· Reiterate (pronounced riːˈɪt(ə)reɪt) = (verb) (reporting verb) Say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.// (with clause) e.g., He reiterated that the government would remain steadfast in its support.// (with direct speech) e.g., ''I just want to forget it all,’ he reiterated''.// (verb) (with object) e.g., He reiterated the points made in his earlier speech.
· Rebut (pronounced rɪˈbʌt) = (verb) (with object) claim or prove that evidence or an accusation is false e.g., He had to rebut charges of acting for the convenience of his political friends.// e.g., It is extremely difficult for the local authorities to rebut such evidence.// e.g., A lot of time is spent on rebutting accusations and counter-accusations at the expense of development.// e.g., He has rebutted charges that he has been involved in any financial malpractice (^^^ for the last example).
· Rebuttal (pronounced rɪˈbʌt.(ə)l) = (noun) A statement that says that something is not true e.g., He issued a point-by-point rebuttal of the company’s accusations (^^).
· Rasp = (noun) A harsh, grating noise. For a raspy voice (usually used for women – You may recall the singer of the 1980’s Bonnie Tyler; for men we may use the word ‘deep voice’ such as on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0C9fKbGDKBc ) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Z-Tx_Pdc5s and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eosbt5v4-e0 For car engine rasp See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sm2rcCBtz7g and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QML2JFT8TVg // e.g., The rasp of the engine.// e.g.,. There was the rasp of a bolt and the door suddenly opened (^^^ for this example)./// A coarse file or similar metal tool with a roughened surface for scraping, filing, or rubbing down objects of metal, wood, or other hard material. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/HoofRasp.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Raspel_Baiter.jpg and https://www.americanfarriers.com/ext/resources/images/Product_Roundups/2014/Rasps-Knives-Hand-Tools/DeltaMustad_Legend.jpg and http://www.diefenbacher.com/Rasps.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJTpCqJyMl8 /// (verb) Make a harsh, grating noise e.g., My breath rasped in my throat.// e.g., The high pitched voice rasps out the names of the students with machine gun velocity.// e.g., The gunman rasped (out) an urgent order to the other members of the gang (^^^ for this example)./// Scrape something with a rasp in order to make it smoother. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1_PDwWtQQM // e.g., Initially, wood is rasped evenly from the length of each limb on the bow.
· Grate (not to be confused with ‘great’) = (adjective) Sounding harsh and unpleasant. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHsZCFKjmHg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPM3tf7MmV8 For grate sound of a car See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idTsAhINRl4 // e.g., Her high, grating voice./// (noun) A framework of parallel or crossed bars, typically preventing access through an opening while permitting communication or ventilation. See https://4.imimg.com/data4/AT/MG/MY-2387685/grate-bars-for-wil-boiler-250x250.jpg and http://www.yxboiler-factory.com/uploads/image/chain%20grate/160220044128.jpg /// A metal structure that holds coal or wood in a fireplace. For a fireplace with a grate ventilator See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/2_row_grate_heater_with_ash_tray.jpg (^^ for this meaning)./// (verb) Reduce something, especially food, to small shreds by rubbing it on a greater e.g., Peel and roughly grate the carrots.// e.g., Grated cheese (^^^ for this example)./// Make an unpleasant rasping sound e.g., The hinges of the door grated./// When a noise or behavior grates, it annoys you e.g., ‘After a while her voice really started to grate on me.’// e.g., ‘It’s the way he’s always talking about himself – it just grates on me’ (^^ for this meaning).
· Grating = (adjective) sounding harsh and unpleasant. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHsZCFKjmHg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMU2o4qJsLM // e.g., A high, grating voice.// e.g., ‘Would the recording be of a metallic grating voice?’ // e.g., The shadowy figure spit each word out in its grating voice./// Irritating e.g., The continual praise of the good old days can become grating.// e.g., ‘Oh, please,’ she begged in that grating voice that she seemed to know really got on his nerves instinctively.// e.g., ‘Trust me, after three or four songs of this nature, it tends to get a little grating on the old nerves.’
· Grille (or grill) = (noun) an opening of several slits side by side in a wall or metal sheet or another barrier, usually to let air or water enter and/or leave but keep larger objects including animals in or out (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/FerForg%C3%A9AncienLeGuerno.jpg
· Grater (also known as a shredder) = (noun) a metal device with holes surrounded by sharp edges used to cut food into small pieces (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Cheese_Grater.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Cheese_grater_utensil.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Cheese_grater.jpg
· Procession = (noun) a number of people or vehicles moving forward in an orderly fashion, especially as part of a ceremony e.g., A funeral procession.// See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIbbt6uGv58 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irTBmz-UMgY and http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/content/uploads/2015/06/Corpus-Christi-Poland.jpg and http://i1.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article863692.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/Queen%20Elizabeth%20rides%20in%20the%201902%20State%20Landau%20carriage%20as%20she%20leads%20a%20carriage%20procession%20through%20central%20London /// (mass noun) The action of moving forward in an orderly way e.g., The fully robed civic dignitaries walked in the procession./// A relentless succession of people or things e.g., Magistrates complain that they see a procession of minor recidivist offenders.// e.g., The magazine glorifies a procession of vaunted rebels for struggling to persuade a corporate hierarchy to let them generate profits./// (mass noun) The emanation of the Holy Spirit e.g., First at Ferrara and later at Florence, 14 months were spent in discussing the procession of the Spirit, more time than was devoted to any other issue.
· Succession (noun) (the adjective is ‘successive’) = (noun) a number of similar events or people that happen, exist, etc. after each other e.g., A succession of scandals and revelations undermined the government last year.// e.g., Life was just an endless succession of parties and dinners!/// In succession = happening one after another e.g., She had her first 3 children in rapid succession.// e.g., This is the 6th year in succession that they’ve won the cup./// A process in which someone automatically takes an official position or job after someone else e.g., ‘Who comes after the vice-president in the presidential time of succession?’ // e.g., Divorce will not prevent the prince of Wales’s succession to the throne (^^).
· Vaunted (pronounced vôntɪd) = (adjective) Boast about or praise something, especially excessively e.g., The modern U.S. military is vaunted as an all-volunteer force, but the truth is more complex.// e.g., More than any other area of genetics, then, the beneficial possibilities of gene therapy have been much vaunted.// e.g., His much-vaunted new scheme has been shown to have serious weaknesses (^^^ for the last example).
· Scheme (pronounced skiːm) = (noun) A large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining some particular object or putting a particular idea into effect.// Synonyms: plan, project, plan of action, program, strategy, stratagem.// e.g., A clever marketing scheme./// A public housing complex e.g., The whole scheme is plunged into darkness, bar the light in Victor's house./// (verb) Make plans, especially in a devious (= showing a skillful use of underhand tactics to achieve goals) way or with intent to do something illegal or wrong e.g., He schemed to bring about the collapse of the government.
