· Reclamation = (noun) the process of claiming something back or of reasserting a right e.g., The reclamation of our shared history.// e.g., These memories are a conscious act of reclamation.
· Herd = (noun) a large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live together or are kept together as livestock. For an animal herd See http://hddesktopwallpapers.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/animal-herd-wallpapers.jpg For a herd of goats See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Herd_Of_Goats.jpg/195px-Herd_Of_Goats.jpg // e.g., A herd of elephants.
· Hamlet (pronounced ˈhamlɪt) = (noun) A legendary prince of Denmark, a hero of a tragedy by Shakespeare./// A small village, usually without a church (^^). See http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/06/15/article-2342168-1A5579D4000005DC-857_634x411.jpg
· Gorge (vs) Ravine (vs) Gully (Gulley) (vs) Canyon (My comment: I think that from all the referred words, most non-native speakers know ‘canyon’ from the ‘Grand Canyon’ in the US!)
· Gorge (pronounced ɡɔːdʒ) = (noun) a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through. it. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Vikos_Gorge_from_Beloe.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Manawatu_Gorge_New_Zealand.jpg // e.g., Rivers such as the Dudh Kosi have carved deep gorges into the mountains, leaving a complex terrain of steep ridges and narrow valleys
· Ravine (pronounced rəˈviːn) (not to be confused with ‘rabbi’ or ‘raven’) = (noun) a deep, narrow gorge with steep sides.See https://theanalogybank.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/greecemeteoraravine-10241.jpg and http://s4.thingpic.com/images/TU/4kd6cYvnDMuqymh7244svJR8.jpeg /// e.g., Some of the cracks were small, yet some were very large, like a ravine or a gorge.
· Gully (or gulley)(pronounced ˈɡʌl.i) = (noun) A water-worn ravine. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gully_in_the_Kharkov_region.jpg/1200px-Gully_in_the_Kharkov_region.jpg and https://ak.picdn.net/offset/photos/5730ce45ba6f6bfc1a4820bc/medium/offset_369695.jpg and http://wiki.climbing.ie/images/0/01/Crottys_Gully_NE_facing_climbs.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/A_gully_(Budanova_Gora)_1.jpg // e.g., Small, unsurfaced roads dipping through gullies and ravines are apt to get wiped out by flash flooding, and help in remote areas usually is slow in coming./// (verb) Erode gullies into land by water action e.g., He began to pick his way over the gullied landscape.
· Canyon = (noun) A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it, as found in North America (southwestern US)./// For the Grand Canyon See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Grand_Canyon_view_from_Pima_Point_2010.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/GCRockfall.JPG // e.g., ‘We're utilizing the helicopters in some of the rough areas to get into those deep, steep canyons.’// (in place names) e.g., The Grand Canyon.
· Crag = (noun) a steep or rugged cliff or rock face. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Lookout_crag_-_Ben_Lomond_-_Tasmania.JPG and http://www.supertopo.com/photos/3/97/161183_14684_L.jpg // e.g., The mountains are so close, you can see every crag and cranny.
· Ridge = (noun) a long, narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain. See http://miriadna.com/desctopwalls/images/max/The-fence-along-the-mountain-ridge.jpg and http://www.worldatlas.com/r/w728-h425-c728x425/upload/97/15/41/blue-ridge-mountains.jpg and http://www.hotelroomsearch.net/im/hotels/caribbean/jm/ridge-2.jpg For the ridge of Everest See http://images.summitpost.org/original/712049.jpg and http://www.wearethegoodlife.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/20061018_Everest_Summit_00841.jpg // e.g., The North-East ridge of Everest.// e.g., We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.// (figurative) e.g., A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon./// The part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top (*). See http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/Obama/solar_7.jpg and http://diyinahour.com/diy/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Roof-Ridge-Line.jpg
· Tile (pronounced tʌɪl) = (noun) a thin rectangular slab of baked clay or other material, used in overlapping rows for covering roofs. For roof tiles See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Roof-Tile-3149.jpg/220px-Roof-Tile-3149.jpg and http://www.commonwealthroofing.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/tile-roof-roof-tile-cu.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Dinkelsbuehl_Kirchturm_West.jpg // For kitchen/wall/ bath and flooring tiles See http://www.homedepot.com/hdus/en_US/DTCCOMNEW/fetch/Category_Pages/Flooring/Tile/outdoor-stone-tile-12g.jpg and http://www.floorsandmore-inc.com/static/img/ZoomImageIron%20Square%20Large%20Tiles1308299840.jpg// e.g., Trees shook violently and tiles were dislodged from rooftops.
