· Stanza = (noun) A group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse. See http://chassidyslanguage.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/9/8/26981361/4475810.png and https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaIByXHrrF2MLNV1DrnLDjEfwgpW6J9HnWwdv9cNZSBJLoQcdzheK4bKUyFhYchrRkHzfHn5b7a2hPfNaKDuVEgg_cX69MgeJLQXlaMLmYVPr71j2K4Sg8M_K4OdPDD5x9asX2EcFeGs3x/s1600/stanza.jpg // e.g., ‘First, concerning prosody, he believes that the syllable count of poetic lines, strophes, stanzas , and poems was essential to the writing of biblical poetry.’
· Rhyme (pronounced raɪm) = (transitive or intransitive verb) Words that rhyme have the same last sound e.g., "Blue" and ''flew'' rhyme./// (noun) A word that has the same last sounds like another word e.g., ‘Can you think of a rhyme for ''orange''?’/// A short poem, especially for young children e.g., A book of rhymes and songs./// The use of rhymes in poetry e.g., This poem is her first attempt at rhyme./// ''In rhyme'' = written as a poem so that the word at the end of a line has the same last sound like a word at the end of another line e.g., A lot of modern poetry is not written in rhyme./// (phonetics) The vowel in the middle of a syllable, and any sounds after it in the syllable (*).
· Verse (pronounced vɜːs) = (noun) Writing that is arranged in short lines with a regular rhythm; poetry. (See also below for ‘free verse’ and ‘blank verse’) See https://5thgradepaliteracy.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/1/4/29147567/2872425_orig.jpg and http://tolkiengateway.net/w/images/thumb/7/75/J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Ring_verse.jpg/300px-J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Ring_verse.jpg // e.g., Comic/ light/ satirical verse.// e.g., Shakespeare wrote mostly in verse./// One of the parts that a poem or song is divided into e.g., Each verse was sung as a solo, and then everyone joined in on the chorus./// One of the series of short parts that the writing of a holy book is divided into. For Bible verses See http://www.prayers-for-special-help.com/image-files/famous-bible-verse.jpg and https://www.sharefaith.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Bible-Verses-for-Mothers-Day-Romans-8.jpg For Quran (also known as Qur'an or Koran) verses See https://i.pinimg.com/736x/e7/53/62/e75362d244a8d11216f03c43da080ab1--islamic-teachings-islamic-qoutes.jpg and https://data.whicdn.com/images/83944269/large.jpg e.g., She recited a verse from the Bible/ the Koran (*).
· Free verse (vs) Blank verse
· Free verse = an open form of poetry that does not use consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. Many poems composed in a free verse thus tend to follow the rhythm of natural speech (*****). For free verse poetry See https://image.slidesharecdn.com/differenttyeppesofpoetry1-120308125603-phpapp01/95/different-types-of-poetry-21-728.jpg?cb=1331211989 and https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poetrytypesofpoems-150320144808-conversion-gate01/95/poetry-types-of-poems-15-638.jpg?cb=1426863059 and http://images.slideplayer.com/24/7289327/slides/slide_10.jpg
· Blank verse = poetry written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always in iambic pentameter and has been described as ‘probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the 16th century.’ Paul Fussell has estimated that about 3/4 of all English poetry is in blank verse (*****). For blank verse poetry See https://i.pinimg.com/564x/7f/fb/a3/7ffba3869562777e8330b803f91fc2e6--writing-poetry-creative-writing.jpg and http://slideplayer.com/slide/6175314/18/images/6/Blank+Verse+Poem.jpg
· Shilling (pronounced ˈʃɪlɪŋ) = (noun) a former British coin and monetary unit equal to 1/20 of a pound or 12 pence.// The basic monetary unit in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, equal to 100 cents.// ''Not the full shilling'' = (phrase) (informal) very unintelligent or slow e.g., ‘He is not the full shilling, but a damn good worker.’/// ''Take the King's (or Queen's) shilling'' = (phrase) enlist as a soldier e.g., Not everyone who graduates goes on to take the Queen's shilling.
· Sled (or sledge) = (noun) a vehicle on runners for conveying loads or passengers over snow or ice, often pulled by draught animals e.g., A dog sledge.// A small, lightweight vehicle, either on runners or having a smooth bottom surface, used for sliding downhill over snow or ice. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Uphill_Sleigh_Ride.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Sledge_2.JPG and http://www.zaarourclub.com/ServicesImages/7-CampPicture7-635870813724265174.jpg e.g., Children across New York reached for their sleds yesterday as a dusting of snow transformed much of the county into a winter wonderland.