· Dignitary (pronounced ˈdɪɡ.nɪ.t(ə)r.i) = (noun) a person considered to be important because of high rank or office e.g., The guests included former shareholders, local dignitaries, and many of the people directly involved with the project.// e.g., ‘I presented bouquets to visiting dignitaries at my prep school.// e.g., They banned the public from attending the funeral, which was restricted to local and visiting dignitaries and family.// e.g., The day dawned bright and sunny, and the event was well attended by family, friends, local dignitaries, and sponsors.
· Bouquet (pronounced buˈkeɪ) = (noun) An attractively arranged bunch of flowers, especially one presented as a gift or carried at a ceremony. See http://fyf.tac-cdn.net/images/products/large/BF172-11KM.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/86/42/43/8642436a2b9c8d83909005ba80c56f4e.jpg
· Suite (pronounced swit) (in music) (not to be confused with ‘suit’ (=clothes)) = (noun) (music) A set of instrumental compositions, originally in dance style, to be played in succession. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKSEvPHLOVM&index=54&list=PLkabqKbOJMGf2pJgGVKKLMyElRDWFC-xY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzXqIDFmt8I&index=55&list=PLkabqKbOJMGf2pJgGVKKLMyElRDWFC-xY
· Aversion = (noun) a strong dislike or disinclination e.g., They made plain (= obvious and clear to understand (^^)) their aversion to the use of force.// e.g., ‘I hate losing hard earned money, hence my aversion to Las Vegas!’// e.g., He had a deep-seated aversion to most forms of exercise./// Someone or something that arouses a strong dislike or disinclination e.g., ‘My dog's pet aversion is visitors, particularly males!’ // e.g., ‘I had some food aversions and was wondering who else had some they wanted to share.’
· Avert = (transitive verb) To prevent something bad from happening. Synonym = avoid.// e.g., To avert a crisis/ famine/ strike/ conflict.// e.g., To avert disaster/ economic collapse./// To turn away your eyes or thoughts e.g., ‘I averted my gaze/ eyes while she dressed.// e.g., We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems (^^).
· Ordeal (pronounced ôdiːəl ) = (noun) a very unpleasant and prolonged experience e.g., The ordeal of having to give evidence.// e.g., At least the ordeal of yet another defeat was over sooner than expected.// e.g., The alternative would have been to put their children through the ordeal of a possible court case./// (historical) An old test of guilt or innocence by subjection of the accused to severe pain, survival of which was taken as divine proof of innocence. For a medieval trial by ordeal See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhouaG6oe24 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ve2tbdvCdmc and http://www.duhaime.org/Portals/duhaime/images/ducking.jpg // e.g., Ordeals conducted in the 12th century./// (mass noun) Ordeal by fire.
· Imminent (vs) Eminent (vs) Pre-eminent
· Imminent (not to be confused with ‘eminent’) = (adjective) Coming or likely to happen very soon e.g., Imminent disaster/ danger (^^) // e.g., They were in imminent danger of being swept away.// e.g., A falcon regarding an expected visitor indicates imminent news or arrival.
· Eminent (not the same with ‘Pre-eminent’; also, not to be confused with ‘imminent’) = (adjective) Famous, respected, or important e.g., An eminent historian (^^) // e.g., One of the world's most eminent statisticians./// (attributive) Used to emphasize the presence of a positive quality e.g., The guitar’s eminent suitability for recording studio work.
· Pre-eminent = (adjective) surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way e.g., The world's pre-eminent expert on asbestos. (My comment as a medic = asbestos, a soft grayish-white material (^^), has been withdrawn from tubes and other house materials as it can cause a type of lung cancer called mesothelioma – also common to railway workers)// e.g., Next year the Times Literary Supplement, the pre-eminent British literary periodical, is 100 years old.
· Ominous (pronounced ˈɒm.ɪ.nəs) = (adjective) Giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen; threatening; inauspicious e.g., There were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead.// e.g., His dark, ominous eyes bore testament to the fact that he was dangerous.// e.g., The engine had been making an ominous sound all the way from London.// e.g., ‘There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed’ (^^^ for the last 2 examples).
· Inauspicious (pronounced ˌɪn.ɔːˈspɪʃ.əs) = (adjective) Not conducive to success; unpromising e.g., It was an inauspicious beginning to the long and complex entanglement.// e.g., The organizers claimed 10,000 delegates from all over Europe, made up of leftists, environmentalists, and anti-war campaigners, but as a celebration, it got off to an inauspicious start.// e.g., It is a good subject for a boardroom chat, but an inauspicious one for a magazine article./// Unlucky e.g., ‘Oh no, there's nothing inauspicious about your side of the bed.’ // e.g., It seemed like quite an inauspicious, dark year at the time, but 1981 was, like 1945, a turning point up from a bottom in some sense.
· Initiation = (mass noun) The action of admitting someone into a secret or obscure society or group, typically with a ritual e.g., Rituals of initiation.// e.g., So we seek a fuller understanding of Baptism as an initiation into a community of faith./// (as modifier) e.g., An initiation ceremony./// The introduction of someone to a particular activity or skill e.g., His initiation into the world of martial arts.// e.g., In Peru, access to condoms is limited and sexual initiation begins early./// The action of beginning something e.g., The initiation of criminal proceedings.
· Type of Leaves:
· a) Compassionate leave (for an employee to whom a family member has recently passed away (died) or is ill)
· b) Leave for a holiday (annual leave)
· c) Maternity leave (for pregnancy and puerperium)
· d) Parental leave (for a parent to take care his/her new baby)
· e) Paternity leave (for a father to take care his new baby)
· f) Sick leave (because of illness) (^^).
· g) Gardening leave (not related to ‘garden!’) = a period of time after an employee leaves a job when he/she is continued to be paid but he/she is not allowed to go to work or to begin a new job (^^).
· h) Administrative leave = (noun) (US English) a leave of absence imposed or granted in extraordinary circumstances; specifically enforced leave (paid or unpaid) taken by an employee pending the resolution of a disciplinary investigation.
· Parturition = (noun) the act of giving birth (^^); childbirth e.g., The weeks following parturition.// e.g., It should, however, be used cautiously during pregnancy, parturition, and menstruation (My comment: I guess it refers to a medicine).
· Puerperium (pronounced ˌpjuːəˈpɛrɪəm or ˌpjuːəˈpiːrɪəm) = (noun) The period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition. See http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-O1pOco8H3wI/UAfse_U37NI/AAAAAAAADnM/dJ_a4Q8EIus/s320/puerperium.jpg // // e.g., Common predisposing factors that require prophylaxis include surgery, immobilization, pregnancy and the puerperium, and oral contraception.