· Slab = (noun) a large, thick, flat piece of stone or concrete, typically square or rectangular. See http://kingfisher.scene7.com/is/image/Kingfisher/5015111807894_01i For paving slab See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b5/16/06/b5160628534a3c523526fdb6475b3582.jpg and http://wickes.scene7.com/is/image/travisperkins/largeNormal/Paving-Slabs-Marshalls-Heritage-Riven-Old-Yorkshire-600-x-600-x-38mm-Paving-Slab-Pack-of-22~M3549_210916_00?defaultImage=travisperkins/missing-product // e.g., Paving slabs.// e.g., He settled on a slab of rock.
· Slag = (noun) waste material produced when coal is dug from the ground, or a substance produced by mixing chemicals with metal that has been heated until it is liquid in order to remove unwanted substances from it. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Slag_from_iron_ore_melting.jpg/220px-Slag_from_iron_ore_melting.jpg and http://www.turnstone.ca/railslag-1.jpg For slag iron See https://3.imimg.com/data3/RB/GT/MY-6130521/iron-slag-250x250.png For a meteorite slag See https://www.clemson.edu/public/geomuseum/_images/slag.png /// A woman who people disapprove because she had a lot of sexual partners./// (Australian English) (informal) spit noun (from mouth) (My comment as an Aussie guy: I don’t use it).
· Deft = (adjective) neatly skillful and quick in one's movements e.g., A deft piece of footwork.// e.g., He is very deft at handling awkward situations ((^^) for the 2nd example). // e.g., On the roof of the cave deft hands had painted bison, elk, horses and wild boars./// Demonstrating skill and cleverness, e.g., The script was both deft and literate.// e.g., In her hands, the premise became a deft and intriguing piece of work.
· Culinary (pronounced ˈkʌlɪn(ə)ri) = (adjective) of or for cooking e.g., Culinary skills.// e.g., Savor the culinary delights of the region.// e.g., Night after night they endure such culinary imperfections at the hands of the nation's top chefs.
· Savour (‘savor’ in US English) (pronounced ˈseɪ.və(r)) = (verb with object) Taste good food or drink and enjoy it to the full. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Wukzpkzomo and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E25XfwZ9R-o e.g., The movement promotes homemade, handmade food, biodiversity, sustainability - and, above all, taking the time to savor good food at the table.// e.g., Gourmets will want to savor our game specialties./// Enjoy or appreciate something pleasant to the full, especially by lingering over it e.g., ‘I wanted to savor every moment.’/// Savor of = (verb; no object) Have a suggestion or trace of a quality or attribute, typically one considered bad e.g., A reform that is Catholic in spirit will seek to maintain communion with the whole body of the Church, and will avoid anything savoring of schism or factionalism.// e.g., That would savor of something like treachery, a kind of anti-supporting of your own team./// (mass noun) A characteristic taste, flavor, or smell, especially a pleasant one e.g., The subtle savor of wood smoke./// A suggestion or trace, typically of something bad e.g., The air had a metallic savor and my throat suddenly went dry.
· Savoury (savory in US English) = (adjective) (of food) Belonging to the category that is salty or spicy rather than sweet. See http://www.shockinglydelicious.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Cheddar-and-Onion-Cracker-Pie-on-ShockinglyDelicious.com_-480x320.jpg and http://www.sweetpaulmag.com/1EatContent/images/2012/4510550_281273_Sole2.jpg?Action=thumbnail&Width=512&Height=640&algorithm=fill_proportional // e.g., Linda imagined thin, crispy crust smothered in sweet yet savory tomato sauce, warm cheese, pepperoni, and succulent mushrooms./// Morally wholesome or acceptable e.g., Everyone knew it was a front for less savory operations./// An aromatic plant of the mint family, used as a culinary herb. See https://cimg2.ibsrv.net/cimg/www.doityourself.com/660x300_100/210/Savory-the-Herb-of-Love-4210.jpg // e.g., Harvest culinary and medicinal herbs like lemon balm, mint, French tarragon, summer savory and basil before they go to seed./// A savory dish, especially a snack or an appetizer e.g., Teas will be served during the afternoon, and the organizers will welcome donations of food, cakes, and savories.
