· Cripple = (verb) (with object) Cause someone to become unable to walk or move properly. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/A_crippled_beggar_moves_with_crutches_accompanied_by_a_littl_Wellcome_V0020357.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj4WtEfNADg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AT7cnOkGcBQ // e.g., A young student was crippled for life.// e.g., A crippling disease./// Cause severe and disabling damage to a machine e.g., They aimed to cripple the machinery of war, not simply broaden disdain for it./// Deprive of the ability to function normally e.g., Developing countries are crippled by their debts./// (noun) (dated; offensive) = a person who is unable to walk or move properly through disability or because of injury to their back or legs./// A person with a severe limitation of a specified kind e.g., An emotional cripple.
· Girder (pronounced ˈɡəːdə) = (noun) A large iron or steel beam or compound structure used for building bridges and the framework of large buildings. Synonym: joist. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Hinkle_Fieldhouse_roof.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/AASHTO_Girder.jpg and http://gb.fotolibra.com/images/previews/459784-building-girder-construction.jpegand https://previews.123rf.com/images/hemeroskopion/hemeroskopion1506/hemeroskopion150600011/40814344-Unfinished-industrial-building-with-an-iron-girder-structure-Stock-Photo.jpg //e.g., The tower is made of steel girders crisscrossed to make it strong.
· Criss-cross = (noun) A pattern of intersecting straight lines or paths. For criss-cross lines. See https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/criss-cross-lines-black-rough-crossing-white-background-65085015.jpg and https://image.freepik.com/free-icon/criss-cross-lines_318-36525.jpg // e.g., The blotting paper was marked with a criss-cross of different inks./// (adjective) Containing a number of straight lines or paths which intersect each other. For criss-cross streets See https://www.colourbox.com/preview/17193912-tramlines.jpg // e.g., The streets ran in a regular criss-cross pattern./// An English musician, best known as the bass guitarist in the new wave band Ultravox (***** for this).////(as an adverb) e.g., The swords were strung criss-cross on his back./// (verb with object) Form a pattern of intersecting lines or paths on a place e.g., The green hill was criss-crossed with a network of sheep tracks./// (verb; no object) e.g., The smaller streets criss-crossed in a grid pattern./// Move or travel around a place by going back and forth repeatedly e.g., The US President criss-crossed America.
· Grid = (noun) a pattern or structure made from horizontal and vertical lines crossing each other to form squares. For a grid pattern See (graphic design) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Divina_proportione.png and (grid paper) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Graph-paper-10sqsm-5sqin-4sqin.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Graph-paper.svg and http://files.carlsonsw.com/mirror/manuals/Carlson_2016/source/Site_Road_Design/Surface/Draw_3D_Grid_File/04-0HE19.bmp and http://www.heathrowe.com/tuts/gridimages/7.gif For a metal grid See https://cms.esi.info/Media/productImages/683150_1358177828807_PF.png and https://www.coregravel.ca/site/assets/files/1016/core-gravel-grids.jpg and https://www.americanhanger.com/pub/product-images/20161026111656_WHITEWIRECUBBIE.jpg // For street grid system See https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-a9bd425a454404f2413e7ef46ffd21e9 and https://munsonscity.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/all-grids.jpg and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8SO1zV-erprwBuZT3Rdb9AikvRXpcI_8AZ0Xgkp6vz_0WkX4VIunyz4dnl0hYWAD5kjpsFwPQKtm6n8-Q07Jzj4cbNrbB3batf-0fF78Ez8jQ4MDfX5pV8VAZ_tBoSXb4P9E2onUwaoDx/s640/salt-lake-city-grid-system.gif and http://uc.fmf.uni-lj.si/com/Lego/archive/Chicago02.gif // e.g., A metal grid has been placed over the hole to prevent people from falling in.// e.g., In Barcelona the streets are laid out in/on a grid system./// A system of wires through which electricity is connected to different power stations across a region. For electricity grid See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Electricity_Grid_Schematic_English.svg and http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01996/pylon_1996799b.jpg and https://student-energy.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/618/Electric%20Grid.jpg and https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/origin-ui/en/blog/about-energy/electricity-grid-how-electricity-gets-to-you/_jcr_content/mainparsys/column_control_2/par3/one_image/image.adapt.1056.high.jpg // e.g., The national grid. /// A pattern of squares with numbers or letters used to find places on a map (*). See http://www.dxzone.com/images/pics/2015/03/13/20150313192958-a6eff912.jpg and http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/faculty/harrell/egypt/Mosques/Cairo_Map_1.jpg For grid lines on map See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Fictional_Map_1.jpg and https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/Images/mapgrid_1_lg.png
· Blotting paper = (mass noun) Absorbent paper used for soaking up excess ink when writing. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/L%C3%B6schpapierroller.jpg and http://www.prettygossip.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Blotterazzi-vs.-Blotting-Paper-1024x709.jpg and https://www.vintagepensacsandparts.com/shopimages/products/extras/5%20sheets.jpg For blotting sheets See https://images.contentful.com/g8qtv9gzg47d/image_post_67612/6d7c3dca236f2cd675c9a13b21e716f5/Slider_3_-_Blotting_Sheets_What_Are_They_Good_For_?fl=progressive&fm=jpg&q=80
· Pulley (pronounced ˈpʊli) = (noun) A wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes, which acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is used to raise heavy weights. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Crane_pulley_4x.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Tackles.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/PulleyShip.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Pulley_(PSF).png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Block-and-tackle-in-use.svg/2000px-Block-and-tackle-in-use.svg.png /// A wheel or drum fixed on a shaft and turned by a belt, used for the application or transmission of power. For pulley wheel See http://www.northerntool.com/images/product/2000x2000/964/96498_2000x2000.jpg For drum pulley See http://www.ppipella.com/media/cms/SpiralDrum5_C06A68C0AE025.gif /// (verb) (with object) Hoist with a pulley e.g., The tree house was built on the ground and pulleyed into the branches.
