· Toss = (transitive verb) (usually with adverb/ preposition) to throw something carelessly e.g., He glanced at the letter and then tossed it into the bin.// e.g., The bull tossed him up into the air./// (+ 2 objects) e.g., Andrew tossed him the ball./// (transitive verb) Tossed food = when you toss food you shake or mix small pieces of it with a sauce or dressing. See http://www.seriouseats.com/images/2014/06/20140701-skillet-flip-vicky-wasik-5.jpg and http://www.sbs.com.au/food/sites/sbs.com.au.food/files/8_1.jpg // e.g., A tossed salad.// e.g., Carrots tossed in butter./// Toss a pancake = (UK English) to quickly and suddenly lift the pan in which a pancake is cooking so that the pancakes go up into the air and turn over before falling back into the pan. See https://www.mumsnet.com/system/1/assets/files/000/013/261/13261/61bf594d7/original/shutterstock_149775707.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTsXuPCZbRY /// (transitive verb) If you toss your hair or a part of your body you move it up and back suddenly. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCA8e7c8I9o // e.g., She tossed her head in annoyance.// e.g., She tossed back her hair.//(intransitive verb) Toss and turn = (phrase) to move about from side to side or turn a lot in bed, especially because you cannot sleep. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlmODL26LTw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJfvwLYsy7M // e.g. ‘I was tossing and turning all night.’/// (transitive or intransitive verb) Toss a coin (My comment: or ‘flip a coin’) = (phrase) to throw a coin up into the air and guess which side will land facing up, as a way of making a decision. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHLrl5ZSTOY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHvWsuiW5PI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CE1UZY-7bq8 // e.g., ‘Let's toss (a coin) to see who'll go first.’// e.g., ‘I'll toss you for it – head or tails?’//// A sudden quick movement e.g., ''I don't care,'' she replied with a toss of her head./// (noun) A toss of a coin./// Win/lose the toss = to guess correctly/ wrongly which side of a coin will be facing up when it lands on the ground after being thrown./// An act of throwing something in a careless or relaxed way (*).
· Main types of facial Wrinkles - See http://virinchihospitals.com/livehealthy/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/images/wrinkle1.jpg //// Smile/ laugh lines - See http://www.skincarederm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Smile-or-laugh-lines.png /// Frehead lines - See https://spamedica.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Toronto-Botox-Injectable-Male-Patient.png /// Neck wrinkles - See http://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-consumer/images/2013/08/26/09/59/ds00890-sn7_wrinkles2thu_jpg.jpg /// For the notorious crow’s feet (eye) wrinkles See https://beautyhealthtips.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Dysport-vs-Botox-which-is-better-for-crows-feet.jpg
·Sumpter = (noun) (archaic) A pack animal. See https://themedievalhunt.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/martebo_04.jpg // (as modifier) e.g., A sumpter mule.
· Redundant (pronounced rɪˈdʌn.dənt) = (adjective) not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous e.g., This redundant brewery has been converted into a library.// e.g., An appropriate use for a redundant church.// e.g., Many of the old skills had become redundant.// (figurative) e.g., New technology often makes old skills redundant (^^^ for this example)./// (UK English) No longer in employment, because there is no more work available e.g., Eight permanent staff were made redundant.// e.g., To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant (^^^ for this example)./// (of words or data) Able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function e.g., Our peculiar (= different to what is normal or expected; strange) affection for redundant phrases.// e.g., Most of the inflectional endings are redundant./// (engineering) (of a component) Not strictly necessary to functioning but included in case of failure in another component e.g., The modules are linked using a redundant fiber-optic cable.
· Redundancy (pronounced rɪˈdʌnd(ə)nsi) = (noun) The state of being not or no longer needed or useful e.g. The redundancy of 19th-century heavy plant machinery.// e.g., Singles are one of the most deceptive pieces of redundancy every created in music (topped only by the entire pop-punk genre).// e.g., ‘To me it's about middle-management types not being able to let go and trust a professional to do what they can't, lest redundancy of their job be revealed’./// (UK English) The state of being no longer in employment because there is no more work available e.g., The factory's workers face redundancy./// (countable noun) e.g., The car giant is expected to announce around 4,000 redundancies./// (Engineering) The inclusion of extra components which are not strictly necessary to functioning, in case of failure in other components e.g., A high degree of redundancy is built into the machinery installation.
· Superfluous (pronounced suːˈpɜː.flu.əs) = (adjective) more than is needed or wanted e.g., This report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail (^^).// e.g., The purchaser should avoid asking for superfluous information.// e.g., Unnecessary, superfluous comments waste time and try the patience of participants.
· Inquiry (enquiry in UK English) = (noun) an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened e.g., The prosecutor ordered an inquiry.// e.g., A judicial inquiry.// e.g., Citizens have demanded a full inquiry into the government’s handling of the epidemic (^^ for the last 2 examples)./// The process of asking a question e.g., ‘I’ve been making inquiries about/into the cost of a round-the-world ticket.// e.g., Inquiry into the matters is pointless – no one will tell you anything!’ (^^ for this meaning).//// (verb) To inquire.
· Inquire (or enquire in UK English) = (transitive or intransitive verb) To ask for information e.g., ‘Shall I inquire about the price of the tickets?’// (+ speech) e.g., ‘Where are you going?’ he inquired politely.’// (+ question word) e.g., He rang up to inquire when his car would be ready.
· Inquisitor (pronounced ɪnˈkwɪz.ɪ.tə(r)) = (noun) a person making an inquiry, especially one seen to be excessively harsh or searching e.g., The professional inquisitors of the press.// e.g., He completely nailed his inquisitors, so much so, that they've pulled the testimony off the Congressional website.// e.g., Many of my inquisitors have been young people who are seriously historically and politically clueless.
· Inquisitorial (pronounced ɪnˌkwɪzəˈtɔriəl) = (adjective) of or like an inquisitor e.g., ‘There was barely an inquisitorial question from any of them, and who cares about the ground rules?’/// (Law) of a trial or legal procedure in which the judge has an examining or inquiring role e.g., Administration is accompanied by a form of inquisitorial justice.
· Inquisitive (pronounced ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv) = (adjective) Having or showing an interest in learning things; curious e.g., His poems reveal an intensely inquisitive mind.// e.g., ‘I suspected the lilies could be responsible as the center of the flower is very powdery and easily digested, and he was an inquisitive cat - always putting his nose into everything.// e.g., This is one scientific journey that should interest those with an inquisitive mind./// Unduly curious about the affairs of others; prying e.g., ‘I didn't like to seem inquisitive.’ // e.g., They were quite intrusive and loud, and also inquisitive.// e.g., In one chilling incident, a US soldier threatened to shoot a reporter for being too inquisitive.
· Serviceman = (My comment: a gender-unbiased term would be ''member of the armed forces'') (noun) a man serving in the armed forces e.g., He believed every serviceman who survived the war came back a hero./// A person providing maintenance on machinery, especially domestic machinery e.g., At the information stall, it was raised that the machine servicemen were still working.
· Commodity = (noun) a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold e.g., The country's most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds.// e.g., The international commodity market./// A valuable quality e.g., If you're going into teaching, energy is a necessary commodity (*).