· Sleigh (pronounced sleɪ) = (noun) a type of sledge (or sled) pulled by animals, especially horses and dogs (*). (My comment: a well-known sleigh dog is Husky breed). For sleigh horses See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBaBHZawjQM and https://static1.squarespace.com/static/512b92dbe4b0c865397646ee/56324f4fe4b00dc2645bca86/56324fbbe4b00dc2645bce4f/1446138611538/LTVA_Winter_053.jpg?format=2500w and https://static1.squarespace.com/static/512b92dbe4b0c865397646ee/56324f4fe4b00dc2645bca86/56324f4fe4b00dc2645bca88/1446137788588/Dashing+red+sleigh+photo+%282%29.jpg?format=2500w For sleigh dogs (Huskies) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgAoz6ex1lc and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d0/54/c4/d054c49b4f0bcb86628e2ebf391510e5.jpg
· Bobsleigh (bobsled in US English) = (noun) a small vehicle with long metal blades under it, built for racing down tracks covered with ice (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/USA_I_in_heat_1_of_2_man_bobsleigh_at_2010_Winter_Olympics_2010-02-20.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/US_Navy_020219-N-3995K-304_Gold_Medal_Women_BobSledders_1.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/USA-1_in_heat_3_of_4_man_bobsleigh_at_2010_Winter_Olympics_2010-02-27.jpg
·Scurry (pronounced ˈskʌr.i in UK English and ˈskɝː.i in UK English) = (noun) (usually irregular verb + adverb/ preposition) e.g., To move quickly, with small, short steps e.g., The mouse scurried across the floor.// e.g., The noise of the explosion sent the villagers scurrying back into their homes (^^).
· Curtsy (or curtsey) (pronounced ˈkəːtsi) = (noun) a woman's or girl's formal greeting made by bending the knees with one foot in front of the other (My comment: it is dated). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LXlTetoJ58 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etiMil0_4Jw and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/26/d4/8f/26d48fe59a0f45b428fc54137568b3c5.jpg and http://pad1.whstatic.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Curtsy-Step-6.jpg/aid220820-v4-728px-Curtsy-Step-6.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHvtJAVx2MI For a curtsy squat See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcD3uQHa-9s and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4LoalHL5is // e.g., She bobbed a curtsy to him./// (verb; no object) Perform a curtsy e.g., His sisters had curtsied to the vicar.
· Scurvy (as an adjective) = (adjective) (archaic) Worthless or contemptible e.g., That was a scurvy trick.// e.g., Newbies from elsewhere, even though they have to learn the scurvy trade from scratch, at least don't have to shed bad journalistic habits.
· Hand (as a verb) = (verb with two objects) Pick something up and give to someone e.g., He handed each man a glass.// e.g., ‘I picked up the red t-shirt off the carpet and handed it to him, watching as he slipped it over his head.’ /// (informal) Make abusive, untrue, or otherwise objectionable remarks to someone e.g., ‘All the yarns (yarn = thread used for making cloth or for knitting) she’d been handing me.’/// Hold the hand of someone in order to help them move in the specified direction e.g., He handed him into a carriage./// Take in or furl (= to fold and roll something such as a flag, sail, or umbrella into a tight tube-shape) a sail e.g., ‘Hand in the main!’
· Incumbent (vs) Recumbent
· Incumbent (pronounced ɪnˈkʌm.bənt) = (adjective) incumbent on/upon = necessary for someone as a duty or responsibility e.g., The government realized that it was incumbent on them to act.// e.g., ‘It's incumbent upon everybody to take responsibility for what is happening in our country.’/// (attributive) (of an official or regime) Currently holding office e.g., The incumbent President was defeated.// e.g., They are also calling on the city executive to stop transferring workers who are aligned with political opponents of incumbent officials.// e.g., The main party associated with the incumbent regime won only about 10% in 2011 and 8% in 2015.// (attributive) (of a company) Having a sizeable share of a market e.g., Powerful incumbent airlines.// e.g., We hear a lot about barriers to entry and how those insuperable walls can be natural protection for incumbent companies./// (noun) The holder of an office or post e.g., We're asking incumbents to vote to change a system that keeps incumbents in office! // e.g., The present incumbent will soon be retiring./// (Christian Church) The holder of an ecclesiastical benefice e.g., The trainee pastor, on loan to the church, because the resident incumbent has gone off his rocker, is so damp behind the ears he doesn't notice when ladies make passes.