· Hoist = (verb with object) Raise something utilizing ropes and pulleys. For an electric cable hoist See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFscvFfYuBQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y-pRZaf1sU // e.g., A white flag was hoisted./// (verb with object and adverbial) Raise or haul up e.g., She hoisted her backpack on to her shoulder./// (noun) An act of raising or lifting something. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3UcMYVYoXE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJvTmu92kSE For flag hoisting See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/US_Navy_090401-N-0958B-001_Chiefs_hoist_the_American_flag_on_the_116th_anniversary_of_the_chief_petty_officer_rank.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fKV4AyeU6A // e.g., Just as you get your side beautifully fixed, he gives it a hoist from his end, and spoils it all./// An apparatus for lifting or raising something. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Argano_sollevatore_pesi_Leonardo_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Builders_hoist.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Trump_Hotel_Chicago_2007-08-25.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chain_hoist.svg/170px-Chain_hoist.svg.png and http://rmhoist.com/files/public/userfiles/1002/Spacemaster%20SX%20Aux%20Hoist%20RGB.jpg and http://www.offshorewind.biz/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/UK-Alicat-Workboats-Unveil-New-Boat-Hoist-and-Support-Services.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fg2KboBX3Co // e.g., Mechanical lifts or hoists for firefighting purposes./// An act of increasing something e.g., An interest rate hoist./// The part of a flag nearest the staff. See https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAjnAAAAJGU4NGI5MzU2LWMyMWItNDkzMi05YjY1LTRlNjcyYzllY2U3OQ.jpg /// A group of flags raised as a signal./// ''Hoist one's flag'' = (phrase) (of an admiral) take up command./// ''Hoist the flag'' = (phrase) stake one's claim to the discovered territory by displaying a flag.
· Haul (vs.) Overhaul (vs.) Long-haul
· Haul (pronounced hɔːl) = (verb with object and adverbial) (of a person) pull or drag with effort or force. See http://1p40p3gwj70rhpc423s8rzjaz-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/fr-box.jpg For a haul truck See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/CamionFermont.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Liebherr_t282_1.jpg // e.g., He hauled his bike out of the shed./// (verb; no object, with adverbial) e.g., He hauled on the reins./// ''Haul oneself'' = propel or pull oneself with difficulty e.g., He hauled himself along the cliff face./// (informal) Force someone to appear for reprimand or trial e.g., He is to be hauled before the Press Council./// (verb with object) (of a vehicle) pull an attached trailer or carriage behind it. See http://s277.photobucket.com/user/gotmud69/media/DSCF5725.jpg.htm and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCHOVv5IsFo // e.g., The engine hauls the overnight sleeper from London Euston./// Transport in a lorry or cart e.g., He made a living hauling coal./// (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) (Nautical) (especially of a sailing ship) Make an abrupt change of course. See http://www.pacificbasin.com/en/images/global/banner03.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFEd-Q0K2fM // e.g., ‘I planned to haul offshore, well clear of the land.’/// (noun) A quantity of something that has been stolen or is possessed illegally e.g., They escaped with a haul of antiques./// Fish caught. For fishing haul See https://i2.wp.com/www.alaskafishradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Salmon-haul.jpg and http://www.worldfishing.net/__data/assets/image/0018/114912/10695564093_fe08d65dc7_k.jpg // e.g., He landed a record pike (a freshwater fish) haul./// The number of points, medals, or titles won by a person or team in a sporting event or over a period. See http://cdnph.upi.com/sv/ph/og/upi/9751471134855/2016/3/8355e3ea631a3b8c647dd245d85df7c0/v1.5/Rio-Roundup-Men-women-add-to-US-gold-medal-haul-with-big-swimming-wins.jpg // e.g., His seven-goal haul against Liverpool./// All the products purchased by someone during a particular episode of shopping e.g., ‘I'm really pleased with my haul as I think I got some great bargains.’// e.g., Included in her beauty haul were a lot of facial masks./// A distance to be covered in a journey e.g., The thirty-mile haul to Boston./// ''Haul off'' = (phrasal verb) a) Leave; depart e.g., ‘Rather than hurrying to finish my last doodle (= to write hurriedly), I carefully pack it away in my bag and, along with the rest of my gear, haul off to my locker.’ b) Withdraw a little before doing something e.g., He hauled off and smacked the kid./// ''Haul out'' = (phrasal verb) (of a seal or similar marine mammal) come out of the water to spend time on land. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDhprG-COtc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWWLFm8Z9UU // e.g., Seals haul out to bask (= enjoy the sun) in areas where they can see and smell approaching predators.
· Overhaul (pronounced Verb: əʊvəˈhɔːl./// Noun: ˈəʊvəhɔːl) = (verb with object) (pronounced əʊvəˈhɔːl) Take apart a piece of machinery or equipment in order to examine it and repair it if necessary. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55TY4fuJCTA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uz6l3cmXcy0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJPmiBTj3xs // e.g., The steering box was recently overhauled.// e.g., After the engine was overhauled, he planned a speed record between three capital cities.// e.g., They took the recently overhauled 610-horsepower V8 Ford racing engine plus tools and accessories./// Analyze and improve a system e.g., Moves to overhaul the income tax system.// e.g., I guess I don't subscribe to this notion that we have overhaul Medicare radically./// (UK English) Overtake someone, especially in a sporting event e.g., Jodami overhauled his chief rival.// e.g., He overhauled team-mate Andy Burt, but always had too much to do to catch Hilton./// (noun) (pronounced ˈəʊvəhɔːl) A thorough examination of machinery or a system, with repairs or changes made, if necessary e.g., A major overhaul of environmental policies.// e.g., ‘Is a major overhaul of the security system justified?’ // As part of a huge upgrading program in Old Cairo, these historic places of prayer are being given a thorough overhaul.// e.g., ‘Yea’ (= yes) votes outnumbered ‘Nay’ (= no) and the tax reconciliation Act was passed as the Senate backed the tax overhaul (from the media).
· Long-haul (or long haul) (haul is pronounced hɔːl in UK English and hɑːl in US English) = (noun) (in reference to the transport of goods or passengers) a long distance e.g., (as modifier) A long-haul flight.// e.g., The favorite long-haul destinations are Orlando, Barbados, Montego Bay, Dubai, New York, and Washington.// e.g., On a long-haul flight, flight attendants warm the food for passengers’ convenience./// A prolonged and difficult effort or task e.g., Implementing the White Paper is likely to be a long haul.// e.g., When it invests in new electronics applications, GM is usually in for the long haul./// Be in something for the long haul = (phrase) be committed to an undertaking until it is completed e.g., We are in business for the long haul./// Over the long haul = (phrase) over an extended period of time e.g., ‘Would the American people support such a costly war over the long haul?’
· Admiral (pronounced ˈæd.m(ə)r.əl) = (noun) an officer of very high rank in the navy. For vice-admiral Horatio Nelson See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/HoratioNelson1.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Young_Nelson.jpg // e.g., Admiral Nelson/ Horatio Nelson.// e.g., (as a form of address) ‘Yes, Admiral’ (^^).