· Prophylaxis (pronounced ˌprɒf.ɪˈlæk.sɪs) = (noun) Action taken to prevent disease, especially by specified means or against a specified disease e.g., The treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris (= chest pain from heart ischemia (= restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism to keep tissue alive(***** for ischemia)).// e.g., These surgical patients would receive our routine antibiotic prophylaxis as well as the study drug.
· Transpire = (verb) (no object) Occur; happen e.g., ‘I’m going to find out exactly what transpired.’// e.g., The evidence of what transpired at the meeting is in dispute./// Prove to be the case e.g., As it transpired, he was right./// (usually as: ‘it transpires’) = (with clause) (of a secret or something unknown) Come to be known; be revealed e.g., It transpired that millions of dollars of debt had been hidden in a complex web of transactions.// e.g., Yaddo (My comment: I guess it refers to an artists’ community in Saratoga Springs, NYC), it transpired, had been under FBI surveillance for some time./// (Botany) (of a plant or leaf) Give off water vapor through the stomata (= pores; literally, stomata means mouths!) e.g., A cactus does not transpire as freely as most plants.// (verb with object) e.g., Moisture is transpired from plants much more quickly than is realized.
· Transparent = (adjective) (of a material or article) allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. For transparent water See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Brindis_%2824675281395%29.jpg For transparent fabric See https://i.pinimg.com/originals/59/1f/89/591f895e06acf3a3c8bc814c1b3d1c83.jpg and http://wwwcdn.impact-books.com/wp-content/uploads/Sci-Fi-Fashion-Transparent-Fabric-4.jpg // e.g., Transparent blue water.// e.g., Fine transparent fabrics./// Easy to perceive or detect e.g., The residents will see through any transparent attempt to buy their votes.// e.g., The meaning of the poem is by no means transparent./// Having thoughts or feelings that are easily perceived; open e.g., ‘You'd be no good at poker—you are too transparent.’ // e.g., Regarding being open, democratic or transparent, it has failed in that regard./// (of an organization or its activities) open to public scrutiny e.g., ‘If you had transparent government procurement, corruption would go away.’// e.g., ‘I believe that gives the public some certainty that this is an open, transparent process.’ /// (Computing)
(of a process or interface) functioning without the user being aware of its presence./// (Physics) Transmitting heat or other radiation without distortion; e.g., CFCs and water vapor are virtually transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation.
(of a process or interface) functioning without the user being aware of its presence./// (Physics) Transmitting heat or other radiation without distortion; e.g., CFCs and water vapor are virtually transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation.
· Transparency (not ‘transparity’ that does not exist) = (noun) The condition of being transparent. Synonyms: translucency, limpidity, clearness, clarity.// e.g., The transparency of ice./// An image, text, or positive transparent photograph printed on transparent plastic or glass, able to be viewed using a projector e.g., She then presents the photographs as transparencies in light-boxes./// Transparency, as used in companies, organizations, administrations, and communities, science, business, engineering, humanities and other social contexts, means openness, communication, and accountability. It is operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed and involves the perceived quality of intentionally shared information from a sender. Transparency guides an organization's decisions and policies on the disclosure of information to its employees and the public, or simply the intended recipient of the information (***** for this meaning).
· Trill = (noun) a quavering or vibratory sound, especially a rapid alternation of sung or played notes. For birds trilling See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nj1G5PpNWHA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okiUUDR1wO0 // e.g., The caged bird launched into a piercing (for our ears) trill./// The pronunciation of a consonant, especially ''r'', with a rapid vibration of the tongue against the hard or soft palate or the uvula./// (verb; no object) Produce a quavering or warbling sound e.g., A skylark was trilling overhead./// (with direct speech) e.g., ''Coming sir,'' they both trilled.// (verb with object) e.g., Trilling a love ballad, she led him to her chair.// (verb with object) Pronounce a consonant by the rapid vibration of the tongue against the hard or soft palate or the uvula. For R trilling in Latin Language See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9eN2B7Wj68 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKRQMCHlONU
· Quaver (pronounced ˈkweɪvə) = (verb no object) (of a person's voice) Shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion. Synonyms = tremble, quiver./// My comment: usually we say ‘quivering voice’ – See below./// e.g., His voice quavered with rage.// e.g., ‘I'm not safe here, am I?’ he said in a quavering voice./// (noun) A shake or tremble in a person's voice e.g., It was impossible to hide the slight quaver in her voice./// (UK English) (Music) A note having the time value of an eighth of a semibreve or half a crotchet, represented by a large dot with a hooked stem (also called eight note). See http://www.piano-keyboard-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/eighth-notes-beamed.png and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2W6L6mYX9Y
· Quiver = (verb no object) tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cujgXFf5LyI For a quivering (shaky) voice See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heq_L4FeNGQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4hDIvB28g8 For quivering lips See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cPRdLfkdvE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aKeorMPNes // e.g., The tree's branches stopped quivering./// (verb with object) Cause something to make a slight rapid motion e.g., The bird runs along in a zigzag path, quivering its wings./// A slight trembling movement or sound, especially one caused by a sudden strong emotion. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPwW6XQDkgs /// e.g., Mary felt a quiver of fear./// (noun) An archer's portable case for holding arrows. See https://jdouglasriggs.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/1771893902_2f6883341d.jpg and https://viphealthyleadership.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/quiver_lrg-11.jpg /// A set of surfboards of different lengths and shapes for use with different types of waves. See https://www.surfholidays.com/assets/images/blog/2010-12-15-Dream-Surf-Gifts-0.jpg and https://proctorsurf.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/rozsa-t2-quiver-1024x607.jpg and http://cdn.surfer.com/uploads/2011/09/quiver_ellis1.jpg /// ''An arrow in the quiver''= (phrase) one of a number of resources or strategies that can be drawn on or followed.
· Forge = (verb with object) Make or shape a metal object by heating it in a fire or furnace and hammering it. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmvcX1do0Iw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmvcX1do0Iw // e.g., He forged a great suit of black armor./// Create something strong, enduring, or successful e.g., The two women forged a close bond.// e.g., The country is forging a bright new future.// Zimbabwe president's resigning is an opportunity to forge new path free of oppression (from the BBC)./// Produce a fraudulent copy or imitation of a document, signature, banknote, or work of art e.g., The signature on the check was forged.// e.g., Forged money.// e.g., This could, with considerable effort, be used to forge certificates and signatures.//// (noun) A blacksmith's workshop; a smithy e.g., When we walk past the blacksmith's forge, a large man stops us.//// A furnace for melting or refining metal e.g., ‘We could not produce blueprints or mold metal pokers in the forge.’/// A workshop or factory containing a furnace for melting metal e.g., In cities, foundries and forges were large commercial affairs often employing up to forty men./// (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Move forward gradually or steadily e.g., She forged through the crowded streets.// e.g., He forges through the reeds and nips at the bull’s heels./// Forge ahead = (phrasal verb) take the lead or make good progress e.g., It may be that exports are forging ahead while home sales sag.