· Linger (pronounced ˈlɪŋ.ɡə(r)) = (verb with object) Stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance to leave e.g., She lingered in the yard, enjoying the warm sunshine.// (figurative) e.g., She let her eyes linger on him suggestively.// e.g., My gaze lingered there a moment longer watching David when he turned around and smiled./// Linger over = spend a long time over something e.g., She lingered over her meal.// e.g., Christmas is the time we linger over our meals longer than at any other./// Be slow to disappear or die e.g., The tradition seems to linger on.// e.g., We are thankful that she didn't linger on and suffer.
· Disciple (pronounced dɪˈsʌɪp(ə)l) (not to be confused with ‘discipline’) = (noun) a personal follower of Christ during his life, especially one of the twelve Apostles. See https://redeeminggod.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/BIble-Jesus-Disciples-1080x608.jpg and https://www.lds.org/bc/content/ldsorg/church/news/2016/05/19/580-Savior%20with%20disciples.jpg // e.g., As Christ said to his disciples, there are certain types of devils that can only be chased by fasting, sacrifice, and prayer.// A follower or pupil of a teacher, leader, or philosopher e.g., A disciple of Marx./// The Disciples = the 12 men who followed Jesus Christ during His life (^^ for ‘The disciples’) See https://redeeminggod.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/BIble-Jesus-Disciples-1080x608.jpg
· Bladder = (noun) (anatomy) a muscular membranous sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion.// For human bladder See http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/image_article_collections/anatomy_pages/bladder_copy.jpg?resize=646px:*&output-quality=100 // e.g., Patients were asked to empty their bladders before going to bed./// An inflated or hollow flexible bag or chamber e.g., A dried bladder of seaweed.
· Blunder = (noun) a stupid or careless mistake e.g., He stopped, finally aware of the terrible blunder he had made.// e.g., There are people hired by filmmakers to check possible mistakes, but glaring blunders still get through.// e.g., At the start of the new millennium, the corporate world witnessed major fiascos and ethical blunders.
· Bland (vs) Blunt
· Bland (not to be confused with ‘blunt’) = (noun) Not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy e.g., Techno music these days is so bland.// e.g., I find chicken a little bland (^^) // e.g., Bland, mass-produced pop music./// (Of food or drink) unseasoned, mild-tasting, or insipid e.g., A bland and unadventurous vegetarian dish.// e.g., Standardized bland beers of mediocre quality./// Showing no strong emotion, e.g., His expression was bland and unreadable.
· Blunt = (adjective) (of a knife, pencil, etc.) Having a worn-down edge or point; not sharp e.g., A blunt knife./// Having a flat or rounded end e.g., The blunt tip of the leaf./// (of a person or remark) Uncompromisingly forthright e.g., A blunt statement of fact.// e.g., He is as blunt as a kick in the shins./// (verb) Make or become less sharp.// (verb with object) e.g., Wood can blunt your ax.// (verb; no object) e.g., The edge may blunt very rapidly./// (verb with object) Weaken or reduce the force of something e.g., Their determination had been blunted./// (noun) (informal) A hollowed-out cigar filled with marijuana.
· Forthright = (adjective) (of a person or their manner or speech) Direct and outspoken; straightforward and honest e.g., His most forthright attack yet on the reforms.// e.g., People respected her honesty and forthright manner, qualities which endeared her to all.// e.g., He has a refreshingly forthright approach to his cricket.
· Blare = (verb) make or cause to make a loud, harsh sound. For ambulance siren (pronounced ˈsaɪə.rən) blaring See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPR7tUEUptk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nqkhC8zn8Y // e.g., The ambulance arrived outside, siren blaring.// e.g., The radio was blaring out martial music (^^ for the last example) // e.g., After the announcement of the president’s resignation, car horns blared and cheering crowds raced through the streets of the Zimbabwean capital Harare (from the BBC and http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Car-horns-wild-cheers-Harare-Mugabe-resigns/688340-4197424-q0uq46/index.html )
· Probe (as a noun) = (noun) (medicine) a blunt-ended surgical instrument used for exploring a wound or part of the body. See http://www.conrad.com/medias/global/ce/1000_1999/1200/1230/1233/123325_BB_01_FB.EPS_1000.jpg // (My comment as a medic: a probe is used in bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, esophagogastroscopy, cystoscopy etc.) // e.g., These probes could be repeatedly and safely inserted through the fiberoptic bronchoscope in normal healthy volunteers./// A thorough investigation into a crime or other matter e.g., A probe into city hall corruption.// e.g., The arrests followed Operation Norfolk, a probe into drug trafficking conducted by the National Crime Squad.