· Recumbent (pronounced rɪˈkʌm.bənt) = (My comment as a medic: we commonly use it in medicine as a term for lying) (adjective) (especially of a person or human figure) Lying down. Synonyms: lying, flat, reclining, prone, supine, lying down.// e.g., Recumbent statues.// e.g., In several, the blonde-helmeted, recumbent figure turns as though to meet the viewer's gaze./// (Of a plant) growing close to the ground e.g., Recumbent shrubs.///(noun) A recumbent bicycle e.g., ‘I am no recumbent rider, but this is no ordinary recumbent.’
· Rocker = (noun) one of the two curved pieces of wood under a rocking chair that allows it to move backward and forward.// A rocking chair. For Rocking chair See http://images.landofnod.com/is/image/LandOfNod/Rocker_Classic_Wooden_SQ and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Moravsk%C3%A1_galerie_02_-_Thonet-Mundus_k%C5%99eslo.jpg/1200px-Moravsk%C3%A1_galerie_02_-_Thonet-Mundus_k%C5%99eslo.jpg /// (music) A singer of rock music./// An ageing rocker.// (US English) A rock song or a person who likes rock music./// (Dated) A young person, especially in Britain, in the 1950s, who wore leather clothes, rode a motorcycle and listened to rock and roll./// ''Someone is off their rocker'' = (phrase) (informal) that person is behaving in a very strange or silly way (*).
· Pendulum = (noun) a device consisting of weight on a stick or thread that moves from one side to the other, especially one that forms a part of some types of clocks. For a pendulum clock See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1lHo8lGhWg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpe1z1KIpE0 and https://4.imimg.com/data4/XL/FM/MY-29033873/pendulum-clock-250x250.jpg For a pendulum’s swing See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY19Y9hC3Bm4lUt3tgnH31MO7YaED1sVIdMPwu701biQmoXnh2U2RZ2E5_c9ETyKVFGz9BIsnrN0KCrT9VIq91kxrVRJ0RyH2GstLNHKdtKpu9NJQ9t3OaXj2gURkX91TxCE6q16cynSo/s320/pendulum.png and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVkdfJ9PkRQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhMiuzyU1ag For a pendulum amusement ride See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUGXdQQL1-Y and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJCb8zV28AI // e.g., The pendulum of the grandfather clock swung back and forth./// A change, especially from one opinion to an opposite one e.g., As so often in education, the pendulum has swung back to the other extreme and testing is popular again (*).
· Nipper (pronounced ˈnɪpə) = (noun) (informal) A young child e.g., ‘I was force-fed vegetables as a nipper!’// (usually) ''nippers'' = pliers, pincers, or a similar tool for gripping or cutting. For nippers (tool) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nipper_for_Electronic_Wire_%28Old%29.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nipper_for_Electronic_Wire_%28New%29.png and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=924lIoCkXAU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcKBrGEHRcU and https://na.dmecompany.com/MoreInformation/images/MRO/CuttersTrimmers/PremNipperCutters.jpg e.g., ‘Using a pair of nippers you can chip away at the tiles.’/// (usually) ''nippers'' = the grasping claw of a crab or lobster. See https://www.kathryncallaghan.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Lobster_Kathryn_Callaghan_fine_art.jpg and https://www.coolthings.com.au/sites/default/files/imagecache/product_full/luxe-lie-on-float-lobster-nippers.jpg and https://us.123rf.com/450wm/champiofoto/champiofoto1311/champiofoto131100169/24018687-nippers.jpg?ver=6 // e.g., In others, they are intermediate in size and appear to function as pincers or nippers, as in other groups of mammals./// An insect or other creature that nips or bites e.g., Mosquitoes must be some of the most voracious nippers ever created./// (Australian English) (also known as yabby) A burrowing marine prawn used as fishing bait. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/NippersBeforeSwim.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/NippersBoards.jpg and http://australianprawns.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/05-Farmed-Tiger_0681.jpg /// (Australian English) A junior lifeguard. See http://www.lornesurfclub.com.au/Image/Nippers/Nippers1213-Small.jpg
· Pliers = (noun) a small tool with two handles for holding or pulling small things like nails, or for cutting wires. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIWvbLjEHMo and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ2lShP1N-A and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1PseZ3pRvw and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tool-pliers.jpg/1200px-Tool-pliers.jpg For tongue and groove pliers See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-WqyJmm2Pc and http://www.homedepot.com/catalog/productImages/1000/79/79fa0246-8cd4-43b4-8898-1e3a599fe4eb_1000.jpg For nail pliers See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1C3J6wr-eM and https://img.banggood.com/images/oaupload/banggood/images/8D/1D/810462a4-2684-4c74-83a5-a72779c17252.jpg and https://i.ytimg.com/vi/L1C3J6wr-eM/maxresdefault.jpg // e.g., ''Pass me that pair of pliers, please'' (*).