· Reed = (noun) the hollow stem of any of various types of tall, stiff plants like grasses growing together in groups near water. See https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/22/3722-004-4627F4EF.jpg and http://www.photographyblogger.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/reed4.jpg /// A thin piece of wood or metal that vibrates very quickly to produce sound in a musical instrument when someone blows it (*).// A thin strip of material which vibrates to produce a sound on a musical instrument (*****) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Bassoon_Reeds.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/bc/a6/14/bca614c34ce4b3a0391b9c1acb7f0b70.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Saxophone_reeds-alto%2C_tenor.jpeg
· Nip = (verb with object) Bite or pinch sharply. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUHCPOYqYBw // e.g., The dog nipped him on the leg./// (verb no object) e.g., His teeth nipped at her ear.// e.g., His pet struggled in his grasp, nipping angrily at fingers./// (of the cold or frost) Damage or hurt e.g., The vegetable garden, nipped now by frost./// (My comment as a medic: exposure to extreme cold may cause – especially to the extremities – a ‘frostbite’)./// Nip something off = (phrase) remove something by pinching or squeezing sharply e.g., He nipped off a length of wire with the cutters.// (UK English) (informal) (verb; no object; with adverbial of direction) Go quickly e.g., I am just nipping down to the Post Office./// (informal) (verb with object) (US English) Steal or snatch something e.g., ‘Ever nipped a spoon or a napkin from a restaurant?’ /// (noun) A sharp bite or pinch e.g., A strong beak which can deliver a serious nip./// A feeling of biting cold e.g., A keen nip in the air./// ''In the nip'' = (phrase) (informal) in the nude; naked e.g., They were running round in the nip./// ''Nip something in the bud'' = (phrase) suppress or destroy something at an early stage e.g., The idea has been nipped in the bud by the local council./// (noun) A small quantity or a sip of spirits e.g., A nip of brandy./// (verb no object) Take a sip or sips of spirits e.g., The men nipped from the bottle./// (informal) (offensive) A Japanese person.
·Serviette = (noun) A table napkin. See http://img.sndimg.com/food/image/upload/w_555,h_416,c_fit,fl_progressive,q_95/v1/img/recipes/24/10/02/picJmsPyi.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/WSonRUfYTME/maxresdefault.jpg
· Napkin = (noun) A square piece of cloth or paper used at a meal to wipe the fingers or lips and to protect garments or to serve food on. See https://i0.wp.com/www.rc-globalholding.com/admin/product_image_upload/Tissue%20Papers.jpg and http://etiquettehope.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/5/3825275/5745598_orig.jpg For a cloth napkin See https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pxrxNiVUd_o/maxresdefault.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b9/c1/18/b9c1180bff7d36c7acbd5697cb69c3f7--christmas-tree-napkins-the-christmas.jpg //
· Nappy (diaper in US English) = (noun) A square of thick, soft paper or cloth that is fastened around a baby’s bottom and between its legs to absorb its urine and its solid waste (My comment: ‘solid waste’ is a politer term for feces) (^^). For nappies See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Baby_diaper.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Paddi_picture_for_wiki_high_res.jpg and http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/wcassets/ideas/Info%20pages/little_ones_baby_shop/baby_hub_category_pod_nappies_1.jpg
· Tit (plural = tits) = (noun) (informal) A woman’s breast.// (noun) (US vulgar slang) Titty (plural = titties)./// (UK English) (usually offensive) A stupid person e.g., ‘Why did you do that, you stupid great tit?’ /// A common small bird found in the Northern hemisphere (^^).
· Cutters = (noun) a tool for cutting something. For office paper cutters See http://www.fiskars.co.nz/var/fiskars_emea/storage/images/frontpage2/school-office/products/cutters/2680596-1-eng-EU/Cutters.png and http://www.dhresource.com/260x260s/f2-albu-g4-M00-5A-FF-rBVaEVeX2WuAKK8PAAHMZMVrlWA137.jpg/wholesale-extensive-small-metal-steel-knife.jpg and http://jpcorporation.in/image/data/Paper%20Cutter%20Small.jpg For Wire cutters See https://thesweethome.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/03/01w-wirecutters-channellock-e337cb-630.jpg and http://german-hand-tools.com/images/134-69-160.jpg For Bolt cutters See http://cdn.barstoolsports.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/01/12708__68759.1408484626.1280.1280.jpg?b79393 and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Bolt_cutters_animated.gif (*).
· Thatch = (mass noun) A roof covering of straw, reeds, palm leaves, or a similar material. For thatched roof See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Pub.williams.arp.750pix.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/87_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Thatched_Roof_Cottage%2C_Cotswolds%2C_England_%282016%29.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/07/05/article-2169305-0843FE0E000005DC-64_468x336.jpg and http://www.thatched-group.com/images/img06/homepic3.jpg // e.g., The rain drummed noisily on the thatch above her head./// Straw or similar material used for covering a roof e.g., Good thatch is difficult to obtain /// (informal) (in singular) A person's hair, especially when thick or unruly. For thatch hair See https://ethicsalarms.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/trump-hair.jpg and https://i2-prod.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article9755378.ece/ALTERNATES/s615b/Donald-Trump.jpg // e.g., A young man with a thatch of untidy blond hair./// A matted layer of dead stalks, moss, and other material in a lawn. See https://www.natureslawn.com/wp-content/uploads/thatch_diagram.jpg and http://www.gardenmyths.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lawn-Thatch.jpg and http://insightslandscape.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/cross-section-thatch.png and http://www.gardenmyths.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lawn-Thatch.jpg // e.g., Scarify the lawn to remove debris and thatch./// (verb with object) Cover a roof or a building with straw or a similar material e.g., Thatched cottages.