· Fishery = (noun) a place where fish are reared for commercial purposes. See http://www.ictsd.org/sites/default/files/news/Fisheries.jpg and http://www.fao.org/uploads/pics/fishery.jpg // e.g., For many years there was a commercial fishery for basking sharks, as their liver oil, in particular, is highly prized (My comment as a medic: it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D – the shark cartilage is used as a source for chondroitin supplements for arthritis).
· Revel (pronounced ˈrev(ə)l) = (verb; no object) Enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way, especially with drinking and dancing. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-eIdhj9wdA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2rGoNLGLNs and https://s3-media4.fl.yelpcdn.com/bphoto/mzBFbXhyzb0IZqubvbNbcA/348s.jpg // e.g., They spent the evening reveling with their guests.// e.g., A night of drunken reveling./// Revel in = get great pleasure from a situation or experience e.g., Steven said he was secretly reveling in his new-found fame.// e.g., George reveled in the situation and said it was just what he was hoping for./// (noun) Revels = Lively and noisy enjoyment, especially with drinking and dancing. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFwPmkHm-8I e.g., The records of student revels at the Inn showed them electing a Prince of Misrule whose reign ended on February the 2nd.
· Reveler (or reveller) (pronounced ˈrevələr or ˈrɛvələr) = (noun) A person who is enjoying themselves in a lively and noisy way. See http://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/fq20121026a1a.jpg and http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.121854.1313965857!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/article_750/alg-st-patricks-revelers-jpg.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2rGoNLGLNs e.g., The city's traditional Labor Day bash usually attracts more than 100,000 revelers.// e.g., The entire street is filled with costumed revelers shaking their hips to the pulsing throb of Latin music.
· Rear = (noun) the back part of something, especially a building or vehicle e.g., The kitchen door at the rear of the house./// The space or position at the back of something or someone e.g., The field at the rear of the church./// A person's buttocks.// (verb) Bring up and care for a child until they are fully grown, especially in a particular manner or place e.g., He was born and reared in New York City./// (of a horse or other animal) Raise itself upright on its hind legs. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Dgp-qc0P5s and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUlMWGLsbCw // e.g., The horse reared in terror.
· Rear-end = (transitive verb) (informal) To hit the back of one car with another in an accident. For rear-ended car accident See https://www.caraccidentcaselaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rear-end.jpgand http://danpruittlawfirm.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Rear-end-collision-Dan-Pruitt-Attorney-Greenville-SC.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0llTj_z_wto and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDF5t-M6Vg4 // e.g., My new car was rear-ended while it was parked outside the railway station (^^).
· Hind (pronounced hʌɪnd) = (adjective) (especially of a bodily part) situated at the back; posterior e.g., A hind leg./// A female deer, especially a red deer or sika in and after the third year. See http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/p15650doc.jpg and http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/01/61/24/1612497_10cf8b77.jpg /// On one's hind legs = (phrase) Standing up to make a speech e.g., He wasn't afraid to get up on his hind legs at a social gathering and talk.