· Revenant (pronounced ˈrev.ən.ənt) = (noun) a person who has returned, especially supposedly from the dead e.g., The principal themes of Holland's fiction writing have been vampires, revenants, and creative anachronism.// e.g., He was three hundred years old, a terrible living revenant./// My comment: You may recall the movie ''The Revenant'' See http://s3.foxmovies.com/foxmovies/production/films/96/images/gallery/revenant-gallery-20-gallery-image.jpg
· Babble (not to be confused with ‘bubble’!) = (noun) The sound of people talking quickly and in a way that is difficult or impossible to understand e.g., A babble of protest./// (verb) Talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish, excited, or incomprehensible way. For a baby babbling See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPKum-YIWnw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyV2j4BsEM8 // e.g., He would babble on in his gringo Spanish./// (prefix) Forming nouns denoting complicated or pretentious jargon characteristic of a specified field or group e.g., Psychobabble.
· Waffle = (verb; no object) (informal) (US English) Fail to make up one's mind e.g., James had been waffling over where to go./// (UK English) Speak or write, especially at great length, without saying anything important or useful e.g., He waffled on about everything that didn't matter.// e.g., In other words, he did waffle on with his answer./// (noun) (informal) (US English) A failure to make up one's mind e.g., Her waffle on abortion.// e.g., It has been widely suggested that the Vatican meetings this week produced another waffle./// (UK English) Lengthy but trivial or useless talk or writing e.g., When hunting was banned, there was much insincere, scientifically discredited waffle about cruelty to animals./// A small crisp batter cake, baked in a waffle iron and eaten hot with butter or syrup. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYJkG4I_sUaQxDTFH0qXEX_Ht-7KJCnUL8S8maVbZ5QAv793Hzedk8bBsWKIrSMz-wYTdicm3qfXoggcwTbJPhRDBzUshoOKOvDWSIBhEYUNjRGlwXeA4Qf6g2RxWvtCZMFqOIIBWjEgEL/s1600/Maple+Belgian+Waffle+Cake+6.jpg and http://www.bunsinmyoven.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cake-mix-waffles.jpg /// (adjective) Denoting a style of fine honeycomb weaving or a fabric woven to give a honeycomb effect. See http://cdn3.craftsy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/cally-booker-8-shaft-waffle.jpg
· Howl (pronounced haʊl) = (noun) a long, loud, doleful cry uttered by an animal such as a dog or wolf. For a wolf howl See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op7fRsvWowA For a dog howl See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw5M-4Fo2wE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF1lwZ24RYI // e.g., At that moment, a long wolf howl was heard, echoing through the woods./// Loud cry of pain, fear, anger, amusement, or derision (= contemptuous ridicule or mockery) e.g., He let out a howl of anguish./// (figurative) e.g., ‘I got howls of protest from readers.’/// (in singular) A prolonged wailing noise such as that made by a strong wind e.g., They listened to the howl of the gale./// (Electronics) A wailing noise in a loudspeaker due to electrical or acoustic feedback./// (verb; no object) Make a howling sound e.g., He howled in agony.// e.g., The wind howled around the house.// Weep and cry out loudly e.g., A baby started to howl./// ''Howl someone down'' = (verb with object) Shout in disapproval in order to prevent a speaker from being heard e.g., They howled me down and called me a chauvinist.
· Waft = (intransitive or transitive; usually + adverb/ preposition) to cause to move gently through the air e.g., The sound of a flute wafted down the stairs.// e.g., A gentle breeze wafted the scents of roses through the open window./// (noun) A smell or smoke that moves through the air e.g., A waft of smoke engulfed her.// e.g., Mary caught the heady waft of the other woman’s perfume (^^).
·Gale (pronounced ɡeɪl) = (noun) a very strong wind. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3keVTa2r68 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kp8Q3ap0Iq0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO1L55FrP8w // e.g., Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales./// Gales of laughter = (phrase) A lot of loud laughter e.g., ‘I could hear gales of laughter coming from downstairs (^^).
· Wail = (noun) A prolonged high-pitched cry of pain, grief, or anger. For professional mourners wailing See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJUQxelrZX4 // e.g., Christopher let out a wail.// (verb) Give a cry of pain, grief, or anger. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJUQxelrZX4 // e.g., Tina ran off wailing.
· High-pitched tongue trill (or Uvulation) = See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md7OvU5JIcI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyNnzSnrHkM
· Surplus (pronounced ˈsərpləs) = (noun) an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand e.g., Exports of food surpluses.// e.g., The world is now producing large food surpluses.// e.g., The government has authorized the army to sell its surplus weapons (^^^ for the previous 2 examples)./// An excess of income or assets over expenditure or liabilities in a given period, typically a fiscal year e.g., A trade surplus of $1.3 billion.// A budget surplus (^^^ for this example)./// The excess value of a company's assets over the face value of its stock e.g., For companies who need to commit resources a long while in advance in order to meet consumers' needs, an accurate understanding of the market environment is crucial if stock surpluses and shortages are to be avoided.//// (adjective) More than what is needed or used; excess e.g., ‘Make the most of your surplus cash.’/// Denoting a store selling excess or out-of-date military equipment or clothing. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ce/74/1f/ce741f973eb01a231b2ad5ebeb378cef.jpg / /e.g., She had picked up her boots in an army surplus store.
· Fiscal (pronounced ˈfɪsk(ə)l) = (adjective) relating to government revenue, especially taxes e.g., Monetary and fiscal policy./// (US English) Relating to financial matters e.g., The domestic fiscal crisis.// e.g., Portugal (after years of recession) is now back to fiscal health./// (US English) Used to denote a fiscal year e.g., The budget deficit for fiscal 2016./// Fiscal year = (US English) a year as reckoned for taxing or accounting purposes e.g., The firm is expected to turn a profit for its fiscal year ending May 30.
· Increment (pronounced ˈɪŋ.krə.mənt) = (noun) An increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale e.g., The inmates' pay can escalate in five-cent increments to a maximum of 100 cents an hour.// e.g., During operation, the light guide is stepped across the tissue surface at a fixed increment, and fluorescence measurements are made from each discrete site.// e.g., ‘I worked up to published maximum loads in small increments and found all of them to be safe in my pistol.’/// A regular increase in salary on an incremental scale e.g., He had waived his right to the second increment of $10 million so that it could be distributed among 50 employees.// e.g., This means, however, that the mother may lose not only her proficiency in her job but also the regular salary increments that go along with normal performance./// (Mathematics) A small positive or negative change in a variable quantity or function./// (verb with object) (computing) Cause a discrete increase in a numerical quantity e.g., The average person would think Intel would just increment the family code.
· Revenue = (noun) Income, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature e.g., It would allow De Kairos to keep control of the company and at the same time would allow it to raise substantial revenues.// e.g., Steven says that his company's revenue has risen by 20% during each of the past five years./// A state's annual income from which public expenses are met e.g., So while faster growth raises payroll tax revenues, it also drives up benefits./// Revenues = items or amounts constituting a state's income e.g., The government's tax revenues./// The government department collecting revenues e.g., ‘The guys from the revenue via Harrogate paid me a call, not on a professional basis I hope.’
· Outlay (pronounced ˈaʊt.leɪ) = (noun) An amount of money spent for a particular purpose, especially as a 1st investment in something e.g., Christmas cards account for only a small amount of our outlay.// e.g., A modest outlay on local advertising.// e.g., For an initial outlay of $3,000 to buy the equipment, you should be earning up to $500 a month if the product sells well./// e.g., A modest outlay on local advertising.// (transitive verb: Outlay – outlaid – outlaid) (US English) e.g., At the start, we outlaid thousands of dollars on computers (^^ except the first 2 examples).