· Pincers = (noun) one of a pair of curved claws of an animal such as a crab. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORvudYiMn1Y and http://clapsforcrabs.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/0/1/14010418/8745429.jpg?233 and https://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-live-crab-with-raised-pincer-isolation-47626012.jpg // ''Pincers'' = (plural noun) a tool for holding or pulling something, made of two curved metal bars that move against each other so that when the handles are pushed together, the other ends close tightly (*). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Pincers.jpg For jaw pincers See https://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-live-crab-with-raised-pincer-isolation-47626012.jpg and http://www.diyupholsterysupply.com/mm5/graphics/00000001/pincersflushcut93large.jpg and https://ff3d8e6495061f28a832-a7869bbdcfcea96a643a5d6aa79482f7.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/enlarged/12-0073_alt2.jpg
· Voracious (pronounced vəˈreɪ.ʃəs) = (adjective) Wanting or devouring great quantities of food e.g., A voracious appetite.// e.g., The combination of brisk weather and glacier hikes (= long walks) can stir a voracious appetite, and Argentina is a country of culinary delights./// Engaging in an activity with great eagerness or enthusiasm e.g., He is a voracious reader.// e.g., ‘I am enormously impressed by the warm welcome you gave me, and by all your questions and your voracious enthusiasm.
· Draper (pronounced ˈdreɪ.pər) = (noun) (UK English) (dated) A person who sells textile fabrics.// e.g., As a young man, he was employed in a draper's shop.
· Drape (pronounced dreɪp) = (verb) drape something across, on, over etc. = to put something such as cloth or a piece of clothing loosely over something.// For drape dresses See http://www.polyvore.com/cgi/img-thing?.out=jpg&size=l&tid=56812781 and http://40plusstyle.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/bestdrapedresses.jpg // e.g., He draped his jacket over the back of the chair and sat down to eat.// e.g., She draped the scarf around her shoulders./// Be draped in/with something = to be loosely covered with a cloth e.g., The coffins were all draped with the national flag./// (noun) The way in which cloth folds or hangs as it covers something e.g., She liked the heavy drape of the velvet./// Drapes (or Draperies (US English)) = heavy curtains made with thick cloth (*). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Theatre_Stage_Albert_Hall_looking_stage_left_showing_theatre_curtains_%282016%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/RSLB_Schlafzimmer_Koenigin_Charlotte_Mathilde.jpg and http://www.deltaangelgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/curtains-drapes.jpg and http://tweetyourtrip.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/discount-curtains-and-drapes-cheap-curtain-panels-under-10-elegant-cheap-curtains-and-drapes-in-white.jpg
· Measly (pronounced ˈmiːz.li) = (informal) (adjective) Ridiculously small or few e.g., Three measly votes.// e.g., Unfortunately, instead of a partnership the brothers offer Steven a measly $30 raise.// A measly little present (^^^ for the last example).
· Contempt = (noun) a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something e.g., At school, she had complete contempt for all her teachers.// e.g., You should treat those remarks with the contempt that they deserve.// e.g., ‘She is beneath contempt!’ (= I have no respect for her).// e.g., She looked at him with undisguised contempt.// e.g., He rewarded their kindness with hostility and contempt./// To hold somebody/ something in contempt = to feel contempt for someone or something./// (noun) (specialized) Contempt of court = (law) behavior that is illegal because it does not obey or respect the rules of a law court e.g., The tobacco companies may be guilty of contempt of court for refusing to produce the documents (*).