· Sika = (noun) A forest-dwelling deer with a greyish winter coat that turns yellowish-brown with white spots in summer. It is native to Japan and Southeast Asia and naturalized elsewhere. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Cervus_nippon_dybowski_nbg.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cervus_nippon_hortulorum_qtl5.jpg/220px-Cervus_nippon_hortulorum_qtl5.jpg
· Flare (vs) Flair
· Flare (not to be confused with ‘flair’) = (noun) A sudden brief burst of bright flame or light. See https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/09/18/48/flare-666138_960_720.jpg and https://traceymarinelli.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/colorful-flare-wallpaper.jpg // e.g., The flare of the match lit up his face./// A device producing a very bright flame used especially as a signal or marker. For LED emergency safety fare light See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1xyUVPbpMQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt3it7cQ5rE For flare gun See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dLL-1cLQGM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDqBWxV-Fpg // e.g., A flare gun./// A sudden burst of intense emotion e.g., She felt a flare of anger within her./// A sudden recurrence of inflammation or other medical condition e.g., Steroid treatment for ulcerative colitis flares./// A gradual widening in shape, especially towards the hem of a garment. For flare dress See https://www.modcloth.com/dw/image/v2/ABAT_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-modcloth-master/default/dw35fae1b9/images/10090278_BLUSH_MAIN.jpg?sw=913&sh=1304&sm=fit and http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/image/DVF/10399DVFCBCKC_A1?$pdp-src-wide$&fit=constrain // e.g., It is loose cut through the leg, with a slight flare to add shape./// Flared trousers (also known as 'palazzo pants' – mentioned below) = trousers whose legs get progressively wider from the knees down. See https://thefashiontag.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/retro-flared-trousers.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9f/c5/e3/9fc5e3116e2d673ba5fb6a22ffd7ee35.jpg
· Flair = (noun) (in singular) A special or instinctive aptitude or ability for doing something well e.g., She has a flair for languages./// (mass noun) e.g., None of us had much artistic flair.’/// (mass noun) Stylishness and originality e.g., She dressed with flair./// A situation in which something is done in an exciting and interesting way e.g., She played with great imagination and flair.// e.g., It is a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair ((^^) for the last meaning).
· Palazzo pants (see also ‘flared trousers’) = (noun) A woman's loose, wide-legged pants. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/60/08/9f/60089f9ff9a3a46da79afdb93e6281ea.jpg and https://harempants.imgix.net/s/files/1/0754/0497/products/Sure_Design_13_80_of_368_grande.jpg?v=1424877676&q=50 and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b4/64/46/b464468d4cdeb9d1faaa6504a53ee1b3--palazzo-broek-flowy-pants.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/60/08/9f/60089f9ff9a3a46da79afdb93e6281ea.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b4/64/46/b464468d4cdeb9d1faaa6504a53ee1b3.jpg
· Cracked = (adjective) If something is cracked, it is damaged with one or more thin lines on its surface e.g., A cracked mirror/ window.// e.g., Cracked place./// My comment: We also use the term for computer programs that are given from internet ‘pirates’ or friends, rather than purchased legally from original manufacturers (such as Microsoft). These often do not work 100%, as some features may miss or be defective. The definition is: Software cracking is the modification of software to remove or disable features which are considered undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features (including protection against the manipulation of software, serial number, hardware key, date checks and disc check) or software annoyances like nag screens and adware (*****).
· Pledge (not to be confused with ‘plead’) = (noun) a solemn promise or undertaking e.g., The conference ended with a joint pledge to limit pollution.// e.g., The new president of France pledged more legal reforms for job growth (the latter example is from the BBC news)./// (law) A thing that is given as security for the fulfillment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure e.g., He had given the object as a pledge to a creditor./// A thing given as a token of love, favor, or loyalty e.g., ‘I have no intention of giving you anything that could be held against me as a pledge.’
· Solemn = (adjective) Formal and dignified e.g. A solemn procession (= a number of people or vehicles moving forward in an orderly fashion, especially as part of a ceremony or festival).// e.g., A solemn promise to do a specified thing.// e.g., It's a solemn, formal occasion witnessed with pride by family and friends./// Not cheerful or smiling; serious e.g., Nick looked very solemn.// e.g., Finally he sat up to face her, his eyes now solemn and serious.// e.g., A forum that often is raucous (pronounced ˈrɔː.kəs; = making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise) and rowdy (pronounced ˈraʊ.di; = noisy and disorderly) was solemn and grave./// Characterized by deep sincerity e.g., She swore a solemn oath to keep her faith.// e.g., The associate justices wrote that they are ‘bound by solemn oath to follow the law, whether they agree or disagree with it.
· Raucous (pronounced rôkəs) = (adjective) making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise.// For raucous noise See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K1MbUJdQy0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWI1HLTMdfk For raucous ravens See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VA3YfK2QEww // e.g., Raucous youths.// e.g., He threw the keys back and forth, causing them to fill the air with raucous noise.// e.g., Suddenly he began to laugh, a loud and raucous sound it was, almost making you feel ashamed to be next to him.
· Politically correct/ political correctness.