· Well (as a verb) (usually as ‘well up’) = (verb; no object, with adverbial) (of a liquid) rise up to the surface and spill or be about to spill e.g., Tears were beginning to well up in her eyes.// e.g., Dirty water welled (up) out of the damaged pipe.// (figurative) e.g., Conflicting emotions welled up in her heart (^^^ for the previous 2 examples)./// (of an emotion) Develop and become more intense e.g., All the old bitterness began to well up inside her again.
· Well (as a noun) = (noun) A deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas (^^). For a water well See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Leather_bucket_of_a_well.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Well%2C_Historical_Village_%2C_Bhaini_Sahib%2C_Ludhyana_%2C_Punjab_%2C_India.JPG For an oil well See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Bottom_Part_of_an_Oil_Well_in_Brazoria_County.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R00740%2C_Boryslaw%2C_Erd%C3%B6lgewinnung.jpg
· Stairwell = (noun) a shaft in a building in which a staircase is built. See https://i.stack.imgur.com/2OV2S.jpg and http://static.snopes.com/app/uploads/2017/02/escharian_stairs_fb-865x452.jpg and https://keepitupdavid.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/stairwell-figueroa-at-wilshire.jpg
· Staircase = (noun) a set of stairs inside a building, usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at the side for you to hold on to. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/WinderStairs.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Stair10.JPG // e.g., He descended the sweeping (= long and wide) staircase into the crowd of photographers and journalists (^^).
· Stairway = (noun) a passage in public place with a set of steps that leads from one level to another (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Milan_stairway.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Opera_Garnier_Stairway_2008.JPG
· Escalators = (noun) Moving staircase consisting of an endlessly circulating belt of steps driven by a motor, conveying people between the floors of a public building. See http://www.elevatordesigninfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/1170.jpg
· Impenetrable (pronounced ɪmˈpen.ɪ.trə.b(ə)l) = (adjective) Impossible to pass through or enter e.g., A dark, impenetrable forest.// e.g., An impenetrable barrier.// e.g., The fog was thick and impenetrable (^^^ for the previous 2 examples)./// Impossible to understand e.g., Impenetrable interviews with French intellectuals.// e.g., Some of the lyrics on their latest album are completely impenetrable (^^^ for the last example).
· Liqueur (pronounced lɪˈkjʊər)= a strong, sweet alcoholic drink (^^).
· Disconcert (pronounced ˌdɪs.kənˈsɜːt) = (verb with object) disturb the composure of; unsettle e.g., The abrupt change of subject disconcerted him.// e.g., ‘I was amused to see a disconcerted expression on his face.’ // e.g., The whole experience disconcerted him (^^^ for the last example).
· Well-brought-up = (adjective) properly raised or educated, especially so as to be well-behaved or good-mannered; characterized by or displaying a good upbringing.
· Lunge (pronounced lənj) = (noun) a sudden forward thrust of the body, typically with an arm outstretched to attack someone or seize something. See https://xbox360actiongamereviews.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/43886_orig.jpg and http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/deadly-lunge_3665.jpg // e.g., He made a lunge at her.// e.g., He made a sudden lunge at the squirrel, attempting to get it back./// The basic attacking move in fencing, in which the leading foot is thrust forward with the knee bent while the back leg remains straightened. See http://www.kronmartialarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Quarta-Lunge.jpg and https://webpages.uidaho.edu/VandalSwordplay/site_Images/Fencer2.gif /// An exercise or gymnastic movement resembling the lunge of a fencer.// (verb; no object; with adverbial of direction) Make a lunge; e.g., He suddenly lunged at him with a broken bottle (^^^ for this example).// e.g., He lunged forward and grabbed him by the throat.// e.g., The sequined guests lunged at the food./// (verb) with object and adverbial of direction) Make a sudden forward thrust with (a part of the body or a weapon e.g., Thomas lunged his spear at the fish.
· Sequin (pronounced sikwɪn) = (noun) a small, shiny disk sewn as one of many onto clothing for decoration. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Shoe_sequins.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Mineirinha_Biju_-_paet%C3%AA.jpg and http://www.motelrocks.com/product_images/d/439/FINN-DRESS-OPAL-SEQUIN-161240__27708_std.jpg and https://www.dhresource.com/0x0s/f2-albu-g2-M01-31-47-rBVaGlaMkg6AUML4AAfFDeyPIhM863.jpg/celeb-style-kim-kardashian-shiny-sequin-dress.jpg
· Exasperation (pronounced ɪɡˌzæspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n) = (noun) a feeling of intense irritation or annoyance; anger e.g., She rolled her eyes in exasperation.// e.g. Now instead of the anger and exasperation, an emotion more like dread clouded his mind.// e.g. I sighed in exasperation as I realized Eva hadn't even started on dinner yet.// e.g., There is growing exasperation within the government at the failure of these policies to reduce unemployment (^^^ for the last example).
· Nibble (pronounced nɪb.l) = (verb) make small bites out of./// (verb) (no object) e.g., She nibbled at her food.// See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKL77qP4mwQ For fish nibbling a person’s feet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc7jpbL6JiY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuKY_MVWg5c /// (verb with object) e.g., He sat nibbling a cookie./// (verb no object) Eat in small amounts, especially between meals e.g., Rats and guinea (pronounced ˈɡɪn.i) pigs nibble and graze continuously without well-defined meal times./// Gently bite at a part of the body, especially amorously or nervously./// (verb with object) e.g., Tania nibbled her bottom lip.// (verb; no object) He nibbled at her earlobe./// Gradually erode or eat away.// (verb; no object) e.g., Inflation was nibbling away at spending power.// (verb; no object) (informal) Show cautious interest in a project or proposal e.g., There's a New York agent nibbling./// (noun) An instance of nibbling something e.g., ‘I skipped starters and had the goulash soup instead, but had a nibble at the other two's plates.’/// A small piece of food bitten off e.g., ‘I had a nibble when she wasn't looking, which wasn't often.’//// Nibbles = (informal) small savory snacks, typically eaten before a meal or with drinks e.g., After the business was finished members had nibbles and their customary glass of wine./// (informal) An expression of cautious interest in a project or proposal e.g., Now and then she gets a nibble, but no one will commit to an interview.
· Goulash = (noun) a highly seasoned Hungarian soup or stew of meat and vegetables, flavored with paprika.
· Genuine (pronounced ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn)(adjective) Something that is real and is exactly what it appears to be e.g., Genuine leather (^^).
· Stalk (pronounced stɔːk) = (noun) the main stem of a plant, or the narrow stem that joins leaves, flowers, or fruit to the main stem of a plant. See http://www.ldoceonline.com/media/english/illustration/rose.jpg // e.g., She trimmed the stalks of the tulip before putting them in a vase./// A narrow structure that supports a part of the body in some animals e.g., The eyes of shrimps ate on movable stalks./// (transitive verb) To follow an animal or a person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them e.g., The police had been stalking the suspect for a week before they arrested him./// (transitive or intransitive verb) To illegally follow and watch someone over a period of time e.g., He had stalked her for several months before he was arrested.// e.g., He was arrested for stalking./// (transitive verb) (literary) If something unpleasant stalks a place, it appears there is a threatening way e.g., When night falls, danger stalks the streets of the city (*).