· Contemptible = (adjective) Deserving contempt; despicable e.g., A display of contemptible cowardice.// e.g., This does not rate a reply; it is so contemptible.// e.g., The practice of screaming ‘racist’ at those who disagree with you is contemptible.
· Contemptuous (pronounced kənˈtemp.tʃu.əs) = (adjective) Showing contempt; scornful e.g., She was intolerant and contemptuous of the majority of the human race.// e.g., He was contemptuous of me for reminding him about reading the instructions - he didn't see the relevance.
· Scorn = (mass noun) A feeling and expression of contempt or disdain for someone or something e.g., ‘I do not wish to become the object of scorn.’// e.g., While the commercial provided exposure, it drew the scorn of genuine punkers./// (verb with object) Feel or express contempt or disdain for; e.g., The minister scorned Labor’s attempt to woo voters.// e.g., The Russian president scorns up claims over the US president’s ties with Russia (from the media).// e.g., The first five were friends from school teasing him in fun or scorning him with contempt./// Reject something contemptuously e.g., A letter scorning his offer of intimacy.// e.g., ‘When I got there, I fell in love with the town that I had once scorned.’// (verb; no object, with infinitive) Refuse to do something because one is too proud e.g., At her lowest ebb, she would have scorned to stoop to such tactics.// e.g., As time went on new rules were drafted, pitches were developed, the games began to draw the attention of people who at one time would have scorned to be associated with them./// ''Pour scorn on'' = (phrase) speak with contempt or mockery of e.g., He poured scorn on the Conservatives' pre-election assurances.
· Disdain = (mass noun) The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect e.g., His upper lip curled in disdain.// e.g., An aristocratic disdain for manual labor./// (verb with object) Consider to be unworthy of one's consideration e.g., He disdained his patients as an inferior rabble./// Refuse to do something from feelings of pride or superiority e.g., She remained standing, pointedly disdaining his invitation to sit down./// (with infinitive) e.g., She disdained to discuss the matter further.
· Rabble (vs) Rubble
· Rabble (not to be confused with ‘rubble’) = (noun) A disorderly crowd; a mob. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdSH0l9NMek and http://outragedcrowd.com/rabble.jpg and http://clotheslineblog.com/files/images/Rabble%20assembles.preview.jpg // e.g., He was met by a rabble of noisy, angry youths.
· Rubble (not to be confused with ‘rabble’) = (noun) Waste or broken fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the demolition of buildings. Synonyms = debris, ruins, wreckage. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSBDRX8yKao and https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/dirt-rubble-449501.jpg and http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/08/24/16/37897E6D00000578-3755722-Unimaginable_An_elderly_man_in_a_tracksuit_walks_on_the_rubble_o-a-19_1472054384831.jpg // e.g., Two buildings collapsed, trapping scores of people in the rubble.
· Debris (pronounced ˈdeb.riː or ˈdeɪ.briː // pronounced dəˈbriː in US English) = (noun) Scattered fragments, typically of something wrecked or destroyed. For plane crash debris See http://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/151101114659-02-russia-plane-crash-1101-super-169.jpg and http://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/151102105746-russia-plane-crash-debris-full-169.jpg and https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1333D/production/_86435687_86435685.jpg // e.g., The bomb hits it, showering debris from all sides.
· Cowardice (pronounced ˈkaʊədɪs) = (mass noun) Lack of bravery e.g., ‘My cowardice got the better of me and I crept out of the room.’// e.g., His 10th-hour decision not to hold an election led to accusations of cowardice./// (rare) (countable noun) A group of mongrels (see below) or feral dogs.
· Mongrel (mutt in US English) = (noun) a dog whose parents are of different breeds e.g., A lovable mongrel puppy./// (adjective) Used to describe something of mixed origin e.g., Some people call English a mongrel language because it is a mixture of old German and French (*).
· Pesky = (adjective) (US English) (informal) Causing trouble; annoying e.g., A pesky younger brother.// e.g., It turns out that mosquitoes are a pesky problem on his island in the South Pacific.// e.g., George needs to get rid of these pesky aphids, and he needs the money to buy insecticide.
· Aphid (pronounced ˈeɪ.fɪd) = (noun) A minute bug that feeds by sucking sap from plants. It reproduces rapidly, often producing live young without mating, and may live in large colonies that cause extensive damage to crops. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Aphid-giving-birth.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Acyrthosiphon_pisum_%28pea_aphid%29-PLoS.jpg // e.g., The gardener's friend, the busy little ladybird helps by eating aphids and greenfly.