· Rein (vs) Reign
· Rein (not to be confused with ‘rain’ or ‘reign’) = (noun) (usually plural: reins) A long, thin piece of material, especially leather, that helps you to control and direct a horse. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Twee-paarden.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/SplitReins.jpg // e.g., ‘You pull both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left.’ /// (UK English) A strap that is put around a small child’s body or wrist and held at the other end by an adult so that the adult can stop the child running away. (the stripes are called ‘baby harness’). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqVvRBOQx8g and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3hC-S9bBYw // e.g., ‘I always put my child on reins when we go shopping’ (^^).
· Reign (pronounced reɪn) (not to be confused with ‘rein’ or ‘rain’)= (intransitive verb) To be a king or queen of a country e.g., Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901./// To be the main feeling or quality in a situation or person e.g., Love reigned supreme in her heart./// (noun) The period of time when a king or queen rules a country e.g., The reign of Henry VIII./// A period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence e.g., His successful reign as manager of the team (^^).
· Apparatus (pronounced ˌapəˈreɪtəs) = (noun) The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.// Synonym = equipment, gear.// e.g., Laboratory apparatus./// A complex structure within an organization or system e.g., The apparatus of government./// A collection of notes, variant readings, and other matter accompanying a printed text e.g., An important advantage of electronic editions of early modern literature is their capacity for representing multiple states of the text while avoiding a critical apparatus that relegates variants to footnotes.
· Yolk (vs) Yoke
· Yolk (pronounced jəʊk) = (noun) (egg yolk) the yellow, middle part of an egg. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Raw_egg.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Egg_with_two_yellows.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Red_Yolk_C.jpg // e.g., ‘Separate the yolks from the whites’ (^^).
· Yoke = (noun) a wooden bar that is fastened on the necks of 2 animals, especially cattle, and connected to the vehicle or load they are pulling. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Bullock_yokes.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Burma07.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Zugochsen.jpg /// A fitted part of a piece of clothing, especially a strip that goes around the shoulders or waist, to which is sewn a looser piece of material. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Flightconchords.jpg /// Something that connects 2 things or people, usually in a way that unfairly limits freedom e.g., The yoke of marriage! /// (transitive verb) To put a yoke on animals, especially cattle e.g., Two oxen yoked to a plow walked wearily up and down the field./// To combine or connect 2 things; e.g., All these different political elements have somehow been yoked together to form a new alliance (^^).
· Oxen = the plural of ox (= a castrated bull).
· Appliance (not the same with ‘application’) = (noun) a device or piece of equipment designed to perform a specific task, typically a domestic one e.g., Electrical and gas appliances.// The action or process of bringing something into operation e.g., The appliance of science could increase crop yields (= the full amount of an agricultural or industrial product).
· Footnote = (noun) an ancillary piece of information printed at the bottom of a page. See http://flylib.com/books/2/135/1/html/2/images/0321322010/graphics/356fig01.gif and https://www.ostraining.com/cdn/images/wordpress/footnotes/media_1446220460508.png and http://www.atlantiswordprocessor.com/en/help/images/footnotes_00.png // e.g., If the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flow make up the core of a company's financial information, then the footnotes are the fine print that explains this core./// (verb) Add a footnote or footnotes to a piece of writing.
· Smack = (noun) A sharp slap or blow, typically one given with the palm. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/FiveFingersFaceHighandMightyTrailerScreenshot1954.jpg and https://eatsreadsthinks.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/smack.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_bHEDYdD7k and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM_JjHgOh8c // e.g., She gave Peter a smack across the face./// A loud, sharp sound e.g., She closed the ledger with a smack./// A loud kiss. See https://img0.etsystatic.com/050/0/7015608/il_570xN.705029162_7s1a.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjwOypGzF84 // e.g., ‘I was saluted with two hearty smacks on my cheeks.’/// (verb with object) Strike someone or something, typically with the palm, and as a punishment e.g., Ann smacked his face, quite hard.// (verb with object and adverbial of place) Smash, drive, or put forcefully into or on to something e.g., He smacked a fist into the palm of a black-gloved hand./// Part one’s lips noisily in eager anticipation or enjoyment of food or drink. See http://static-img-a.hgcdn.net/Media/_640x480/BHT_217BehindLipSmacking_THUMB_640x480_KL.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-rwo13hAwk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJgO1aJSCy0 // e.g., George drank half the Scotch and smacked his lips. /// (adverb) (informal) Suddenly and violently; e.g., ‘I ran smack into the back of a parked truck.’/// Exactly; precisely e.g., Our mother's house was smack in the middle of the city./// ''A smack in the face (or eye)'' = (phrase) (informal) a strong rebuff e.g., This was a smack in the face for the Establishment.// ''Smack of'' = (verb; no object) a) Have a flavor of; a taste of e.g., The tea smacked strongly of tannin. b) Suggest the presence or effects of something wrong or unpleasant e.g., The whole thing smacks of a cover-up./// ‘A smack of’ = (noun) a) A flavor or taste of e.g., Anything with even a modest smack of hops dries the palate./// b) A trace or suggestion of e.g., ‘I hear the smack of collusion between them.’/// (noun) (UK English) A single-masted sailing boat used for coasting or fishing. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Calm_in_Gloucester_Harbor_-_Carlton_Theodore_Chapman_-_overall.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Smack-brightlingsea.jpg // e.g., The village still harbors a few fishing smacks./// (mass noun) (informal) Heroin e.g., ‘I was outscoring smack.’
· Ledger = (noun) a book in which things are regularly recorded, especially business activities and money received or paid (*)// the principal book or computer file for recording and totaling economic transactions measured in terms of a monetary unit of account by account type, with debits and credits in separate columns and a beginning monetary balance and ending monetary balance for each account (***** for the 2nd part of the definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Ledger.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Hauptbuch_Hochstetter_vor_1828.jpg and https://3.imimg.com/data3/FQ/WI/MY-3929517/ledger-books-250x250.jpg and https://www.mainstreetfinebooks.com/pictures/medium/32564.jpg and https://5.imimg.com/data5/BE/NO/MY-11478266/ledger-books-250x250.jpg // e.g. The total balance of the purchases ledger.// e.g., There are times when items will go directly to the general ledger without any subledger posting./// A flat stone slab covering a grave. See http://www.easternmemorials.com/wp-content/gallery/granite-ledgers/gorji-ledger.jpg and http://www.frammonument.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ledger_6.jpg // e.g., Photographs show her on her bier and her ledger stone carved with her name.//(as modifier) e.g., The ledger stone of William Averie./// A horizontal scaffolding pole, parallel to the face of a building. See http://www.basiccarpentrytechniques.com/Double%20Pole%20Scaffold%20C4.JPG and https://hseindia.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/image_thumb3.png?w=706&h=501 // e.g., The girder is in a position parallel to the ledger and supports the opposite end of the joists.// e.g., The bottom of the ledger should be on the chalk line./// A weight used on a fishing line without a float, to anchor the bait in a particular place. See http://www.abersochangling.co.uk/phpthumbsup/w/900/src/assets/gallery/2/6.pngand http://www.oodmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2003/07/ledger-carp-rig.jpg /// (as modifier) e.g., Ledger tackle./// (Verb; no object) Fish using a ledger. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7WWRHBqerQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuKm8hoy5yI // e.g., If your reel is strong enough for river ledgering then probably it will be man enough for pike.