· Stalker (pronounced ˈstôkər) = (My comment: I am sure you all know this word from the movies and YouTube homemade ‘action movies’) (noun) a person who harasses or persecutes someone with unwanted and obsessive attention. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrNLHlL2OEE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VufKoxrl0QY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbgtVBVpuRY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO94o_Ol3Vg // e.g., Ann claimed she was the victim of a stalker.// e.g., An anonymous stalker sent her hate mail./// A person who hunts game stealthily e.g., A keen fisherman and deerstalker.// e.g., A stalker of moose.// e.g., Many moviegoers remember him for his role as a shark stalker in Jaws.
· Moviegoer (cinemagoer or filmgoer in UK English) (noun) (the adjective is moviegoing or in UK English: filmgoing/ cinemagoing) = (noun) A person who regularly goes to watch films at the cinema (^^).
· Discard = (transitive verb) to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it e.g., Discarded food containers and bottles littered the streets./// (transitive or intransitive verb) To get rid of a card you are holding during a card game./// (noun) in a card game, a card that you have got rid of (*).
· Usual (adjective or noun) – Usually (adverb).
· Lap = (noun) (usually singular) (usually) ''one's lap'' = the flat area between the waist and knees of a seated person. See https://www.memrise.com/s3_proxy/?f=uploads/mems/8387926000151208061438.jpg For laptop See http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/thumb/msid-14233163,width-400,resizemode-4/14233163.jpg // e.g., ‘Come and sit on my lap.’ (My comment: grandparents may say this to their grandchild)// See http://clipart-library.com/data_images/518127.jpg /// The part of an item of clothing, especially a skirt, covering the lap e.g., Her hands were clasped together in the taut lap of her green dress; her face was broad and serene below her bleached, spiked hair.’ ''Fall (or drop) into someone's lap'' = (phrase) (of something unexpected) come someone's way without any effort having been made e.g., Not many reporters are lucky enough to have stories fall into their laps./// ''In someone's lap'' = (phrase) as someone's responsibility e.g., He dumped the problem in my lap./// ''In the lap of luxury'' = (phrase) in conditions of great comfort and wealth e.g., The people that we deal with for taking drugs do not live in the lap of luxury, they live in squalor and filth./// One circuit of a track or racetrack. See http://www.atlasf1.com/2000/mon/preview/monlap.jpg // e.g., Still the same are five-point bonuses for leading a lap and leading the most laps of a race./// A stage in a swim consisting of two lengths of a pool. See https://www.tempe.gov/home/showimage?id=15566 /// A section of a journey or other undertaking e.g., We caught a cab (= taxi in US English) for the last lap of our journey./// An overlapping or projecting part./// The amount by which one thing overlaps or covers a part of another./// (Metallurgy) A defect formed in rolling when a projecting part is accidentally folded over and pressed against the surface of the metal. See http://image.thefabricator.com/a/cracking-down-on-weld-cracks-fig4.jpg and http://image.thefabricator.com/a/cracking-down-on-weld-cracks-fig4.jpg /// A single turn of rope, thread, or cable around a drum or reel./// A layer or sheet, typically wound on a roller, into which cotton or wool is formed during its manufacture. See http://www.berktree.com/assets/images/default/boundary-snap-lap-drape-lap-sheet-wing-s&f-108-x-139-w-9-fen-9x16-box-of-12-model-mdt013679.jpg /// (in a lapping machine) a rotating disk with a coating of fine abrasive for polishing. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Logitech_Lapping_Machine_Jig.jpg/200px-Logitech_Lapping_Machine_Jig.jpg /// A polishing tool of a special shape, coated or impregnated with an abrasive. See http://looktopsi.com/psi/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/dl-sch-bt.jpg /// (verb with object) Overtake a competitor in a race to become one or more laps ahead e.g., He lapped all of her rivals in the 3,000 meters./// (verb; no object) (of a competitor or vehicle in a race) complete a lap, especially in a specified time e.g., ‘I lapped 3/10 of a second faster than anyone else.’/// ''Lap someone/something in'' = (phrase) (literary) (verb with object) enfold or swathe a person or thing, especially a part of the body, in something soft e.g., He was lapped in blankets.// (figurative) e.g., ‘I was accustomed to being lapped in luxury./// (verb; no object) Project beyond or overlap something e.g., The water lapped over the edges./// (verb with object) Polish a gem or a metal or glass surface with a lapping machine. See https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uF27Q4rdSUU/hqdefault.jpg // e.g., Metal flashings that once were soldered are now lapped and ‘sealed.’'/// (verb with object) (of an animal) Take up liquid with the tongue in order to drink e.g., The cat was lapping up a saucer of milk. See http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01759/milk_1759755a.jpg /// ‘Lap something up’ = accept something eagerly and with obvious pleasure e.g., He is lapping up the attention./// (verb; no object) (of water) wash against something with a gentle rippling sound. See https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3141/2626817643_e7f46ac285_z.jpg?zz=1 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YasCJ-iA2M // e.g., The waves lapped the shore.// e.g., The sound of the river lapping against the banks.///// (noun) The action of water washing gently against something e.g., Listening to the comfortable lap of the waves against the shore.
· Accustom yourself to something = (phrasal verb) To make yourself familiar with new conditions e.g., ‘It’ll take time for me to accustom myself to the changes (^^).// e.g., ‘I was accustomed to being lapped (lap hear means to enfold or swathe a person or thing, especially a part of the body, in something soft) in luxury.
· Cab (vs) Cub
· Cab (= (noun) a taxi.// (also minicab = a taxi that can only be ordered by phone and does not stop to collect passenger on the street)./// The separate front part of a large vehicle, such as a truck, bus, or train, in which the driver lives (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/EF210_COCKPIT.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/British_Rail_Class_170_driving_cab.JPG
· Cub = (noun) a young lion, bear, wolf, etc./// A boy aged between 8 – 11 years old who is a member of the international organization called the Scouts (^^).
· Amalgamate (pronounced əˈmalɡəmeɪt) = (verb) combine or unite to form one organization or structure.// (verb) (with object) e.g., They amalgamated their company with another.// (verb; no object) e.g., Numerous small British railway companies amalgamated./// (verb with object) (Chemistry) Alloy a metal with mercury e.g., Amalgamated zinc.
· Alloy (pronounced a) Noun: ˈalɔɪ b) Verb: ˈalɔɪ) = a) (noun) (Pronounced ˈalɔɪ) A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion. See https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture1-140211212924-phpapp02/95/lecture-11-metals-and-its-alloys-their-crystalline-structure-and-properties-6-638.jpg?cb=1392154267 // e.g., An alloy of nickel, bronze, and zinc.// (as modifier) e.g., Alloy wheels./// An inferior metal mixed with a precious one. b) (verb with object) (Pronounced ˈalɔɪ) Mix metals to make an alloy e.g., Alloying tin with copper to make bronze./// (figurative) Debase something by adding something inferior e.g., A salutary fear alloyed their admiration.
· Mingle = (verb) Mix or cause to mix together. Synonym: mix. For mingled recipes See http://recipes.mingleseasoning.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/broccoli-and-cauliflower-cheese-300x300.jpg // (verb; no object) e.g., The sound of voices mingled with a scraping of chairs.// (verb with object) e.g., A smell which mingled disinfectant and soap./// (verb; no object) Move among and engage with others at a social function e.g., A chance to mingle with celebs.// e.g., Not only is the business doing well but he also gets the opportunity to mingle with some of sports biggest personalities.