· Ladybird (or ladybug in US English) = (noun) a small, red beetle that is round and has black spots (^^). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Coccinella_magnifica01.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Ladybird_coccinella_septempunctata.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Coccinellidae_%28Ladybug%29_Anatomy.svg
· Wicker = (mass noun) Pliable twigs, typically of willow, plaited or woven to make items such as furniture and baskets. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gMwDlekjNU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrEvM2Ru1c and http://www.pier1.com/static/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-pier1_shared/default/dw7dd0a3a7/be-inspired/editorial/wicker161031/161031-wicker-making-dt.jpg and https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/10/15/12/28/wicker-61254_960_720.jpg and http://images.pier1.com/dis/dw/image/v2/AAID_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-pier1_master/default/dwb63de907/images/2995437/2995437_1.jpg?sw=1600&sh=1600 // (as modifier) e.g., A wicker chair./// Wickerwork = (mass noun) Wicker e.g., Chairs are woven wickerwork, though there are some padded alcove booths along the sides as well./// Furniture or other items made of wicker.
· Alcove (pronounced ˈæl.kəʊv) = (noun) A recess in the wall of a room or garden. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Interior_of_the_Villa_Ephrussi_de_Rothschild_-_DSC04555.JPG and https://www.nps.gov/band/planyourvisit/images/alcove-house-lightened-b-2.jpg and http://www.furnishburnish.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Alcove-in-the-Living-Room.jpg For alcove beds See http://enpundit.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cool-alcove-beds-21.jpg and http://cdn.homedit.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/traditional-alcove-kids-bed.jpg and https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0114/2302/files/cool-alcove-bed-1-500x333.jpg?13930 // For garden alcove See http://www.beautiful-views.net/views/alcove-plants-garden.jpg and https://img2.cgtrader.com/items/34707/0947c2cfde/wooden-garden-alcove-3d-model.jpg and https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/landscape-design-garden-alcove-d-render-natural-character-site-integrated-natural-environment-59123790.jpg // e.g., Looking around the room again, he discovered an alcove in the wall next to the table.
· Booth = (noun) A small temporary tent or structure at a market, fair, or exhibition, used for selling goods, providing information, or staging shows. For an exhibition booth (or stand) See http://www.triumfo.de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Exhibition-Booth-blog.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/18/f4/99/18f499de8bfed4ea6e94954e9e5568b3--exhibition-ideas-exhibition-booth.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/fc/0f/3d/fc0f3d8f0566ca19a97a2ccaa9a8e63e.jpg For a market booth See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GgLM4tZX0Y and http://marketingforhippies.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Photo-Aug-02-8-06-02-AM-e1429652157498-500x480.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8a/1e/a5/8a1ea58b1c4dc3622b4803714eb49934.jpg For fair booth See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwGbbsaAn1Q and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/5c/fe/09/5cfe09d978866132b0913e9c7fd98a5c.jpg and http://minnesotahoneyproducers.org/sites/Images/2015/State%20Fair/BeeHivePhotos/IMG_20150827_092439_166.jpg /// An enclosed compartment that allows privacy, for example when telephoning, voting, or sitting in a restaurant. For a phone booth (the classic British red phone booth) See https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/london-phone-booth-rhianna-lederman.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/PT-Phone_Booth.jpg For dining booth See https://st.hzcdn.com/simgs/8521d78f0164adb5_4-2568/eclectic.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/originals/41/d1/11/41d11110b5d3786a2edd816f2b41ede9.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/15/84/2e15844662866ea85b0cfa5f9be7796d--kitchen-booths-kitchen-seating.jpg
· Maiden = (noun) (archaic) An unmarried girl or young woman e.g., Two knights fought to win the hand of a fair maiden./// A virgin e.g., Maidens and bachelors who want husbands and wives can dance for their mates./// (Cricket) An over in which no runs are scored./// (attributive) (adjective) (of an older woman) unmarried e.g., A maiden aunt./// (of a female animal) not having mated e.g., The top-priced maiden heifer./// (attributive) Being or involving the first attempt or act of its kind e.g., The Titanic's maiden voyage./// Denoting a horse that has never won a race, or a race intended for such horses e.g., The Beckhampton Maiden Stakes./// (Of a tree or other fruiting plant) in its first year of growth./// Maiden name = The original surname of a married woman who uses her husband's surname name after marriage e.g., Many women choose to work under their maiden name.