· Politically incorrect = not politically correct; non-politically correct
· Rowdy (pronounced ˈraʊdi) = (adjective) Noisy and disorderly. For rowdy kids See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZuQLzhUntE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccctJz5ZflY // e.g., It was a rowdy but good-natured crowd.// e.g., One by one, loud, rowdy girls begin to file in from the halls./// (noun) A noisy and disorderly person e.g., They were accused of being rowdies in the pub.// e.g., Youngsters are not just a bunch of movie-type heroes or roadside rowdies who would bring disgrace to society with their actions
· Vow (pronounced vaʊ) = (noun) A solemn promise e.g., Their silence was a vow of commitment stronger than faith./// Vows = a set of solemn promises committing one to a prescribed role, calling, or course of action, typically to marriage or a monastic career e.g., The vows of celibacy.// e.g., One clue may be found in some of the book's chapter headings, which repeat the marriage vows from the Book of Common Prayer./// (verb) (reporting verb) Solemnly promise to do a specified thing.// (with infinitive) e.g., The rebels vowed to continue fighting.// (with clause) e.g., I vowed that my family would never go hungry.// (with direct speech) ‘Never again!’ she vowed.’
· Celibacy = (mass noun) The state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations (My comment: such as nuns, monks, and priests (apart from certain denominations)) e.g., A priest who had taken a vow of celibacy.// e.g., Johnson in Rasselas says that ‘Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasures!’
· Implicit (vs) Explicit
· Implicit = (adjective) suggested though not directly expressed. Synonym = implied.// e.g., Comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies.// e.g., Implicit in the poem’s closing lines are the poet’s own religious doubts.// e.g., It always maintains an implicit threat of violence./// Implicit in = always to be found in; essentially connected with e.g., The values implicit in the school ethos (pronounced ˈiː.θɒs; = the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations).// e.g., The contradictions implicit in this argument are fairly obvious./// With no qualification or question; absolute e.g., An implicit faith in God.// e.g., The message was basic to the Victorian army: that systematic uniformity and implicit obedience were essential./// (Mathematics) (Of a function) Not expressed directly regarding independent variables.
· Explicit = (adjective) Stated clearly, and in detail e.g., The arrangement had not been made explicit.// e.g., ‘I gave to my sister very explicit directions how to come to the theater and find me’ (my example).// e.g., ‘You may use my personal information - but only with my explicit permission.’// (Of a person) explicitly stating something e.g., ‘Let me be explicit.’ // e.g., His former colleagues were explicit in their condemnation./// Showing or talking about sex or violence in a very detailed way e.g., A sexually explicit film ((^^) for the 2nd meaning). // e.g., The trilogy also introduced a far more explicit approach to the sexual nature of the vampire.// Parents should be warned about the explicit content of movies (my example).
· Dexter = (My comment: I guess you know the TV series, but what is its original meaning?) (Heraldry)(archaic)(attributive) (noun) on or towards the right-hand side in a coat of arms, from the bearer's point of view, i.e., the left as it is depicted; the opposite of sinister.// An animal of a small, hardy breed of Irish cattle.
· Dexterity = (mass noun) Skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands e.g., His dexterity with chopsticks.// e.g., His record testifies to a certain dexterity in politics.// e.g., Scottish working people have traditionally valued intelligence and linguistic dexterity in their political leaders.
· Sinister = (adjective) giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen e.g., There was something sinister about that murmuring voice.// e.g., Not to be overlooked in the controversy were the paranoid prognosticators (= predictors, forecasters) who saw grand conspiracies and sinister plots everywhere./// Evil or criminal e.g., There might be a more sinister motive behind the government's actions.// e.g., In many of his books, the heroes are noble trial lawyers while the villains are sinister corporations and the lawyers who agree to defend them.//// (Heraldry) (archaic; attributive) Of, on, or towards the left-hand side (in a coat of arms, from the bearer's point of view, i.e., the right as it is depicted; the opposite of dexter.
· Pillion = (noun) a seat for a passenger behind a motorcyclist. See http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/article19910210.ece/alternates/FREE_660/24BGPILLION and https://cdn.instructables.com/F3W/6N6K/FLLZY54C/F3W6N6KFLLZY54C.LARGE.jpg and http://images.mcn.bauercdn.com/upload/287050/images/pillion.jpg // e.g., The accident last night was one of four serious collisions in North Yorkshire over the Bank Holiday weekend, which left three motorcyclists dead and a pillion passenger seriously injured./// Ride pillion = (phrase) Travel seated behind a motorcyclist e.g., The biker's wife, a 40-year-old woman riding pillion, suffered a broken wrist and suspected broken leg.