· Solder (not to be confused with ‘shoulder’ or ‘soldier’) = (noun) A low-melting alloy, especially one based on lead and tin or (for higher temperatures) on brass or silver, used for joining less fusible metals. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Propane_torch_soldering_copper_pipe.jpg and http://www.futurlec.com/Pictures/Lead_Free_Solder_1mm.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Propane_torch_soldering_copper_pipe.jpg For a lead solder See https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-8b1f46f883a569b3ec6f83af013d0ef5-c and https://img3.banggood.com/thumb/view/upload/2012/jiangjunchao/SKU079682/yuan/1.JPG // e.g., In the past, copper pipes were joined with lead-based solder which is currently banned from usage./// (Verb) Join with solder.
· Gem (or gemstone) (not to be confused with ‘germ’ ) = (noun) A precious or semiprecious stone, especially one cut, polished, and used in a piece of jewelry. See http://www.rudraksha-ratna.com/uploads/files/9389506005.jpg and http://blog.angara.com/images/gemstone-colors.jpg // e.g., Traders in Livingstone have been urged to start dealing in gemstones to sell the precious stones to the many tourists who visit the tourist capital.
· Squalor (pronounced ˈskwälər) = (noun) the state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially because of poverty or neglect. See http://www.hoardingcapecod.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/squalor-bedroom.jpg and https://www.footprintsinc.org.au/sites/default/files/Hoarding%20and%20Squaloar%20Image.jpg // e.g., They lived in squalor and disease.// e.g., It was a dirty, damp, smelly flat – the usual student squalor (^^^ for the last example).
· Squalid (pronounced ˈskwɒl.ɪd) = (adjective) (of a place) Extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially because of poverty or neglect. See http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/1/590x/27n07shacks-410658.jpg For a squalid home See http://www.blogcdn.com/www.parentdish.co.uk/media/2012/06/squalorhomehartlepool1.jpg and http://www.hoardingcapecod.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/squalor-bedroom.jpg and https://www.footprintsinc.org.au/sites/default/files/Hoarding%20and%20Squaloar%20Image.jpg // e.g., The squalid, overcrowded prison./// Showing or involving a contemptible lack of moral standards e.g., A squalid attempt to save themselves from electoral embarrassment.
· Taut (pronounced tôt) (adjective) ) (the adverb is tautly, and the noun is tautness) = (adjective) stretched or pulled tight; not slack. See http://www.livingwithpunks.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/fold-fabric-009.jpg // e.g., A taut rope.// e.g., He kept his eyes on the road ahead, his face taut with concentration (^^^ for the previous 2 examples).// e.g., The fabric stays taut without adhesive./// e.g., The forests were low, and the land stretched tight like taut buffalo skin./// (especially of muscles or nerves) tense; not relaxed/ excited or nervous./// For a woman’s taut tummy See https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Q5ZfbAimcT8/maxresdefault.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/06/16/19/355E5A1A00000578-0-image-m-39_1466102527777.jpg // e.g., His latest film was described in today’s paper as a taut thriller.// e.g., There was a taut edge to Mary’s voice (^^ for the 2nd part of the definition, and the last 2 examples). Nerves were taut and bodies turned and twisted under the scratchy blankets.// e.g., My voice was taut with anger.// (of writing, music, etc.) Concise and controlled e.g., Director Ryan Redford skillfully employs music, sound, and montage to create a taut film.// e.g., A taut text of only a hundred and twenty pages./// (of a ship) Having a disciplined and efficient crew e.g., ‘A taut ship is a happy ship.’// e.g., His language was salty, and he ran a taut ship.
· Resemblance (vs) Semblance
· Resemblance = (noun) The fact that 2 people or things look like each other (not ‘eachother’) or are similar in some other way e.g., ‘These prices bear no resemblance to the ones I saw printed in the newspaper.’// e.g., There was a clear family resemblance between all the brothers (^^).
· Semblance = (uncountable noun) the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different/ a situation or condition that is similar to what is wanted or expected, but is not exactly as hoped for e.g., The city has now returned to some semblance of normality after last night’s celebrations.// e.g., He was executed without even the semblance of a fair trial (^^ for the 2nd part of the definition and the previous 2 examples).// e.g., He tried to force his thoughts back into some semblance of order.// e.g., Braugher is the only one who appears to have a semblance of dignity.// e.g., The distorted semblances of the trees on the other side were vaguely visible through it, mocking him cruelly in the emptiness.// e.g., Truly dramatic explanations must, however, bear some semblance of reality.
· Concise (pronounced kənˈsaɪs) = (adjective) giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive e.g., At the top of the slope, Nick offered encouragement and direction that was clear, concise, and visual./// e.g., A concise account of the country's history.// e.g., First, there must be a clear and concise formulation of the data to be transmitted.
· Sovereign (pronounced ˈsɒv.ər.ɪn) = (noun) a supreme ruler, especially a monarch; a king or queen e.g., The Emperor became the first Japanese sovereign to visit Britain.// e.g., The Great Elector was recognized as the sovereign of East Prussia./// (adjective) Possessing supreme or ultimate power e.g., In modern democracies, the people's will is, in theory, sovereign (My comment: only in theory!).// e.g., Parliament is sovereign, and, under parliamentary authority, regulation of almost anything can occur./// (attributive) (of a nation or its affairs) acting or done independently and without outside interference e.g., Our borders need protecting, like any sovereign nation.//e.g., A sovereign, democratic republic.// e.g., Accusations of interference in a sovereign affair.
· Sovereignty (not 'sovereignity') (pronounced ˈsɒvrɪnti) = (noun) supreme power or authority e.g., ''How can we hope to wrest sovereignty away from the oligarchy and back to the people?’ // e.g., The sovereignty of Parliament./// The authority of a state to govern itself or another state e.g., National sovereignty.// e.g., The Republic of Fiji Military Forces was established to defend the nation's territorial sovereignty./// (countable noun) A self-governing state e.g., ‘We are all New Zealanders, and there should be a single sovereignty.’
· Sovereign (pronounced ˈsɒv.ər.ɪn) debt (also known as Government debt, public interest or national debt) = the amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, typically issued as bonds denominated in a reserve currency e.g., The anxieties about sovereign debt have been most acute in Europe.
· Wrest = (verb) Forcibly pull something from a person's grasp e.g., Helen tried to wrest her arm from his hold.// e.g., Peter told investigators that Kate pulled the knife to defend her friend, and he wrested it away./// Take something, especially power or control, after considerable effort or difficulty e.g., They wanted people to wrest control of their lives from impersonal bureaucracies.// e.g., So there's a symbolic and tactical significance there, that the insurgents, for whatever period of time, can wrest control of key sites away from the authorities. // (noun) (archaic) A key for tuning a harp or piano. See http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/PTG/UploadedImages/0faacecc-f7a8-4af3-9f1f-c16940d43806/Piano%20001.JPG
· Waver (pronounced ˈweɪvər) = (verb; no object) shake with a quivering motion. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2FFULkmC-g and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRn9X8d7J1w // e.g., The flame wavered in the draft.// e.g., His black T-shirt wavered in the wind along with his white denim pants.// e.g., Mary wavered dangerously on her camel as her face paled even more./// Become weaker; falter e.g., His love for her had never wavered.// e.g., He gave a wavering smile.// e.g., David wavered when seeing her smile and sighed./// Be undecided between two opinions or courses of action; be irresolute e.g., She never wavered from her intention.// e.g., He never wavered from his decision to fast, and approached death with dignity and resolve.// e.g. He was terrified, hesitant and wavering but finally gave in to the temptation.