· Pike = (noun) A large fish that lives in lakes and rivers and eats other fish. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Blue_morph_yellow_walleye.jpg /// Turnpike in US English./// A long sharp stick used in the past as a weapon by soldiers on foot. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Pikeniere_Wallenstein-Festspiele_Memmingen.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Pike_square_img_3645.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Pike_square_img_3653.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Slag_om_Grolle_2008-1_-_Een_eenheid_piekeniers_doet_exercities_bij_de_kampementen.jpg /// A hill in northern England with a pointed top (^^).
· Bier (pronounced bɪə(r)) = (noun) a frame in which a dead body or a coffin is carried before a funeral (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/JPII_on_bier.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/T%C3%B8nder_Kristkirke_-_Totenbahre_1.jpg
· Outscore = (transitive verb) to score more points than another player or team in a competition e.g., Johnson outscored his nearest rival by 25 points (^^).
· Turnpike (pike in US English) = (noun) the main road that you usually have to pay to use e.g., The New Jersey Turnpike (^^).
· Shed = (noun) A simple roofed structure used for garden storage, to shelter animals, or as a workshop. Synonym: hut. For a rural shed See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Schuppen_7235.jpg and For a garden shed See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Shed.jpg and http://www.homebase.co.uk/wcsstore/ExtendedSitesCatalogAssetStore/direct/vb/garden/VB-220x220-sheds.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a9/ec/ea/a9ecea11a5b33dc367ea60f592d29486.jpg For a bicycle (bike) shed See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Bike_shed_15d06.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Bicycle_shed.JPG and https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0198/0250/products/03_Clasic-with-bikes-inside.jpg?v=1495220284 // e.g., A bicycle shed.// e.g., A garden shed./// A larger structure for storing or maintaining vehicles or other machinery. For a car parking shed See http://www.buildstar.co.in/images/all/car_parking_1.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a7/e0/ce/a7e0ce31012a2276156b99530c1c1d3a.jpg // For a machinery shed See http://metroworld.com.au/images/property/733/12009.jpg For a train Diesel engine shed See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motive_power_depot#/media/File:Inside_the_Diesel_shed_showing_the_bogie_exchange_mechanism.jpg // e.g., A shed is required for the three engines./// (New Zealand & Australian) A building for shearing sheep or milking cattle. For a sheep shearing shed See http://downtheroad.org/NewZealand/imagesBBB/Winky/DSC01464.JPG and https://images.ehive.com/accounts/4002/objects/images/1uloubh_2r2j_l.jpg /// (verb with object) Park a vehicle in a depot (pronounced ˈdep.əʊ) e.g., The buses were temporarily shedded in that depot./// (verb with object) (of a tree or other plant) Allow leaves or fruit to fall to the ground. For a tree shedding leaves See http://fooyah.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/tree.jpg and https://unfinished1.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/front-door1.jpg // e.g., Both varieties shed leaves in winter./// (also known as moulting (molting in US English, or sloughing or – when refers to many invertebrates – ecdysis) (of a reptile, insect, etc.) Allow its skin or shell to come off, to be replaced by another one that has grown underneath. For snake shedding skin See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWXn1lEKsu0 and https://lillianthehomepoet.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/shed-snake-skin2.jpg For insect shedding skin See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Dragonfly_metamorphosis.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4TiY1Ji5Zk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJtXnFylkMo For a bird shedding See (molting) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulting#/media/File:Loggerhead_Shrike_molting.jpg and (the same bird with normal plumage) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulting#/media/File:Lanius_ludovicianus1.jpg // e.g., ‘I have had had snakes shedding their skin in my house.’/// (of a mammal) Lose hair as a result of molting, disease, or age. See http://www.welcomepup.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/dog-hair-300x225.jpg For dog’s shed See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STcGI3H3NWI /// Take off clothes e.g., We shed our jackets./// Have the property of repelling water or a similar substance./// Discard something undesirable, superfluous, or outdated e.g., Many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed jobs./// Cast or give off light e.g., The full moon shed a watery light on the scene./// (UK English) Accidentally allow something to fall off or spill e.g., A lorry shed its load of steel bars./// Eliminate part of an electrical power load by disconnecting circuits./// ''Shed someone's blood'' = (phrase) be injured or killed or kill or injure someone./// ''Shed tears'' = (phrase) weep; cry.
· Repel (pronounced rɪˈpel) (the noun is repulsive) = (verb) Drive or force an attack or attacker back or away e.g., Government units sought to repel the rebels.// e.g., As the indigenous people in the video game, you're tasked with repelling the invaders and driving them back into the sea./// Be repulsive or distasteful to e.g., She was repelled by the permanent smell of drink on his breath.// e.g., Sometimes, he’s too passionate for his own good, repelling the very audience he's trying to communicate with./// Refuse to accept something, especially an argument or theory e.g., The alleged right of lien led by the bankrupt's attorney was repelled./// (of a magnetic pole or electric field) Force something similarly magnetized or charged away from itself. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VysUQuwu_GE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7Cvo5gwQ0M // e.g., Electrically charged objects attract or repel one another.// (verb; no object) e.g., Like poles repel and unlike poles attract./// (of a substance) Resist mixing with or be impervious to another substance e.g., Boots with good-quality leather uppers to repel moisture.
· Repellent (or repellant) (pronounced rɪˈpel.ənt) = (adjective) (often in combination) Able to repel a particular thing; impervious (= not allowing fluid to pass through) to a particular substance e.g., Water-repellent nylon.// e.g., ‘Avoid using electronic repellent devices, mothballs or other unregistered products.’ /// Causing disgust or distaste e.g., The idea was slightly repellent to him.// e.g., The repellent nature of this image evokes the almost primitive disgust that Nixon was able to elicit from his liberal enemies./// (noun) A substance that deters insects or other pests from approaching or settling e.g., A flea repellent./// A substance used to treat something, especially fabric or stone, so as to make it impervious to water e.g., Treat brick with a silicone water repellent.