· Jog (verb; the noun is ‘jogging’ and ‘jog’) = (verb) Run at a steady, gentle pace, especially on a regular basis as a form of physical exercise e.g., He began to jog along the road.// e.g., Right now she is jogging three miles a day./// (Of a horse) move at a slow trot e.g., They caught and saddled their horses and jogged up to the high grass moorland./// Move in an unsteady way e.g., The bus jogged and jolted.// e.g., In an almost jogging rhythm, the song quickly turned into a ballad./// (verb with object) Nudge or knock slightly e.g., A hand jogged his elbow.// e.g., One evening, he jogged her arm accidentally and spilled (or ‘spilt’ in UK English) some tea on her sari./// (noun) A spell of jogging e.g., His morning jog./// (in singular) A gentle running pace e.g., He set off along the bank at a jog./// A slight push or nudge e.g., He gave her a jog with his elbow.
· Jolt = (verb with object) push or shake someone or something abruptly and roughly. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH1soCKT9nQ For jolt Harlem shake See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWvn-lGcG_Q and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmrqaneVed0 For young people ‘get jolted’ at a night club See https://www.sauceink.com/living/wp-content/uploads/sites/649/2017/08/Zouk-Singapore-1-1038x692.jpg and https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/980x551/public/2015/10/23/153-online-this_handout_image_show_zouk_club_in_singapore._credit_handout.jpg?itok=XqzlTIBR // e.g., A surge in the crowd behind him jolted him forwards// e.g., The impact of the vehicle has jolted the whole house, and the brickwork has moved by about 2cm, making it impossible to open a door in the kitchen./// Give a surprise or shock to someone in order to make them act or change e.g., ‘I gave her a gentle shake, jolting her mind from its incoherent tangles of thought.’// e.g., ‘I tried to jolt him out of his depression.’/// Move with sudden lurches e.g., The train jolted into motion.// e.g., Suddenly, the bus jolted to a halt, and his head crashed into the seat in front of him./// An abrupt rough or violent movement e.g., He felt a jolt when the plane started to climb./// An unpleasant surprise or shock e.g., That information gave her a severe jolt.
· Lurch (pronounced ləːtʃ) = (verb) make an abrupt, unsteady, uncontrolled movement or series of movements; stagger. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iUwdYuztrE For zombie lurch through the city See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_ToUppdGyE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30U6sZkwOyI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knHIXgMVhk0 // e.g., The car lurched forward.// e.g., Mary lurched to her feet.// e.g., He was lurching from one crisis to the next./// Leave someone in the lurch = (phrase) leave an associate or friend abruptly and without assistance or support when they are in a difficult situation e.g., ‘He left you in the lurch when you needed him most.’
· Nudge = (verb) prod someone gently with one's elbow in order to attract attention. See http://healthyinfluence.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/nudge.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qs8W0919qZQ and https://s3.amazonaws.com/lowres.cartoonstock.com/social-issues-politician-minister-governments-nudges-nudge-cgon1142_low.jpg For a nudging fish See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7se-10IIuP8 For 2 parrots nudging each other See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0ye-ssO7dE // e.g., People were nudging each other and pointing at me.// e.g., He nudged her with his elbow, reminding her gently, ‘Some girls go for older guys!’ /// Touch or push something gently or gradually. See https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2016/06/22/trh_nudge_artwork_wide-b9839d2a82c441c2574e4ae46edcb263fc5bfc03.jpg?s=1400 // e.g., The canoe nudged a bank of reeds.// e.g., ‘The canteen was getting more and more cramped by the second, and I found myself having to bump and nudge my way through the mass of students crowded in front of the exit.’ /// Coax (= persuade someone gradually or by flattery to do something) or gently encourage someone to do something e.g., ‘We have to nudge the politicians in the right direction.’// e.g., ‘I think physicians (= doctors) are being nudged back in that direction, and I am very encouraged by that.’ /// Approach an age, figure, or level very closely e.g., Both men were nudging fifty./// A light touch or push e.g., He gave her shoulder a nudge./// (figurative) She appreciated the nudge to her memory.