· Falter = (verb; no object) Lose strength or momentum e.g., The music faltered, stopped, and started up again.// e.g., Her faltering career./// Speak hesitantly. (with direct speech) e.g., A-Adam?’ he faltered./// Move unsteadily or hesitantly e.g., She faltered and finally stopped in mid-stride.
· Irresolute (adjective) (the noun is irresolution and the adverb is irresolutely) = (adjective) Showing or feeling hesitancy; uncertain e.g., She stood irresolute outside his door.// e.g., ‘But this year, for some reason, I was very irresolute about it.’// e.g., After previous outrages, we had been irresolute and appeared unwilling to defend ourselves.// e.g., ‘I think a bit of Europe will be a very good thing for the present, or as long as I'm in this irresolute mood.’ // e.g., An irresolute reply (^^^ for the last example).
· Boss (with meaning other than a person in charge) = (noun) A round knob, stud, or other protuberance, in particular. See http://img.tfd.com/wn/83/62D35-boss.png For a metacarpal (on the hand) boss See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Metacarpal_boss.JPG/220px-Metacarpal_boss.JPG and http://www.eatonhand.com/jpg/1024_1260303.jpg // First you need a blank boss, indoors preferably (garage, hallway or sports hall) at 12 inches from the end of your long rod./// A cow./// (verb) Give someone orders in a domineering manner e.g., Plump old battle-axes bossing everyone around./// (adjective) Excellent; outstanding e.g., ‘She's a real boss chick!’
· Chalk something up = (phrasal verb) achieve something noteworthy e.g., He has chalked up a box-office success.// e.g., He's even chalked up one of the country's top biology marks./// Ascribe something to a particular cause e.g., ‘I chalked my sleeplessness up to nerves.’// e.g., ‘I thanked my relative for her advice and chalked up the tears to her having a melodramatic midlife crisis.’
· Ascribe = (verb with object) ascribe something to = attribute something to a cause e.g., He ascribed Jane's short temper to her upset stomach.// e.g., She now involves an assistant who understands what she wants, though she still ascribes the results to chance.//// (usually as ''be ascribed to'') = attribute a text, quotation, or work of art to a particular person or period e.g., A quotation ascribed to Thomas More./// (usually as ''be ascribed to'') = regard a quality as belonging to e.g., Tough-mindedness is a quality commonly ascribed to top bosses.// e.g., ‘Would your workers ascribe these qualities to you?’ // e.g., ‘The same mistake would be made in ascribing those attributes to the foundation.’
· Tough-minded = strong, determined, and able to face up to reality.// e.g., My mother was combative and tough-minded.// e.g., The tough-minded approach isn't good news for high-tech companies looking for a return to glory days.// e.g., These subjects are strong-willed and tough-minded.
· Cave in = (phrasal verb) (of a roof or similar structure) subside or collapse. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNHnEtAcUCA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUx-JLkFngU and https://metrouk2.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/rtr3bwn5.jpg?quality=80&strip=all // e.g., The tunnel walls caved in./// Capitulate or submit under pressure e.g., The manager caved in to his demands.// e.g., She won't cave in to his demands that she admit the marriage was fraudulent.
· Capitulate (pronounced kəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt) = (verb) cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; yield; surrender e.g., The patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces.// e.g., Daisy stands by her demand, and Philip capitulates, reluctantly agreeing to a December wedding.// e.g., On 29 May there was a bombshell - the Belgian army had capitulated, reducing further the perimeter around Dunkirk.
· Reminisce (pronounced ˌreməˈnis) (verb) (the noun is reminiscence, and the adjective is reminiscent of (somebody/ something)) = (verb; no object) indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events/ to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure e.g., My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy (^^ for the 2nd part of the definition and this example).// e.g., They reminisced about their summers abroad.// e.g., They also reminisced about events that happened while they were still in grade school.// e.g., They reminisce about past holidays and wonder if they are forgetting Jim.
· Tackle = (noun) the equipment required for a task or sport.// For bait and fishing tackle See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/TackleBoxFortDeSoto.JPG/300px-TackleBoxFortDeSoto.JPG and http://bensbaitshop.net/files/bigstock/2015/06/Fishing-Lures-In-Tackle-Boxes-87771749.jpg // e.g., Fishing tackle.// e.g., Remember to leave all that heavy tackle at home and to travel as light as possible./// A mechanism consisting of ropes, pulley blocks, hooks, or other things for lifting heavy objects. For lifting tackle See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Tackles.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Polispasto2B.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3SZYtnny6I and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmSkBay6QNI and http://www.nps-uk.com/images/lifting-tackle-hire.jpg and http://www.diseno-art.com/images_5/lifting_tackle.jpg and https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1516/0718/products/bl002-medium-boat-lift-tackle-with-3-8-1_large.jpg?v=1483635975 /// The running rigging and gear used to work a boat's sails. See https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b5/69/af/b569af756eeec18b4e9be86ca3f64568--sailing-ships-messing.jpg and http://sailingsimplicity.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/groundTackle.jpg and http://www.building-model-boats.com/images/mainsheet-sheaves-for-a-model-sailboat-21394303.jpg /// (Soccer & Hockey) (in soccer and other games) an act of taking the ball, or attempting to take the ball, from an opponent. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgDg_fBDt-Q and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtauRD5ipo /// (Rugby/ American Football) An act of seizing and stopping a player in possession of the ball by knocking them to the ground. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXNmigDHVgk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMHRZ8LzS7Q /// (American Football) A player who lines up inside the end along the line of scrimmage. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtvgqmnsgG8 /// Make determined efforts to deal with a problem or difficult task e.g., Police have launched an initiative to tackle rising crime.// e.g., To date, Maryland has successfully tackled the issue of transferring an occupational associate's degree./// e.g., Ways to tackle stress./// (Rugby/ American Football) Stop the forward progress of the ball carrier by seizing them and knocking them to the ground./// (Soccer) Try to take the ball from an opponent by intercepting them.
· Bait = (noun) Food used to entice fish or other animals as prey e.g., Herrings make excellent bait for pike.// (figurative) e.g., This woman is jailbait! (my example – meaning that a man harassing a woman younger than 18 may end up in prison!).
· American football (referred to as ‘football’ in the US and Canada, and also known as ''gridiron football'' or simply "gridiron") (not the same with rugby!) = a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Larry_Fitzgerald_catches_TD_at_2009_Pro_Bowl.jpg/290px-Larry_Fitzgerald_catches_TD_at_2009_Pro_Bowl.jpg and http://www.tencate.com/amer/Images/American%20football29-15343.jpg // American football is not the same with rugby! You may read the article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_American_football_and_rugby_union
· Super bowl = the annual championship game of the US NFL (*****).
· NFL = National Football League e.g., The US president urged fans to boycott the NFL games (from the media).