· Damsel (pronounced ˈdamz(ə)) = (noun) (literary)(archaic) A young unmarried woman e.g., They really enjoyed becoming knights on horseback and medieval damsels./// ''Damsel in distress'' = (phrase) (humorous) A young woman in trouble e.g., ‘She makes a rather sweet damsel in distress!’
· Plait (pronounced plat) = (noun) (UK English) A single length of hair, straw, rope, or other material made up of three or more interlaced strands. For plait hairstyle (also known as braid or French/ Dutch/ crown braid) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Classic_French_Braid_%282%29.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/T%C3%A9wodros_II_-_2.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkUo6JQud_o and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tz66hvC4v4 and https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/hphotos-xap1/t51.2885-15/e15/10881867_1417219045261937_1371051578_n.jpg and https://hairstraightenerbeauty.com/wp-content/gallery/plait-hairstyles/Laura-Bailey%E2%80%99s-plait-hairstyle.jpg?i=1395598259 For plait rope See http://www.stonkknots.co.uk/images/lightpull_crownplatt_on_blue.jpg and https://www.dinghy-rope.co.uk/images/detailed/0/5mm-8-plait-pre-stretched-rope.jpg?t=1423117255 For a straw plait See http://www.clophillhistory.mooncarrot.org.uk/images/7strawL.jpg and http://www.mooncarrot.org.uk/mobile/pics/plait.jpg and http://thestrawplaiters.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Straw-Plait-made-at-Breachwood-Green-in-18951.png // e.g., She wore her dark hair in plaits./// (verb with object) Form (hair, straw, rope, or other material) into a plait or plaits e.g., Her hair had been plaited and coiled at the back of her head./// Make something by forming material into a plait or plaits e.g., A basket plaited from strips of flax.
· Tress (usually tresses (pronounced ˈtres.ɪz)) (or braid) = (noun) a long lock of a woman's hair. See http://adjocom.com/img/cms/DICTIONNAIRE-COIFFURE/C/CORNROWS/cornrows-tresses-couchees-collees-3.jpg and http://www.foliver.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/19-shaurenza.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56oshOUL1R0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLivp0FAeig and https://www.sharecg.com/images/medium/9977.jpg and https://silk-tresses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IMG_5652-1-270x340.jpg // e.g., Her golden tresses tumbled about her face.
· Perch = (verb) to sit on or near the edge of something.// For perch sit stand stool See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmsSUB4ziko and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYfGG_iDuZs and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/d1/d9/4c/d1d94c833b0a1f2c3cf1303acb63d22b--perching-stool-tremor.jpg and https://radiusofficefurniture.ie/wp-content/uploads/Varier-Move-Sit-Stand-Stool-with-user.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/a3/2b/1d/a32b1d4df56201a63a446edcaa44167d.jpg For perching on bar stools see http://img.archiexpo.com/images_ae/photo-g/9859-3999123.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNwTQnxWVzg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/The_Bistro_at_the_Cliff_House.JPG // e.g., We perched on bar stools and had a beer.// e.g., A blackbird was perching on the gate./// (transitive or intransitive verb) To be in a high position or a position near the edge of something, or to put something in this position e.g., The village is perched on top of a high hill./// (Noun) A fish that lives in lakes and rivers and is eaten as food. For yellow perch See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/YellowPerch.jpg and http://www.maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/images/yellowperch.jpg and http://www.maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/images/yellowperch.jpg /// (noun) A place where birds sit, especially a thin rod in a cage (= wire box). For a bird perch See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bslt4Fe8Rnw and http://www.drsfostersmith.com/images/categoryimages/highdef/CC-84700-FS69237K_003-bird-perch.jpg and http://d3so8ydeu5zkl7.cloudfront.net/cdn/402840/media/catalog/product/t/h/thermo-perch-1.jpg and http://petdiys.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/CD-Spindle-Case-Bird-Perch.jpg /// A seat or other place high up, often giving a good view of something below e.g., We watched the parade from our perch on the scaffolding (*).