· Sag = (verb; no object) Sink, subside or bulge downwards under weight or pressure or through lack of strength. For sagging pants (not from me: originally this trendy style was introduced by young black people in the US) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlsoqMl7lq0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Fg7fZW-vGk and http://projects.nyujournalism.org/nyuprecollege2016/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2016/08/saggy-pants.jpg and https://chiniquy.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/saggy-pants-illegal1.jpg For sagging dance See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm-V7Znz-Wc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVO12Ib8b3M For saggy breasts See http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/images/sagging-breasts.jpg and http://assets.rebelcircus.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/hfghgh.jpg // e.g., She let her head sag lower and lower.// e.g., The bed sagged in the middle.// e.g., Sagging shelves bearing rusty paint tins./// Hang down loosely or unevenly e.g., Stockings which sagged at the knees.// e.g., Depending on which way the canvases are hung, the paint seems to sag with or resist the force of gravity./// Decline to a lower level, usually temporarily e.g., Exports are forging ahead while home sales sag.// e.g., Voltage sags are the most common power quality problem./// (Noun) A downward curve or bulge in a structure caused by weakness or excessive weight or pressure e.g., A sag in the middle necessitated a third set of wheel./// A decline, especially a temporary one e.g., Instead of falling, the dollar has risen, helped along by the sag in the euro as it becomes apparent that the eurozone economic model is on the road to nowhere./// Sag off = (phrasal verb) play truant from school.
· Moss = (noun) a very small, green or yellow plant that grows especially in wet earth or rocks, walls, and tree trunks See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tionesta-ac-moss2.jpg/1200px-Tionesta-ac-moss2.jpg and http://images.wisegeek.com/moss.jpg // e.g., The rocks near the river were covered with moss (*).
· Spiky = (adjective) Having many spikes or sharp projecting points. For a spiky cactus See https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/spiky-cactus-22845390.jpg and http://afflictor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2010_Cactualdea_La_Aldea_de_San_Nicolas_Gran_Canaria_Spain_6-Donar-Reiskoffer.jpg For spiky hairstyle See http://www.menshairstylestoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Short-Spiky-Hairstyles-For-Guys.jpg and http://hairstylecamp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Best-Short-Spiky-Hairstyles-for-men-4-min.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/08/30/article-2738256-20EA360900000578-856_634x879.jpg For spiked heels See https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/worst_shoes_slideshow/getty_rm_photo_of_spiked_high_heels.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/originals/3e/43/9a/3e439a2474c6fc75ad959141126e8410.jpg // e.g., A spiky cactus./// Resembling a spike or spikes; e.g., His hair was dark and spiky.// e.g., Wear pencil skirts with spiked heels./// (informal) Easily offended or annoyed e.g., He sounded spiky and defensive.// e.g., He is a quality player but he's got a bit of a spiky attitude.
· Scarify (pronounced a) Skarɪfʌɪ (= cut & remove debris) b) ˈSkerɪfʌɪ (= frighten)) (usually as an adjective Scarifying) = a) (pronounced skarɪfʌɪ) (verb with object) Cut and remove debris from a lawn with a scarifier. See http://www.pridehomeservices.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scarifying-moss.jpg and http://www.mygardeningnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/5-1.jpg // e.g., Avoid scarifying lawns with live moss in them as it will cause the problem to spread./// Break up the surface of the soil or a road or pavement. See http://vandvlinestripingnj.com/wp-content/gallery/scarifying/pavement-grinder-400x400.jpg and http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/research/documents/research-photos/bars_widening.jpg // e.g., They intend to scarify the top layer to a depth of a few inches prior to next season./// Make shallow incisions in the skin, especially as a medical procedure or traditional cosmetic practice. For scarification body art (also known as skin carving) See https://www.tattoodo.com/images/0/11950.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c7/4b/9e/c74b9ecbccde785aef40e1b582090914.png // e.g., He scarified the snakebite with a paring knife.// /// Criticize severely and hurtfully e.g., He scarified our leading politicians, seizing upon their vulnerable points. b) (pronounced ˈskerɪfʌɪ) (usually as an adjective) Scarifying = (informal) Frighten e.g., A scarifying mix of extreme violence and absurdist humor.
· Scarifier = (noun) A tool with spikes or prongs used for breaking up matted vegetation on the surface of a lawn. For a lawn scarifier See https://www.harrodhorticultural.com/uploads/images/products/GGT-981_large.jpg and https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB12ayoKpXXXXb2XFXXq6xXFXXXH/lawn-scarifier.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/j3938AsZ-gc/maxresdefault.jpg // e.g., ‘Yesterday he tried to kill me by telling me it was fine to use the lawn scarifier without a power breaker in the circuit.’
· Bump = (noun) A light blow or a jolting collision e.g., A nasty bump on the head./// The bumps = (informal) (UK English) on a person's birthday - a custom by which the person is lifted by the arms and legs and let down on to the ground, once for each year of their age. See https://irishamericanbreakfast.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/birthday-bumpslr.jpg and the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoukIB7eq1o // e.g., The children were given the bumps./// (in races where boats make a spaced start one behind another) The point at which a boat begins to overtake or touch the boat ahead, thereby defeating it. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UYq18P5_9XM3SlL_IXxKxvT9eNPKTGigEE_MVLC0IhWkjlxfdr8MaqyA_jLvQ_KzM3x4l81NdPtjZQ3fJPr388XaBs8CbmCRQ5u6HDhNK7r7IbcSQZ5SF36CVLYJhyXyUShmemaNijk/s1600/Pic+8.JPG and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bX_9nmhTr2s /// (Aeronautics) A rising air current causing an irregularity in an aircraft's motion. /// A swelling on the skin, especially one caused by illness or injury. See http://www.healtreatcure.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bump-on-shoulder-under.png and https://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/topic_centers/raised-skin-bump/194x105_WIKI-COM_Skin_lesion_in_diabetic_patient_1.jpg // e.g., Her mosquito bites had come up in huge red bumps./// (US English) (informal) An increase e.g., There was a bump in the number of outbound flights.// e.g., But they say the sales increase would only be a small bump in total industry sales, already exceeding $25 billion./// (mass noun) A loosely woven fleeced cotton fabric used in upholstery and as lining material. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTdoKD42e2Q and https://www.marthastewart.com/908157/bump-fabric-ironing-velvet-mangles (to watch the video) For a bump sofa See http://www.specsserver.com/CACHE/FREKGTGCTDF G.JPG?width=800&height=-1 and http://c.shld.net/rpx/i/s/i/spin/10025915/prod_1593126812?wid=800&hei=800&op_sharpen=1 /// (verb; no object) Knock or run into someone or something with a jolt e.g., I almost bumped into him./// (verb with object) e.g., She bumped the girl with her hip./// Bump into = meet by chance; come across e.g., We might just bump into each other.// e.g., Sophia bumps into Sam, and he tells her he is going to be a dad./// (verb with object) Hurt or damage something by striking it on something else e.g., She bumped her head on the sink./// (verb with object) (in a race) Gain a bump against.// (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Move or travel with much jolting e.g., The car bumped along the rutted track./// (verb with object and adverbial of direction) Push something jerkily in a specified direction e.g., He had to bump the pushchair down the steps./// (verb with object) Refuse a passenger a reserved place on a flight because of deliberate overbooking by the airline. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYXP3lyFS_0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeo6pZ9cl50 // e.g., If you check in on time and are bumped, you will be entitled to a full refund./// (US English) Displace from a job, especially in favor of someone else e.g., She was bumped for a youthful model./// ''Be bumping along the bottom'' = (phrase) reach the lowest point in performance or ranking without improving or deteriorating further e.g., The economy was still bumping along the bottom./// ''A bump in the road'' = (phrase) (informal) a problem or setback e.g., Their relationship has hit another bump in the road./// ''With a bump'' = (phrase) suddenly and shockingly e.g., The scandal brought them down to earth with a bump./// Bump someone off = (phrasal verb) murder someone; e.g., He would try and bump the blackmailer off./// Bump something up = (phrasal verb) increase something e.g., The hotel may well bump up the bill.