· Impervious = (adjective) Not allowing fluid to pass through. See http://3-c.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/aquiclude.gif?x30035 // e.g., An impervious layer of basaltic clay.// e.g., The coatings are weldable and impervious to automotive and hydraulic fluids./// Impervious to = unable to be affected by e.g., He worked, apparently impervious to the heat.
· Distasteful = (adjective) Causing dislike or disgust; offensive; unpleasant e.g., Customers complained about the distasteful odor.// e.g., She found such cynicism distasteful.// e.g., So far, this book is only confirming what I thought: that the whole thing is distasteful and nothing to do with real life.
· Cynic (pronounced ˈsɪn.ɪk) (noun) (the adjective is cynical, and the adverb is cynically) = (noun) a person who believes that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere e.g., ‘I am too much of a cynic to believe that she’ll keep her promise.’/// Cynicism (noun) e.g., He’s often accused of cynicism in his attitude towards politics (^^).
· Denizen (pronounced ˈden.ɪ.z(ə)n) = (formal, humorous) A person, animal, or plant that lives or is found in a particular place. Synonym = inhabitant.// e.g., Denizens of field and forest.// e.g., The beautiful natural forests in which several species of animals and birds are denizens rank high among the natural resources./// (UK English) (historical) A foreigner allowed certain rights in their adopted country.
· Take-out or takeout (in North America and the Philippines); carry-out (in some dialects in the U.S. and Scotland), take-away (in the UK other than Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Hong Kong, and Ireland), parcel (in Indian & Pakistani English), refer to prepared meals or other food items, purchased at a restaurant, that the purchaser intends to eat elsewhere. Take-out food is now common worldwide, with a number of different cuisines and dishes on offer (*****).
· Civic = (adjective) Relating to a city or town, especially its administration; municipal e.g., A meeting of civic and business leaders.// e.g., Such concerns pushed civic leaders toward municipal control of those networks.// e.g., They were not what people expected of a major civic building in their city or community./// Relating to the duties or activities of people in relation to their town, city, or local area e.g., He was active in the civic life of London.// e.g., It was designed to re-educate the local populace on law and order and civic duty.
· Populace (pronounced ˈpɒpjʊləs) = (noun) (treated as singular or plural) The people living in a particular country or area e.g., The party misjudged the mood of the populace.// e.g., ‘Do you think that states will use whatever technology is available to control their own populace?’ // e.g., Without a well-educated populace, we are a poor and intellectually bankrupt society.
· Strife = (noun) Angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict e.g., Strife within the community.// e.g., However, sometimes strife and conflict help to clear the air and make for better understanding.// e.g., Decades of civil strife.// e.g., The ethnic diversity of Surinam (a country on the northeastern coast of South America) resulted in increasing racial and political strife after World War II./// (Australian & New Zealand English) Trouble or difficulty of any kind e.g., ‘One of these days my lack of shame is going to get me into strife.’ // e.g., If the labor market doesn't evolve to accommodate the needs of working mothers, there will be strife at home.
· The peasantry = (mass noun) Smallholders and agricultural laborers of low social status (chiefly in historical use or concerning subsistence farming in poorer countries) e.g., The upper class exploited the peasantry.
· Unrelenting = (adjective) Not yielding in strength, severity, or determination e.g., The heat was unrelenting.// e.g., The world of business is a harsh and unrelenting one: a constant struggle for survival and profit in which the weak or the inflexible go to the wall.// e.g., For a place dependent on tourist spending, the unrelenting determination to turn paying customers away is simply beyond rationality.// Not giving way to kindness or compassion e.g., Unrelenting opponents.// e.g., The reaction by its political opponents to this stand was one of savage and unrelenting hostility.
· Appease = conciliate = placate
· Appease (pronounced əˈpiːz) = (verb with object) Pacify or placate someone by acceding to their demands. Synonym = conciliate.// e.g., Amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups.// e.g., The insistence has not appeased local residents, who are now planning a series of meetings to call for a public inquiry.// e.g., Only the happy trip to Morocco in 1832 appeased the artist and freed him momentarily from his nightmare./// Assuage or satisfy a demand or a feeling e.g., We give to charity because it appeases our guilt.// e.g., He denied that the death of Christ was necessary to satisfy divine justice and appease God’s wrath.// e.g., We refuse to appease the aggression and brutality of evil men.
· Placate (pronounced pləˈkeɪt) = (verb with object) Make someone less angry or hostile. Synonyms: appease; pacify. e.g., They attempted to placate the students with promises./// e.g., ‘This seemed to placate her, and I finally won my release with a promise to pay next time.// e.g., ‘It took a lot to placate him, but finally, I did and promised I would print a correction and apology.’
· Conciliate (pronounced kənˈsɪl.i.eɪt) = (verb with object) Stop someone being angry or discontented; placate (pronounced pləˈkeɪt) e.g., Concessions were made to conciliate the peasantry.// e.g., The Middle Ages last at least until Contarini's failure to conciliate the Protestants at the council of Ratisbon in 1540. /// e.g., Governments have no more urgent task than to help to conciliate individuals, corporations, institutions, and society at large with the new frontier less Universe./// (verb; no object) Act as a mediator e.g., He sought to conciliate in the dispute.// e.g., The employers want the service to try to broker a deal with the FBU rather than conciliate between the 30% demand and a rejected 5% offer./// (formal) Reconcile; make compatible e.g., All complaints about charges will be conciliated if possible.// e.g., She worked with the National Civic Federation to conciliate labor strife.
· Reconcile (verb) (the noun is reconciliation) = (transitive verb) to find a way in which 2 situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together e.g., ‘How can you reconcile your fur coat and/ with your love of animals?’ /// Reconcile yourself to something = to accept a fact or situation although you don’t like it e.g., He must reconcile himself to the fact that he must do some work if he wants to pass his exams (^^).
· Concession = (noun) Something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end a disagreement or the act of allowing or giving this. Synonym = compromise.// e.g., Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks.// e.g., He stated firmly that no concessions would be made to the terrorists./// The act of admitting defeat e.g., The former president's concession came even before all the votes had been counted.// e.g., A concession speech.// (UK English) A reduction in the usual price of something, made available to students, old people, etc. e.g., You can get travel concessions if you are under 26./// (noun) A special right to property or land./// The right to sell a product in a particular area (*) e.g., A concession to sell over-priced soft drinks cost $30 plus 20% of the profits./// (mass noun) The action of conceding or granting something e.g., This strict rule was relaxed by concession./// A concession to = a gesture made in recognition of demand or prevailing standard e.g., Her only concession to fashion was her ornate silver ring./// A preferential allowance or rate given by an organization e.g., Tax concessions./// The right to use land or another property for a specified purpose, granted by a government, company, or other controlling bodies e.g., New logging (= cutting down trees for wood) concessions./// A commercial operation set up by agreement within the premises of a larger concern e.g., The concessions will offer photo processing and a pharmacy.