· Throwaway (1 word) = (noun) A thing intended or destined to be discarded after brief use or appeal e.g., However, instead of becoming useless throwaways that will quickly be discarded, these items can be given to the blacksmith to be used as a raw material so he can make you new armor or weapons./// (adjective) Denoting or relating to products that are intended to be discarded after being used once or a few times e.g., A throwaway camera./// (in a remark) Expressed in a casual or understated way e.g., Some people overreacted to a few throwaway lines.// e.g., It was a throwaway remark that proved prophetic tragically.// e.g., It was just a throwaway remark, but perhaps my ignorance backs up the original point./// (noun) A thing intended to be discarded after brief use e.g., The song is hardly even a throwaway.// e.g., Everyone is amazed at what can be done with those simple little throwaways we call ‘gadgets.’
· Sob = (verb; no object) Cry noisily, making loud, ‘convulsive’ gasps. (My comment as a medic: I put the word ‘convulsive’ under quotation marks, as it obviously speaks metaphorically!). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fGoDjOKCZ8 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9VFB_0nSbA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABQtjLregaE // e.g., She broke down and sobbed like a child.// e.g., She sobbed herself to sleep.// (verb with object) Say while crying noisily e.g., She sobbed out her troubles to him.// (with direct speech) ‘I thought they'd killed you,’' he sobbed weakly.’/// An act or sound of sobbing e.g., With a sob of despair she threw herself on to the bed.// e.g., ‘A sob tore from my chest, and I buried my face in my hands.’/// (US English) (informal) (abbreviation; offensive) Short for ‘son of a bitch.’
· Giggle = (verb) (no object) laugh lightly and repeatedly in a silly way, from amusement, nervousness, or embarrassment. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQBBAl-FGtI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ij_AJ_2h0w and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBUm5IcnbB8 // e.g., They giggled at some private joke.// e.g., Three young, giggling girls./// (noun) A light, silly laugh.// e.g., It started with a smirk, then a giggle, then a full out laugh./// The giggles = continuous uncontrollable giggling e.g., I got a fit of the giggles. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MumI6KovUk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE2M0QqjecE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMqPilCHMtk /// (UK English) (informal) An amusing person or thing; a joke e.g., It should be a right giggle.
· Smirk (pronounced sməːk) = (verb; no object) smile in an irritatingly smug, conceited, or silly way. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQaPin2_VXDE2B2mfET5gkRf2gNSip1GhpVZobXKNNVfUdIwiRAgjY8EQ4RUfHOYD_C2imijm0gfP07RcH8MC5fazaq99lnISV2dyXiIohD5F3mt_CndsksvPGqbbzk2itSzblHpv4KsE/s400/Obama-Smirk.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3La6plggDo and http://www.insure.com/imagesvr_ce/4777/the-smirk400.jpg and http://i.imgur.com/mtEjjML.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/77/dd/a3/77dda33ba960ef20d44427786aaa5c5c.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/48/c8/e6/48c8e6cdda0b7b69d7cbadc1232c43a7.jpg // e.g., He smirked in triumph./// (noun) A smug, conceited, or silly smile e.g., Mary pursed her mouth in a self-satisfied smirk.
· Cue = (noun) a thing said or done that serves as a signal to an actor or other performers to enter or to begin their speech or performance e.g., She had not yet been given her cue to come out on to the dais (= a low platform for a lectern, seats of honor, or a throne).// e.g., He looked toward the door and cleared his throat obnoxiously, as if someone had missed his or her cue to enter./// A signal for action e.g., His success was the cue for the rest of Fleet Street to forge ahead.// e.g., Instead, it was the cue for England's forwards to take charge./// A circumstance or piece of information which aids the memory in retrieving details not recalled spontaneously.// e.g., Retrieval cues do not bring about a complete memory of some events because most of the event was not encoded.// e.g., We provided no cues during recall in the experiments in the present study./// (Psychology) A feature of something perceived that is used in the brain's interpretation of the perception e.g., Expectancy is communicated both by auditory and visual cues./// A hint or indication about how to behave in particular circumstances e.g., ‘My teacher joked about such attitudes, and I followed her cue.’// e.g., ‘Was it a case of a people merely following the cues of their leader?’/// (mass noun) A facility for playing through an audio or video recording very rapidly until the desired starting point is reached./// (verb with object) Give a cue to or for e.g., Ros and Guil, cued by Hamlet, also bow deeply.// e.g., It cues our hate to keep us watching, like a bullfighter taunting (= provoking/ challenging by insulting) a bull: waving red to draw our attention and anger./// Act as a prompt or reminder e.g., Make your reminder cues both informative and obvious.// e.g., Have a list of needs and questions on paper to cue you./// Set a piece of audio or video equipment in readiness to play a particular part of the recorded material e.g., There was a pause while she cued up the next tape./// ''On cue'' = (phrase) at the correct moment e.g., Right on cue the door opened./// ''Take one's cue from'' = (phrase) follow the example or advice of e.g., John did not move, and Julia took her cue from him./// (noun) A long straight tapering wooden rod for striking the ball in snooker, billiards, etc. See https://ak2.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/4333178/thumb/11.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ef/01/eb/ef01eb24c2e16d520e867150af4facd8.jpg /// (verb; no object) Use a cue to strike the ball. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYWm5uSd5o8 and https://ak2.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/4333178/thumb/11.jpg
· Steward (female: Stewardess) = (noun) a person employed to look after the passengers on a ship, aircraft, or train. Examples: airline stewards/ess (also called flight attendant; the female is also called air hostess (dated); ship steward/ess; train steward/ess; safety steward; shop steward (also called union representative or union steward). See https://images.r.cruisecritic.com/features/2016/01/rewrite_friendly-steward-hero.jpg For an airline stewards/ess (also called flight attendant; the female is also called air hostess (dated)) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Austrian_Airlines_flight_attendant_and_passenger.jpg and http://www.ellejet.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Flight-Attendants.jpg For a ship steward/ess see http://lowres-picturecabinet.com.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/108/main/15/407129.jpg and https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/african-american-cruise-ship-steward-salute-16445154.jpg For a train steward/ess see http://pm1.narvii.com/6305/adb022a5372ebea259da3f4a8d7cae5c58941155_hq.jpg and http://traintra.traintravelingco.netdna-cdn.com/images/europe/orient-express-steward-anchor-470x320.png // e.g., He asks the air steward for a coffee./// A person responsible for supplies of food to a college, club, or other institution e.g., He became a steward in the merchant navy, and was a trade union activist./// An official appointed to supervise arrangements or keep order at a large public event, for example, a race, match, or demonstration. See http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Photo/footballeurope/FootballEurope/74/95/68/749568_w1.jpg For a safety steward see http://eventsjobsuk.g4s.com/files/2011/09/on-yours-marks.jpg and https://a7b14357ec-custmedia.vresp.com/f653f10976/Safety%20Steward.jpg e.g., We have very highly trained stewards, head stewards, and safety officers, very many of whom are from a policing background./// Short for shop steward (see below)./// A person employed to manage another's property, especially a large house or estate. See https://i2.wp.com/austenauthors.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/downtonAbbey-servants.png?resize=668%2C286 // e.g., But, in this case, it turns out Stewart is a good steward of her property./// (UK English) (historical) An officer of the royal household, especially an administrator of Crown estates. See http://www.your-kilt.com/images/royalstewartkilt.jpg // (in titles) e.g., Chief Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster./// A person whose responsibility it is to take care of something e.g., Farmers pride themselves on being stewards of the countryside./// (verb with object) (of an official) Supervise arrangements or keep order at a large public event e.g., The event was organized and stewarded properly./// Manage or look after another's property e.g., Security is found in participating in community and stewarding nature.