· Shaggy = (adjective) having or covered with long, rough and untidy hair, or (of hair) long, rough and untidy. For a shaggy goat See https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/shaggy-goat-daniel-eskridge.jpg and http://images.summitpost.org/original/900953.JPG For a shaggy chest See https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/hairy-chest-14456522.jpg and http://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/men/2016/05/09/shutterstock_53874424_trans_NvBQzQNjv4BqkiOKVduttVcgty8_SQAQAf148x38C4tKyuGjwWkb67Y.jpg?imwidth=450 // e.g., A shaggy dog/ pony.// e.g., The shaggy coat of a sheep.// e.g., A shaggy rug (*).
· Upholstery = (noun) the cloth used for covering a seat and/or the substance used for filling it. See http://dkbu.com/uploads/3/4/8/3/3483215/3687524_orig.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/12/01/88/120188a3eb42b1278a69637328b2e55e.jpg For upholstered wall See http://cdn.homedit.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/tufted-walls-grey-accents.jpg and http://images.meredith.com/content/dam/bhg/Images/2009/06/100969322.jpg.rendition.largest.jpg // Νote: For a wall, we use the word wallpaper. See https://www.feathr.com/images/uploads/Machair-Wallpaper-Rainbow-1992.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/79/c0/4d/79c04d558f5fa534b7132ae28d82b0c2.jpg (*).
· Complacent (pronounced kəmˈpleɪ.sənt) = (adjective) Showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements e.g., ‘You can't afford to be complacent about security.’// e.g., As the minister for justice, he was obviously very complacent about the letter sent to him by the fingerprint expert.// e.g., With 60 deaths on our roads every week, none of us can afford to be complacent.// e.g., Nothing is 100% safe and nobody should be complacent at a cash machine.
· Complacency (or complacence) (pronounced kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si) = (noun) a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder e.g., ‘What annoys me about these girls is their complacency – they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons.’// e.g., There is no room for complacency if we want to stay in this competition (*).// e.g., ‘I would like to see less complacency over crime levels in the area and less smugness on the local environment.’// e.g., But there are no grounds for complacency, and there is justified fear for the future.
· Smug (adjective) (the noun is ‘smugness’) = (adjective; smugger, smuggest) (disapproving) Too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know e.g., There was a hint of smug satisfaction in his voice.// e.g., A smug grin (= wide smile) (^^).
· Arrogant (adjective) (the noun is ‘arrogance’ and ‘arrogantly’ is the adverb) = (adjective) unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people e.g., ‘I found him arrogant and rude (^^).
· Conceit (pronounced kənˈsiːt) = (noun) Excessive pride in oneself e.g., He was puffed up with conceit.// e.g., Indeed, conceit, arrogance, and egotism are the essentials of patriotism.// e.g., It is clear from his arrogance and boundless conceit that he has never faced serious opposition from the working class./// A fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor e.g., The idea of the wind's singing is a prime romantic conceit.// e.g., The extravagant conceits of ‘The Weeper’, addressed to Mary Magdalen, were much ridiculed in subsequent periods./// An artistic effect or device e.g., The director's brilliant conceit was to film this tale in black and white.// e.g., It's a brilliant conceit, and for the most part, works wonderfully./// A fanciful notion e.g., He is alarmed by the widespread conceit that he spent most of the 1980s drunk.// e.g., Western rationality and pride in a democracy can seem an intolerable, parochial conceit to those whose lives have been so violently disturbed.
· Parochial (pronounced pəˈrəʊ.ki.əl) = (adjective) connected with a parish (= an area that has its own church or priest) e.g., Parochial boundaries./// (adjective) (disapproving) showing interest only in a narrow range of matters, especially those that directly affect yourself, your town, or your country e.g., A parochial view/ opinion.// e.g., Although it’s just a local paper, it somehow manages not to be too parochial in its outlook (^^).
· Swindle = (verb) to get money dishonesty from someone by deceiving or cheating them e.g., They swindled local business out of thousands of dollars (*) /// (noun) e.g., Fraud squad officers are investigating a $1 million swindle (^^^) // e.g., A businessman swindled investors out of millions of pounds./// Obtain money fraudulently e.g., He was said to have swindled £50 million from the state-owned cement industry.
· Convert (pronounced: verb = kənˈveːt /// noun = ˈkaːn.veːt) = (verb) (pronounced kənˈveːt) to cause something or someone to change form or character e.g., Modernization has converted the country from a primitive society to a near-industrial one.// e.g., ‘Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom?’/// To change to a new religion, belief, opinion etc., or to make someone do this e.g., He converted to Catholicism when he got married.// e.g., ‘I used to hate exercise, but my sister has converted me.’/// (In sport) To score extra points such as conversion, free throw, or penalty shot e.g., Faulkner gave away a penalty corner which was converted by Saeed Anjum.// e.g., He converted the spot kick to put Spurs ahead and then provided the pass for Steffen Iversen to make it 3-0./// (noun) (pronounced ˈkaːn.veːt) Someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living e.g., A Christian/ Buddhist convert.// e.g., A convert to vegetarianism ((*) except for the 2nd example and the 2 examples with the score (games)) // e.g., He is a recent convert to the Church.
· Free throw = (in basketball) an opportunity to score extra points that is given to a member of one team if a player from the other team has broken a rule. See https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/fundamentals/Graphics/free_throw.gif and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUOitI-Pgog // e.g., Violation of a rule constitutes a foul and gives the opponents a free throw for the basket from a point 15 feet away (*).