· Concede = (reporting verb) Admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it.// (with clause) e.g., ‘I had to concede that I'd overreacted.’ // (with direct speech) e.g., ‘All right then,’ he conceded./// Admit defeat in a match or contest e.g., Reluctantly, I conceded defeat.// e.g., On July 2, Thailand conceded defeat to currency speculators and let the baht float against the dollar // (verb with object) Surrender or yield a possession, right, or privilege e.g., In practical terms, this means that we stop conceding territory to the enemy.// e.g., If the union wants more money it has to be ready to concede ground./// Grant a right, privilege, or demand e.g., Their rights to redress of grievances were conceded once more.// e.g., The fact is that to concede a right of this nature would have ruptured Marx's vision of a communist harmony./// (in sport) Fail to prevent an opponent scoring a goal or point e.g., They have conceded only one goal in seven matches./// Allow a lead or advantage to slip e.g., He took an early lead which he never conceded.
· Accede (pronounced əkˈsiːd) = (verb; no object) (formal) Agree to demand, request, or treaty e.g., The authorities did not accede to the strikers’ demands.// e.g., The courts have upheld the rights of companies to refuse to accede to the requests of health authorities to fluoridate water.// e.g., It is also this that has allowed us to accede to the request to accept President Aristide on to our shores./// Assume an office or position e.g., Elizabeth I acceded to the throne in 1558.// e.g., Henry VII died, and his 2nd son acceded to the throne as Henry VIII./// Become a member of an organization e.g., Albania acceded to the IMF (International Monetary Fund) in 1990.// e.g., Today the WTO (World Trade Organization) has 164 member countries, with at least 30 more planning to accede.
· Assuage (pronounced əˈsweɪdʒ) = (verb with object) Make an unpleasant feeling less intense e.g., The letter assuaged the fears of most members.// e.g., ‘Anyway, I’ll assuage my frustration by posting my comment here.’// e.g., But recent happenings assuaged most feelings of guilt./// Satisfy an appetite or desire e.g., An opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge.// e.g., They may have over-eaten, in their desperation to assuage their hunger, or drunk themselves silly.// e.g., ‘I incline to the minority view that science alone cannot assuage our craving for human contact.’
· Incessant = (adjective) (of something regarded as unpleasant) Continuing without pause or interruption e.g., The incessant beat of the music.// e.g., ‘Will the lights on my cable modem and router ever cease their incessant blinking?’ // e.g., The chanting started up again, broken only by the incessant pounding on the windows from the prisoners.// e.g., The first thing you notice about Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is the incessant noise.
· Hare (pronounced hɛː) = (noun) A fast-running, long-eared mammal that resembles a large rabbit, having very long hind (pronounced hʌɪnd; = back) legs and typically found in grassland or open woodland. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Side_view_close_up_of_rabbit_sitting_on_gravel_under_brush.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Brooklyn_Museum_-_California_Hare_-_John_J._Audubon.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Brown_Hare444.jpg and http://animal-dream.com/data_images/hare/hare6.jpg and http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/images/ic/credit/640x395/e/eu/european_hare/european_hare_1.jpg /// A dummy hare propelled around the track in greyhound (pronounced ˈɡreɪhaʊnd) racing. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Greyhound_Racing_3_amk.jpg /// (UK English)(no object, with adverbial of direction) Run with great speed e.g., He hared off between the trees.// ''Run with the hare and hunt with the hounds'' = (phrase) try to remain on good terms with both sides in a conflict or dispute.
· Visor (pronounced ˈvaɪ.zə(r)) = (noun) the part of a helmet that can be pulled down to cover the face or a curved piece of stiff material that is worn above the eyes to give protection from strong light from the sun (^^). For visor of medieval helmet See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Klappvisier_Hundsgugel_by_Wendelin_Boeheim.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Helm_DSC02155.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Double-visored_close_helm_by_Wendelin_Boeheim.jpg For an astronaut helmet with visor See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Apollo12Visor.jpg For a sports visor See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Black_visor.jpg For a racing driver helmet with visor See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Micheal_Fitzgerald_Arai_Racing_Helmet.jpg
· Vista = (noun) (literary) a view, especially a beautiful view from a high position. For a vista drone view See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI1BHEaxtJg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=105brkVmtTs // e.g., After a hard climb, we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky./// A possible future action or event that you can imagine e.g., As a leader, he opened up exciting vistas of global cooperation (^^).
· Haunch (pronounced hɔːntʃ) = (noun) Buttock and thigh considered together, in a human or animal. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Elena_Vesnina_%2819033184615%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Girl_dancing_Holi_feest_2008.jpg and https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8339/8221821721_88b236912c_b.jpg and https://previews.123rf.com/images/shell114/shell1141407/shell114140700027/29760799-Young-woman-with-hand-on-her-haunch-Part-of-body-Close-up-Isolated-over-white-background--Stock-Photo.jpg For animal’s haunch See http://images.digopaul.com/wp-content/uploads/related_images/2015/09/10/haunch_1.jpg and http://2.wlimg.com/product_images/bc-full/dir_37/1091046/turkey-saddle-haunch-190053.jpg /// (mass noun) The leg and loin of an animal, especially a deer, as food e.g., Haunch of venison.// (Architecture) The side of an arch, between the crown and the pier. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/56/70/53/567053f5c2725cf790998c91ace5ce18.jpg and https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/Images/109images/Roman/Arch_diagram.jpg // ''On one's haunches'' = (phrase) with the haunches resting on the backs of the heels e.g., Jack squatted down on his haunches.