· Prod = (verb) poke with a finger, foot, or pointed object. See https://ladyfi.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/prod.jpg and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgINKmrdorWXbnssaJE85Z0sejW_hPV2yuX5th3BVuray3lL19mIpmwrPytaZCbVGMyWN9dhopM4ZPgIfsFOmaXEzH37reQJ33EWR22KkrP3qxUwvKLlXA885LXlLrqFO1eQ5Dg1oFK950/s1600/cattle+prod+pump.jpg // e.g., ‘I prodded him in the ribs to stop her snoring.’/// (verb; no object) e.g., A woman prods at a tiger with a stick./// Stimulate or persuade someone who is reluctant or slow to do something e.g., They attempted to prod the central bank into cutting interest rates.// e.g., He has been trying to prod the White House into launching an antipoverty program./// (noun) A poke with a finger, foot, or pointed object e.g., The kid shyly thanked me for the compliment (after a subtle prod from Dad), and then he continued jumping around./// An act of stimulating or reminding someone to do something e.g., ‘He'll need a little prod to get back to the task at hand.’/// A pointed implement, typically one discharging an electric current and used as a goad. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2miYMOd04g and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUxa9lXmTLM // e.g., A cattle prod.
· Poke (my comment: I guess you are familiar with this word from Facebook!) = (verb with object) jab or prod someone or something with one's finger or a sharp object. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeHwLoheC6w and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni9ohaKYhLM and http://butterflynetworking.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/ShoulderTap1-300x199.jpg and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-V-X4Q93M6iSogyLi3qYmIqXePE096AM3nNnn7ROqVY7pz_dv1jbqmVWXxGsQE06d-bkW3lfc4do14Mv78OxZkC33PlURZr4RBaofuQ_KldCHmh-1ZofHBQGjhmANuvyCXq2LYl-Mvw/s1600/images.jpg and http://orig05.deviantart.net/b095/f/2012/175/6/0/_le_poke__by_scarlettesaphire101-d54qgms.png // e.g., He poked Ben in the ribs and pointed.// (verb; no object) They sniffed, felt, and poked at everything they bought./// Prod and stir fire with a poker to make it burn more fiercely. For blow poke (fire) See https://www.victorianfireplaceshop.com/assets/images/Accessorie/how-to-hold-a-blowpoke.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1RI-V1A8HU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVmy8ZciUT0 // e.g., He drew the curtains then poked the fire into a blaze./// Make a hole in something by prodding or jabbing at it. See https://cdn.instructables.com/F90/L8BO/GCI8PHEO/F90L8BOGCI8PHEO.MEDIUM.jpg /// (Vulgar slang of a guy) Have sexual intercourse with a woman.
· Jab = (verb) poke roughly or quickly, especially with something sharp or pointed e.g., ‘I jabbed him in his ribs.’// e.g., She jabbed at the air with her finger./// Roughly or quickly thrust a sharp or pointed object someone or something e.g., He jabbed the fork into the earth.// e.g., He was behind the man in thirty seconds, and while turning around, jabbed the syringe into his buttock./// A quick, sharp blow, especially with the fist. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAta8NSTc6Q and http://img.tfd.com/skyhorse/UnfWord/th/jab.gif and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsG96ZYYVjY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCXOSMRytGc // e.g., A jab in the stomach./// (UK English) (informal) A hypodermic injection, especially a vaccination. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmrSyyUSPNM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhrdDgZ9JBo // e.g., An anti-tetanus jab./// A sharp, painful sensation or feeling e.g., A jab of envy.
· Fallible = (adjective) capable of making mistakes or being wrong. Synonym = error-prone.// e.g., Experts can be fallible.// e.g., No one could imagine Margaret Thatcher appearing on television to admit that she was fallible.// e.g., The state has no innate moral compass to guide it, and the people who should be its guide are all too fallible.
· Fall out = (phrasal verb) happen; turn out e.g., The subject matter falls out as irrelevant, the different views on the same thing are what it's about.// e.g., ‘I have a fascinating result that falls out of the trust experiments.’// Leave one's place in a military formation, or on parade e.g., The two police officers at the rear fell out of the formation.// For falling out of formation See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c0dE0J8VGk /// Argue e.g., She had fallen out with her family.// e.g., Sadly the sheer size of the commission proved too much for Papworth; client and architect fell out over money./// (Of the hair, teeth, etc.) become detached and drop out.
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