· Foul (pronounced faʊl) (not to be confused with ‘full’) = (adjective) Offensive to the senses, especially through having a disgusting smell or taste or being unpleasantly soiled.// Synonyms: disgusting, revolting, repulsive. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLL5Oznnm0M and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy5-Ax9mqqs // e.g., A foul odor.// e.g., His foul breath./// Wicked or immoral e.g., Murder most foul.// e.g., Racism is a foul, potentially murderous and often actually murderous thing./// Containing or charged with noxious matter; polluted. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioU7RicZdjs and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93t-AuMbVRg // e.g., Foul, swampy water.// e.g., Afterwards he lay there, breathing the foul air as shallowly as he could.//// (noun) (in sports) An unfair or invalid stroke or piece of play, especially one involving interference with an opponent e.g., It was a tough time for the French and Silvestre, having already been booked for a foul on Gillespie./// A disease in the feet of cattle - also called foot rot. See https://image.slidesharecdn.com/claw-140326181536-phpapp01/95/claw-affections-dr-alaa-ghazy-17-638.jpg?cb=1395858345 and http://vetbook.org/wiki/cow/images/0/05/Footrot01.jpg /// (verb) Make foul or dirty; pollute e.g., Factories that fouled the atmosphere.// e.g., The spill fouled over 60 miles of the river and 20 marinas in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware./// (in sports) Commit a foul against an opponent e.g., The keeper fouled his opponent but avoided a red card./// (of a ship) Collide with or interfere with the passage of another. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTNX7wyNeg4 // e.g., e.g., In The Edison (1933) AC 449, the appellants, whose vessel had been fouled by the respondents, claimed damages under various heads./// (Nautical) (of a rope or anchor) Entangled. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xonGATVbnTw /// (adverb) Unfairly; contrary to the rules e.g., That's the real problem: even guys who want to play fair are under pressure from cheaters to play foul.// e.g., So that if you're knowingly taking advantage of people with a disadvantage, then you're coming foul of the Trade Practices Act.
· Protuberance = (noun) a projection or swelling on a part of the body such as the chin or the eyebrow. For protuberance in anatomy See http://exploreplasticsurgery.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Occiptal-Knob-Dr-Barry-Eppley-Indianapolis2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/External_occipital_protuberance.jpg/360px-External_occipital_protuberance.jpg // e.g., Bunions are joint protuberances that stick out on either side of the foot (*).
· Menace (pronounced ˈmenəs) = (My comment: you may often meet it as a title of naïve YouTube ‘action movies’) (noun) something that is likely to cause harm e.g., Drunk drivers are a menace to everyone.// e.g., Dogs running loose are a public menace.// e.g., The menace of industrial pollution./// A dangerous quality that makes you think someone is going to do something bad e.g., He had a slight air of menace which made me uneasy.// e.g., He spoke with a hint of menace./// A person, especially a child, who is very annoying e.g., He was accused of unlawfully demanding money with menaces./// (verb) If someone or something menaces a person or thing, he, she, or it threatens seriously to harm it e.g., Hurricane Hugo menaced the eastern coast for a week (*).
· Poach (pronounced pəʊtʃ) = (verb) to cook something such as a fish or an egg with its shell removed, by putting it in gently boiling water or other liquid. For poached egg See http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1871218/images/o-POACHED-EGGS-facebook.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egdu-19VM5w // e.g., We had poached eggs for breakfast.// e.g., Pears poached in red wine./// To catch and kill animals without permission on someone else's land. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zKDFjAHkes and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ATMX_YeQPI // e.g., The farmer claimed that he shot the men because they were poaching on his land.// e.g., Ten tigers are thought to have been poached from national parks./// (Disapproving) To persuade someone who works for someone else to come and work for you e.g., They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company (*)./// (of an animal) Trample or cut up turf with its hoofs e.g., There has been a temptation on some farms to roll fields that have been badly poached.// e.g., Zero-grazing saves the fields from poaching.
· Trample = (intransitive or transitive verb + (usually) preposition) to step heavily on someone or something, causing damage or injury e.g., Somebody trampled all over my flowerbeds in the night.// e.g., Seven people were trampled to death (= killed) when the stadium collapsed and the crowd rushed out onto the football pitch./// To act without any respect for someone or something e.g., He argues that Congress trampled the constitutional rights of legal immigrants in the new welfare reform law.// e.g., He accused the government of trampling on the needs and rights of the ordinary citizens (^^).
· Stampede = (noun) a sudden panicked rush of a number of horses, cattle, or other animals. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S14vY3z_euE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8aHLMsmsE8 For dinosaurs stampede from the Jurassic Park See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-RPO10aPY and https://images.moviepilot.com/images/c_limit,q_auto:good,w_600/uxwutrmxz5lv09kgzeax/jurassic-park-iii-credit-universal-pictures.jpg // e.g., The herd was fleeing back to the high land in a wild stampede./// A sudden rapid movement or reaction of a mass of people in response to a particular circumstance or stimulus. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR62Ko8kt5w and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeWOxlYSzwg&index=3&t=16s&list=PLkabqKbOJMGe_BKOHR24J0e28FOolcUGz // e.g., A stampede of bargain hunters.
· Pear (as a fruit) (pronounced peə(r)) = (noun) A sweet yellowish- or brownish-green edible fruit that is typically narrow at the stalk and wider towards the base, with sweet, slightly gritty flesh. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Pears.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Assortment_of_pears.jpg
· Pursue (not ‘persue’) (pronounced pəˈsju) (the noun is pursuit, pronounced pəˈsjuːt) = (verb) follow someone or something in order to catch or attack them e.g., He pursues a relationship with a particular woman, with a view to marriage.// e.g., The (police) officer pursued the van.// (figurative) e.g., A heavily indebted businessman was being pursued by creditors.
· Tattle = (noun) Gossip; idle talk e.g., But Peter has no truck with those who argue that the player, who is injury-prone and inclined to attract lurid headlines, has little left to offer the sport beyond tears and tabloid tattle./// e.g., ‘What is certain is that we've all had more than enough of his tactless tattle./// (verb; no object) Gossip idly e.g. According to some tattling sources, he never quite gave her up.// e.g., They tend to gain control by withdrawing affection and attention or by gossiping and tattling./// Report another's wrongdoing e.g., He never tattled or told tales.// e.g., ‘I would tattle on her whenever I had hard evidence.’/// To secretly tell someone in authority, especially a teacher, that someone else has done something bad, often in order to cause trouble e.g., ‘Did you tattle on us to the teacher?’ ((*) for the last meaning) ./// Tittle-tattle = talk about other people’s lives that is usually unkind, disapproving, or not true; gossip.