· Venison (pronounced ˈven.ɪ.sən) = (noun) meat from a deer. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Venison_escalope_raw.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Norwegian.cuisine-Reinsdyrsteik-01.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Venison_escalope.jpg and http://cdn0.wideopenspaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/VenisonMarinades-630x339.jpg and http://cdn0.wideopenspaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/deermeat-1024x653.jpg
· Ball bearing = A bearing in which the parts are separated by a ring of small freely rotating metal balls which reduce friction. For ball bearing See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/BallBearing.gif and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ball_bearing_self_aligning.gif and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Four-point-contact-bearing_din628_type-qj_180-ex.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ball_Bearing_with_Semi_Transparent_Cover.JPG/220px-Ball_Bearing_with_Semi_Transparent_Cover.JPG and http://kginternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Deep-Groove-Ball-Bearings.jpg
· Roller bearing = A bearing similar to a ball bearing but using small cylindrical rollers instead of balls. For roller bearing See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Cylindrical-roller-bearing_din5412-t1_type-n_ex.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Spherical-roller-bearing_double-row_din635-t2_120.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Tapered-roller-bearing_din720_120.png and http://macmktg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/cylindrical-bearings.jpg and http://www.indiantradebird.com/admin/members/8901/images/0_7f3293bc.jpg
· Dent = (noun) A slight hollow in a hard-even surface made by a blow or pressure. See http://cbsnews1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2016/04/28/693abe24-1318-497d-8fd1-e1f85ea6d118/thumbnail/620x350/8750a3d85b5cf45a78e5ef216a5730ae/nosedentbirdstrikeplaneseattle042716.jpg and http://thedingguy.com/wp-content/uploads/insurance-coordination-paintless-dent-repair.png // e.g., There was a hideous dent in the front passenger door./// A reduction in amount or size e.g., He has barely made a dent in the poverty rate./// Mark with a dent e.g., It also looked aged, the sides dented, and rusted from too much battle, not enough care./// Have an adverse effect on; diminish e.g., This neither deterred him nor dented his enthusiasm.// e.g., But, remarkably, the scandals passed over without denting his credibility, even among conservative voters.
· Hideous (pronounced ˈhɪd.i.əs) = (adjective) Ugly or disgusting to look at e.g., As well as animal forms, demons can have other grotesque and hideous forms.// e.g., His smile made him look more hideous than ever.// e.g., Hideous lizard-like creatures./// Extremely unpleasant e.g., The whole hideous story.// e.g., His life has ended through a hideous execution method.
· Windlass = (noun) A winch, especially one on a ship or in a harbour. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Turnbridge_Liftbridge_RLH.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/L-differentialwinde.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Comparison_differential_pulley_windlass.svg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdMoiOVSaqk and http://www.lewmar.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/horizontal.png?itok=OVngEMjn /// (verb with object) Haul or lift something with a windlass.
· Winch = (noun) A hauling or lifting device consisting of a rope or chain winding around a horizontal rotating drum, turned typically by a crank or by a motor. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Polarstern_anchor-winch_hg.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Wakeskate_winch.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Winch.PNG For a ship mooring winch See http://www.pacificmarine.net/images/mooring-winches/ship-mooring-winches.jpg For a car winch See http://www.trailfx.com/~/media/Images/TrailFX/Recovery/Winches/T83-Winch-On-Jeep-Yellow.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xJSZtDK1k9c/maxresdefault.jpg /// (UK English) The reel of a fishing rod./// The crank of a wheel or axle./// Hoist or haul with a winch e.g., An attempt to winch survivors of the wreck into a helicopter.
· Fishing rod = a long, tapering rod to which a fishing line is attached, typically on a reel. See http://clipartall.com/subimg/fishing-pole-clipart-fishing-rod-image-2-fishing-rod-clipart-2400_2254.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Deepsea.JPG/1200px-Deepsea.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/BrookesFrontpiece1790.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fishingpole.jpg
· Hamper = (noun) A basket with a carrying handle and a hinged lid, used for food, cutlery, and plates on a picnic. For wicker hampers See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Baskets_Wicker.jpg For a Christmas hamper See http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02419/4-christmas-hamper_2419055b.jpg and http://christmas.365greetings.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Rudolphs-Christmas-Hamper-again.jpg For a food hamper See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/cc/a0/b3/cca0b344f7701e1e1ea7d4a02bcbd3da.jpg and https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0242/3783/products/IMG_5752_1024x676_580x@2x.jpg?v=1507775282 For a picnic hamper See https://www.amberleyhampers.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/safari-4-buff-cream-luxury-picnic-hamper-1200x1122.jpg and https://cdn.notonthehighstreet.com/fs/8c/df/b662-1b92-4ff4-8a07-7b32d4b726f2/original_tartan-picnic-hamper.jpg // e.g., A picnic hamper./// (UK English) A basket or box containing food for a special occasion e.g., A Christmas food hamper./// (US English) A large basket with a lid, used for laundry. For a laundry hamper See http://homeposh.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Plastic-laundry-hamper-sorter.jpg and https://des25z4t5zo0v.cloudfront.net/pic_2328_2.jpg // e.g., A laundry hamper./// (verb with object) Hinder or impede the movement or progress of e.g., Social services chiefs have warned that plans to boost the number of adoptions could be hampered by lack of staff.// e.g., Their work is hampered by lack of funds.// e.g., The police organized several cranes to tow away vehicles in the area that were hampering the movement of the firefighters (1 word)./// (mass noun) (Nautical) Necessary but cumbersome equipment on a ship e.g., The mass of the top hamper must be consciously balanced against the large beam.
· Snuff = (noun) Tobacco in the form of a powder for breathing into the nose. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Snuff_assortment-2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Schnupftabak_lose.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Schnupfer_corrected.jpg and https://www.thebackyshop.co.uk/system/pictures/1924/original/Hedges_L260_Snuff_25g_Tin_1oz_tub_Imperial_Tobacco3.jpg and https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/products_marketing/images/snuff.jpg // e.g., Very few people take snuff nowadays./// (transitive verb) To put out a flame, especially from a candle, usually by covering it with something. See http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/files/2010/06/candle_snuffer.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKmw3BECcYY // e.g., One by one she snuffed the candles.
· Sniffle (pronounced ˈsnɪf.(ə)l) = (verb) Sniff slightly or repeatedly, typically because of a cold or fit of crying. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbFGUQ8ggRk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDb4DIBSFQg // e.g., She nodded slightly and sniffled back some tears as she fell in behind him in a slow walk.// e.g., She sat there, sniffling still with her cold, and wondered what on earth she was going to wear./// (noun) An act of sniffing because of a cold or crying e.g., He was restraining his sniffles rather well.
· Wick = (noun) A piece of string in the center of a candle, or a similar part of a light, that supplies fuel to a flame. For candlewick See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Candle_Factory_and_Shop.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bijenwaskaars.jpg/220px-Bijenwaskaars.jpg and http://www.candlechem.com/images/Candle_Wicks.jpg //e.g., Candlewick./// (transitive verb) To absorb liquid from something and remove it; e.g., These special fabrics wick moisture from athlete's skin to keep them comfortable (*).