· Shop steward (also called union representative or union steward) = a person elected by workers, for example in a factory, to represent them in dealings with management. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/A_Day_in_the_Life_of_a_Shop_Steward-_Factory_work_in_Britain%2C_1942_D10113.jpg and https://www.icp.org/icpmedia/l/i/b/s/libsohn_sol_1301_2005_crop_411299_displaysize.jpg // e.g., ‘I was considered to be a promising worker at Harris Scarfe and a good shop steward.’
· Whittle (pronounced ˈwɪt(ə)l) =(verb with object) carve wood into an object by repeatedly cutting small slices from it. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB3USnPADvQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TajDzliX6g0 and https://img.wonderhowto.com/img/58/94/63475314621573/0/whittle-wooden-bird.1280x600.jpg and https://content.artofmanliness.com/uploads/2011/12/pushcut.jpg // e.g., He was sitting at the tent door, whittling a piece of wood with a knife./// Carve an object from wood e.g., A set of chess pieces he had whittled himself./// ''Whittle something away/down'' = reduce something in size, amount, or extent by a gradual series of steps e.g., The shortlist of fourteen was whittled down to five.
· Au pair (pronounced əʊ ˈpeər) = (noun) A young foreign person, typically a woman, who helps with housework or child care in exchange for room and board. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tgrsqd1zYOU and https://kancms.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/07/06/08/51/29/876/au_pair_ireland.jpg and https://static.wixstatic.com/media/b38d18ddfff8414b06c5732514a53ee9.jpg_srz_681_454_85_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz
· Dawn (= the first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise), Sunrise, Sunset, Twilight [mnemonic crick = twi + light)
· Twilight (pronounced ˈtwaɪ.laɪt ) = (noun) (in the evening)The soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, caused by the refraction and scattering of the sun's rays from the atmosphere. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Top_of_Rock_Cropped.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Powder_Blue_Desert_Twilight.jpg // e.g., During this period, however, the brilliance of the moon and stars, and the reflected light of the sun from below the horizon confer twilight, not darkness, to the region./// A period or state of obscurity, ambiguity, or gradual decline e.g., He was in the twilight of his career.
· Crepuscular (pronounced krɪˈpʌskjʊlə) = (adjective) resembling or relating to twilight. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpqL0D82xn8 and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Beach_crepuscular_rays_new.jpg and http://www.uowblogs.com/ausccer/files/2013/07/Crepuscular-transition-2dx8kzp.jpg and http://www.uowblogs.com/ausccer/files/2013/07/Crepuscular-sky-2kz9xlc.jpg // e.g., Darkness breeds silence, and this show basks in the crepuscular gloom./// (Zoology) (of an animal) appearing or active in twilight.
· Take somebody down = (usually US English) (phrasal verb) knock down; to defeat or kill someone, or to stop someone from causing harm e.g., The Indiana Pacers took down Cleveland, 80–74 (*).
· Vacate = (transitive verb) To leave a room, building, chair etc. so it’s available for other people e.g., Hotel guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon.// e.g., David vacates his job by the end of the week (^^).
· Vacancy (pronounced ˈveɪ.kən.si) = (noun) An unoccupied position or job e.g., A vacancy for a shorthand typist./// Empty space e.g., Cathy stared into vacancy, seeing nothing.
· Wrath (pronounced rɒθ) = (noun) (formal or dated) Extreme anger e.g., The people feared the wrath of God.
· Biennial = (adjective) taking place every other year, i.e., once every 2 years (^^).
· Buckler = (noun) (historical) A small round shield held by a handle or worn on the forearm. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/38-svaghi%2C_lotta%2C_Taccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg/200px-38-svaghi%2C_lotta%2C_Taccuino_Sanitatis%2C_Casanatense_4182..jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Buckler_b_%28PSF%29.jpg
· Swashbuckle = (verb; no object) (usually as adjective ‘swashbuckling’) Engage in daring and romantic adventures with bravado or flamboyance e.g., A crew of swashbuckling buccaneers.
· Buccaneer (pronounced ˌbʌk.əˈnɪər) = (noun) (historical) A pirate, originally one operating in the Caribbean. See https://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/wowwiki/images/b/b7/Buccaneer.JPG/revision/latest?cb=20070722085252 and http://www.spinfold.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/BlackbeardBuccaneer-Cover.jpg // e.g., The marauding buccaneers who used to terrorize the Mediterranean coasts./// A person who acts in a recklessly adventurous and often unscrupulous way, especially in business e.g., The company might be a target for an individual buccaneer seeking power and prestige.
· Swashbuckler = (noun) A swashbuckling person. See http://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/hostedimages/1380837241i/3129946._SY540_.jpg and http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/Swashbuckler.jpg
· Bravado = (noun) A bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress or intimidate e.g., He possesses none of the classic wheeler-dealer's casual bravado.// e.g., He manages to steal the film, even next to various scenery-chewers' bits of bravado.// e.g., The voices are loud and harsh, reflecting anxiety and bravado in equal parts.
· Era = (noun) A long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic. Synonyms: epoch, age, period.// e.g., His death marked the end of an era./// (abbreviation) Earned run average.
· Epoch (pronounced ˈiː.pɒk) (plural = epochs) = (noun) a long period of time, especially one in which there are new developments and great chance e.g., The president said that his country was moving in a new epoch which would be one of lasting peace (^^).
· Swagger = (noun) A very confident and typically arrogant or aggressive gait or manner. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYkwtzxYKIc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5jo33v1lmc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WApv0B1uRZY For a swaggering gait See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfrU0xW4bqY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPs1ggt6O_w // e.g., They strolled around the camp with an exaggerated swagger.// e.g., A swaggering gait.// (verb) Walk or behave in a very confident and typically arrogant or aggressive way e.g., He swaggered along the corridor./// (adjective) Denoting a coat or jacket cut with a loose flare (= gradual widening) from the shoulders. See http://www.buymoviejackets.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Shooter-2016-Bob-Lee-Swagger-Jacket-450x600.jpg and https://static.highsnobiety.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/alpha-swagger-ma1-jackets-0.jpg and http://www.zappos.com/images/z/3/2/3/4/9/0/3234905-p-4x.jpg and http://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/hypebeast-wordpress/image/2008/12/swagger-the-north-face-jackets-3.jpg
· Portugal – Portuguese (pronounced ˌpɔː.tʃəˈɡiːz)
· Garment
· Heretical/ heretic/ heresy (pronounced ˈher.ə.si)
· In spite of
· Despite (without ‘of’)
· Ascertain – pronounced æs.əˈteɪn
· A cat laps (= licks) the milk from the bowl
· What is noteworthy is that…
· Plenty – plentiful
· Highly- qualified (not ‘high-qualified’)
· Ballet – pronounced bæl.eɪ
· Students sitting at (not ‘on’!) their desk
· Automatic pilot (also known as autopilot)
· Qatar airway (airlines)
· The cost for an individual ticket is $15
· Evaluation of the education (not educational) system for teachers
· To add working experience to their students
· To keep up-to-date (or to be updated) with all the latest news
· The online edition of the newspaper
· Absurd – pronounced əbˈsɜːd
· On this occasion
· A rocket carrying a nuke (= nuclear) warhead
· ''Satan 2'' (or RS-28 Sarmat) is the latest Russian super-heavy thermonuclear armed intercontinental ballistic missile (from the media).
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