· Monger (pronounced mʌŋ.ɡə(r)) = (combining form) (mainly disapproving (*)) Denoting a dealer or trader in a specified commodity e.g., Fishmonger.// e.g., Cheesemonger./// Denoting a person who promotes a specified activity, situation, or feeling, especially one that is undesirable or discreditable e.g., Warmonger./// Mongering (suffix) e.g., They accused him of rumor-mongering/ scandal-mongering (^^^ for mongering).
· Snitch = (verb) to secretly tell someone in authority that someone else has done something bad, often in order to cause trouble e.g., ‘She thought I had snitched on her.’// e.g., ‘He snitched to my boss that I'd been making long–distance calls at work.’/// (informal) To steal something e.g., "Where did you get that money?" -"I snitched it from my dad when he wasn't looking!'' (*).
· Hobble (pronounce ˈhäbəl) = (verb; no object, with adverbial of direction) Walk awkwardly, typically because of pain from an injury. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG63K6Eaj4M&t=8s and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/05/29/article-2643008-1E4EEEB400000578-510_634x423.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG63K6Eaj4M e.g., He was hobbling around on crutches.// e.g., She hobbled in her awkward leg brace as she came to her next table./// (verb; with object) Tie or strap together the legs of a horse or other animal to prevent it from straying. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkbbNydexj0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuLjYRy3ad4 and http://www.infohorse.com/rwhobblerope.jpg and http://nextlevelhorsemanship.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/FeaturedTrainer_1.jpg For police hobbling a bad guy (training video) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwOWHkar9gE /// Cause a person or animal to limp e.g., David was also hobbled by bone spurs, which he'd had since high school.// e.g., Jim was still hobbled slightly by an ankle injury./// Restrict the activity or development of e.g., Cotton farmers hobbled by low prices.// (noun) (in singular) An awkward way of walking, typically due to pain from an injury e.g., He finished the game almost reduced to a hobble./// A rope or strap used for hobbling a horse or other animal.
· Brace = (noun) A device that clamps things tightly together or that gives support, in particular. For a knee brace See https://i.pinimg.com/originals/09/5a/f8/095af81f5e38763d91d1ab447caae2e7.jpg and https://www.dme-direct.com/media/catalog/product/cache/image/1800x/040ec09b1e35df139433887a97daa66f/o/s/ossur-rebound-cartilage-knee-brace-guy.jpg For a neck brace See http://flatonmyback.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/neck-brace-icu.jpg and http://dontpaniconline.com/media/magazine/660x420/6d0f8f187e6a65dcf2c4453cd03196fc.png // e.g., A neck brace.// e.g., Knee braces are supports that you wear for a painful or injured knee./// A pair of something, typically of birds or mammals killed in hunting e.g., Thirty braces of grouse./// (verb) Make a structure stronger or firmer with wood, iron, or other forms of support e.g., The posts were braced by lengths of timber.// e.g., Possibly because of its reduced width, the jaw apparatus is more strongly braced in the center.
· Banger = (noun) (UK English) A very old car in bad condition. See https://images.honestjohn.co.uk/imagecache/file/crop/1200x800/media/10079109/Austin~Westminster~banger.jpg and http://www.macmillandictionaryblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/old-banger.jpg /// (UK English) A small, noisy firework; a small container of explosives that makes a loud noise when it explodes. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qUUtBHFmmI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtJ_ryodELo /// (UK English) (Informal) Sausage. See http://www.katearnoldnutrition.co.uk/Common_Sense_Nutrition/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/main_banger.jpg // e.g., Bangers and mash (potatoes) (*).
· Remonstrate = (verb) to complain to someone or about something e.g., ‘I went to the boss to remonstrate against the new rules.’// e.g., The editor remonstrated with him about the inaccuracies in the story (*) e.g., She turned angrily to remonstrate with Jim.// (with direct speech) ‘You don't mean that,’ he remonstrated.’
· Bawl = (verb) to shout in a very loud voice. For a lion bawl See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuLS3u1grXI // e.g., The teacher bawled at me to sit down (*). // (with direct speech) ‘‘Move!’ bawled the drill corporal.’ // (verb with object) e.g., We began to bawl out the words of the carol./// (verb; no object) Weep or cry noisily. For a Bawling baby See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAGswpZ7wlU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCgBJDeqesk // e.g., Bawling babies.// e.g., ‘But my teacher would not ask the bus driver to stop… until I bawled like a baby.’
· Carol (pronounced ˈkær.(ə)l) = (noun) A religious folk song or popular hymn, particularly one associated with Christmas. Synonyms: Christmas song, hymn, canticle.// See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVGKfDoANRA&list=PLAD2E6B00AB90431E&index=32 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSUFzC6_fp8 // e.g., Singing Christmas carols around the tree./// (Verb) Sing Christmas songs or hymns, especially in a group e.g., A night of Christmas caroling was traditional./// Sing or say something happily e.g., She was cheerfully caroling the words of the song.
· Huntsman = (noun) someone who hunts animals with a gun or other weapons./// (UK English) Someone who uses dogs and rides a horse to hunt animals, especially foxes, for sport. See http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/128/590x/secondary/fox-254966.jpg and http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/projs2002b/Medieval%20Hunting%20text_files/image003.jpg
· Cub (pronounced kʌb) = (noun) The young of a fox, bear, lion, or other carnivorous (pronounced ˌkärˈniv(ə)rəs, i.e., feeding on other animals) mammals. For lion cubs See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7h4TESJs7M and https://africageographic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/lion-cubs1.jpg // (verb) Give birth to cubs e.g., Both share the same earth during the first ten days after cubbing.
· Hoard = (noun) a stock or store of money or valued objects, typically one that is secret or carefully guarded. For a money hoard See https://fm.cnbc.com/applications/cnbc.com/resources/img/editorial/2016/04/15/103552759-GettyImages-505927296.1910x1000.jpg and https://previews.123rf.com/images/m3ron/m3ron1410/m3ron141000006/32379803-golden-hoard-of-money-icon-with-coins-on-background-3D-render-isolated-on-white-Stock-Photo.jpg // e.g., He came back to rescue his little hoard of gold.// e.g., His characters stay in a hotel annexed to the British Museum, so they're absorbed into its hoard of pillaged imperial trophies./// An ancient store of coins or other valuable artifacts e.g., A hoard of Romano-British bronzes./// An amassed store of useful information, retained for future use e.g., A hoard of secret information about his work./// (verb with object) Accumulate money or valued objects and hide or store away. See https://mmmglobal.bz/files/global/10703.jpg and https://fm.cnbc.com/applications/cnbc.com/resources/img/editorial/2014/09/22/102021829-arms-full-of-money.530x298.jpg?v=1411400139 // e.g., Thousands of antiques hoarded by a compulsive collector./// Keep in one's mind for future use e.g., A year's worth of hoarded resentments and grudges.
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