from covering the elections./// Forbid someone from undertaking an activity e.g., The job she loved had been barred to her./// Exclude something from consideration e.g., Nothing is barred in the crime novel./// (Law) Prevent or delay an action by objection e.g., The law also sometimes holds that certain types of claim should be barred as contrary to public policy./// Mark something with bars or stripes e.g., His face was barred with light.
· Switch/ change/ shift gears = (phrase) adopt a different approach to a situation or task e.g., ‘We have to be prepared to shift gears when things create problems for the government.’// e.g., From February 1942, British air strategy changed gear.
· Dossier (pronounced ˈdɒs.i.eɪ) = (French origin) a collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject. See http://images.digopaul.com/wp-content/uploads/related_images/2015/09/10/dossier_3.jpg and https://media-exp1.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAXkAAAAJDA2MzNkMThmLTRiMTktNDNlYy04M2JiLTllMTFlMWVkYTVhNQ.jpg and https://reassurez-moi.fr/guide/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dossier-credit-immobilier-bnp-paribas.jpg // e.g., We have a dossier on him.// e.g., A dossier of complaints.
· Gatecrash = (verb with object) Enter a party or other gathering without an invitation or ticket. For the US president gatecrashing weddings See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvraUy8gWDA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8PfiJvvGOI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBvuKFebogM // e.g., The photographer gatecrashed the 2,000 wedding in New York.// e.g., ‘You have gatecrashed a private meeting.’
· Ethos (pronounced iː.θɒs) = (noun) The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations e.g., A challenge to the ethos of the 1960s.// e.g., Much credit must go to the local community for the way they have embraced the ethos of community cohesion.
· He has the ‘attributes’(= qualities/ characteristics) to become famous.
· ''My home is by the sea.''
· The new US president in his first address (= speech) said that the carnage (= massacre) must stop. In March 2018, he focused on driving (or boosting) the nation’s economy. For this purpose, he imposed a tax on exports. (from the media)
· Accommodation for students
· ''I had the chance to go sightseeing'' (sightseeing is only a noun, not a verb e.g., Sightseeing tour)
· ''We need to build facilities for the tourists in order to have all the amenities available
· ''We were obliged (not ‘obligated’) to leave the area''
· The natural habitat is disrupted
· Advantages outweigh the disadvantages (weigh is the verb and weight the noun)
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