· Wicked = (adjective) Evil or morally wrong. For the wicked queen in ‘Snow White’ See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9GJtM9lN-I and https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/f/f2/SW_Queen.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130630090059 // e.g., A wicked and unscrupulous politician./// (verb) Absorb or draw off liquid by capillary action. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AydyEhjpoTQ // e.g., These great socks will wick away the sweat.
· Char = (verb with object) Partially burn so as to blacken the surface.// For a bone char See http://68.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lmreizoCJ61qhmwpro1_r2_1280.jpg For an ash char See https://us.123rf.com/450wm/kzwwsko/kzwwsko1507/kzwwsko150702103/41777680-ash-matches.jpg?ver=6 // e.g., A region charred by bushfires.// e.g., Charred remains./// (verb; no object) (of an object) Become blackened as a result of partial burning e.g., The exposed surfaces of the beams may char in a fire./// (mass noun) Material that has been charred e.g., He trimmed the char from the wicks of the oil lamps./// (noun) (UK English) (informal) A charwoman./// (verb; no object) (UK English) (informal) Work as a charwoman e.g., She'd had to char and work in a grocery store to put herself through university./// (mass noun) (UK English)( informal) Tea./// (also as Charr) = a trout-like freshwater or marine fish of northern countries, valued as a food and game fish. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Salvelinusalpinus.jpg
· Charwoman = (noun) A woman employed to clean houses or offices. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/A_charwoman_who_cleans_buses_sweeping_the_floor_of_a_bus_8d32921v.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Carol_Burnett_charwoman_character_1974.JPG and http://www.weblearneng.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/charwoman1.jpg // e.g., In the following six sections, the charwoman Mrs. McNab enters the house, ‘tearing the veil of silence’ of Charmichael's and Mr. Ramsay's poetic/metaphysical visions.
· Trout (pronounced traʊt) = (noun) A chiefly freshwater fish of the salmon family, found in both Eurasia and North America and highly valued as food and game. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brook_trout_1918.jpg/300px-Brook_trout_1918.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f9/Marble_trout_from_zadla%C5%A1%C4%8Dica.jpg
· Pinch = (noun) A small amount of something, such as a powder, especially an amount that a person can hold between their first finger and thumb. See http://atmedia.imgix.net/cd48babc44200d5c52c9d54b8308fa8585c1e386?auto=compress&w=540.0&h=359.0&fit=max and http://www.kitchenelly.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/tarragonsmallpinch.jpg // e.g., While the tomatoes are cooking add a pinch of salt/sugar/ dried thyme (recipe).// (figurative) e.g., Opinion polls on subjects like this should be taken with a pinch of skepticism./// The act of pinching something or someone. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSo0Cwhsm-A and https://www.rhoadtobeauty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/arm-pinch.jpg // e.g., He gave Anna a painful pinch on the arm./// Pinch runner = a baseball player substituted for a player on base (***** for this)./// (transitive or intransitive verb) To press something, especially someone’s skin, strongly between two hard things such as a finger and a thumb, usually causing pain. See (skin pinching for giving an injection) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Penile_nerve_block_dorsal.jpg and https://www.rhoadtobeauty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/arm-pinch.jpg // e.g., ‘Ouch! Stop pinching (me)!’// e.g., These shoes are too tight, they pinch (my feet)./// Pinch yourself = (informal) you say that you have to pinch yourself if you cannot really believe something that has happened because it is so good or so strange e.g., ‘I can't believe that he's back from Canada and he's mine – I keep having to pinch myself to make sure I'm not dreaming.’// (transitive verb) (informal) = to steal something e.g., ‘Who's pinched my chair?’ (*).
· Condone = (verb with object; often with negative) Accept behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive e.g., The college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs.// e.g., No matter where you are from, you cannot condone this behavior./// Approve or sanction something, especially with reluctance e.g., The practice is not officially condoned by any airline.// e.g., This was not a school agreed protest and we did not sanction this or condone it in any way.
· Shrew = (noun) a small mouse-like insectivorous (= an animal that eats only insects) mammal with a long-pointed snout and tiny eyes. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Southern_short-tailed_shrew.jpg and http://wordinfo.info/words/images/shrew-mouse.gif and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Common_Shrew.jpg/1200px-Common_Shrew.jpg // A bad-tempered or aggressively assertive woman (You may recall the play of Shakespeare ‘The taming of the Shrew’ – See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdLha6MoVh0 ) e.g., ‘Hold your nagging tongue, you miserable old shrew!’
· Entrepreneur (pronounced ɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr) = (noun) a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so e.g., Many entrepreneurs see potential in this market.// e.g., The Edinburgh-based company is also in the final stages of appointing an experienced Scottish technology entrepreneur as chairman.// e.g., The researchers studied some 90 start-up business entrepreneurs and compared them with a control group.// e.g., An internet entrepreneur has sold his online company, which he built up from nothing, for £1 million./// A promoter in the entertainment industry e.g., The music entrepreneur pulled back from financing a screenplay.
· A good entrepreneur should have the following skills: leadership; team leader; problem-solving; risk-taking; strategy; innovation; being competitive and realistic as well. (an entrepreneur is taking on greater than normal financial risks).
· Economist = (noun) An expert in economics e.g., One of North America's leading agricultural economists said Tuesday that farms would have to adapt or perish.
· Baby boom = (noun) A temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II e.g., The number of college graduates mushroomed in the early- to mid-1970s, thanks to the baby boom.
· Baby boomer = (noun) A person born in the years following World War II when there was a temporary marked increase in the birth rate.
· Incidence: incidence, occurrence, case/ cases; instances
· Instances = occurrence
· Prevalence = total number of cases in specific time
· Incidence = new cases over a period of time
· ''Time’s up!'' = (phrase) there are no more minutes, hours, etc. available e.g., ‘Ok, everyone, time’s up for this week’ (**).
· The elderly population/ People over retirement age (= people over 67 years old)
· Taking everything into consideration (not ‘Everything taking into consideration’)/ Everything taken into account/ All things considered
· ''Money makes the world go round!'' (as the song of Liza Minnelli says - See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIAXG_QcQNU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8P80A8vy9I )
· Live streaming (verb)// Livestream (1 word) (noun)
· At the weekend (but it may be ‘on the weekend’ in US English) (My comment: I recommend using only the form ‘at the weekend’ at the IELTS exams)
· The battle of Dunkirk
· Andrew (name)
· Handcuffs
· Blouse is pronounced blaʊz
· Precisely
· Grocery = (noun) a shop selling food and small things for the home (^^).
· Greengrocery = (noun) a shop that sells fruit and vegetables.
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