· Stool = (noun) a seat without any support for the back or arms. For a bar stool (= a tall stool for customers at a bar to sit on) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Barhocker_fcm.jpg/1200px-Barhocker_fcm.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Modern_bar_stools.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/The_Bistro_at_the_Cliff_House.JPG For kitchen stool See https://ak1.ostkcdn.com/images/products/4302142/P12280142.jpg and http://sleeproom.assets.d3r.com/images/product_800/1766927-bumble-kitchen-stools.jpg For piano stool See https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-XG8AwEzANM8/UD9PD4m2eJI/AAAAAAAADaM/sG2HOkIUAHU/s746/IMG_8327.JPG and http://www.thepianostool.co.uk/piano-stool-images/piano1.jpg // e.g., A bar/ kitchen / piano stool.// e.g., A three-legged stool./// (medicine) A piece of solid waste from the body (= a piece of feces) e.g., ‘I told the doctor my father had been passing bloody stools’ (*) (My comment as a medic: this usually indicates bleeding from a peptic (in the stomach or duodenum) ulcer where stools are dark black, tarry, from ingested blood, called melena, or it may be bloody when the condition is acute with severe bleeding. When feces are bloody, this may indicate bleeding from the intestines).
· Sole (as a fish) = (noun) one of a number of flat, round fish that are eaten as food. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Solea_solea_%28leucistic%29.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lined_sole.jpg/250px-Lined_sole.jpg and for Dover sole See https://www.msc.org/multimedia/images/certified-species/sole-dover-common and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Solea_solea_1.jpg // e.g., Lemon sole.// e.g., Dover sole (*).
· Obliterate = (verb with object) Destroy utterly; wipe out e.g., The memory was so painful that he obliterated it from his mind.// e.g., ‘I want to strike back, pulverize, kill, obliterate anyone who has caused this harm to my city.’//// Make invisible or indistinct; conceal or cover e.g., Clouds were darkening, obliterating the sun.// e.g., The skies darkened and the heavens (= the sky) opened obliterating any view./// Cancel something, especially a postage stamp to prevent further use e.g., The special stamp should be placed on the left-hand side and not be used to obliterate the postage stamp.
· Pulverize (or pulverise in UK English) (pronounced ˈpʌl.vər.aɪz) = (verb with object) Reduce to fine particles e.g., His right hand pulverized the pills into a powder while his left hand returned to the slit in the mattress.// e.g., The force was almost wiped out when an errant 2,000-pound bomb pulverized a section of the massive fortress wail.// e.g., The brick of the villages was pulverized by the bombardment./// (UK English) (informal) Defeat utterly e.g., He had a winning car and pulverized the opposition.
· Err = (verb; no object)(formal) Be mistaken or incorrect; make a mistake e.g., The judge had erred in ruling that the evidence was inadmissible.// e.g., Again Raymond appeared to have erred in giving the free kick the other way./// (often as adjective erring) = sin; do wrong e.g., The erring brother who had wrecked his life.// e.g., Our Chief Minister must initiate bold disciplinary measures against erring individuals.
· Errant = (formal, humorous) Erring or straying from the accepted course or standards e.g., An errant husband coming back from a night on the tiles.// e.g., His mother, it transpired, had not approved of her husband's errant cousin either./// Not in the right place; having moved from the correct position or course e.g., An errant strand of hair.// e.g., Fear of being hit by an errant bullet./// (Zoology) (of a polychaete worm) of a predatory kind that moves about actively and is not confined to a tube or burrow. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8xuD6T-Dlc and http://slideplayer.com/slide/4891514/16/images/19/Representative+Errant+Polychaetes.jpg
· Tweak (not to be confused with ‘tweek’ (slang) – mentioned below) = (transitive verb) To pull and twist something with a small sudden movement. For ear tweaking See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hln9YdZKHYI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ijSvBs5Swc // e.g., Standing in front of the mirror she tweaked a strand of hair into place./// To change something slightly, especially in order to make it correct, effective, or suitable e.g., The software is pretty much there – it just needs a little tweaking.// e.g., ‘You just need to tweak the last paragraph and then it’s done’ (^^).// e.g., Engineers tweak the car's operating systems during the race./// (usually as) tweak out = (informal) (US English) become or cause to become agitated or excited, typically from taking amphetamines or another stimulant. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qhng0fP8ZZ8 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXO5he9Q0MU // (verb; no object) e.g., ''I just about went crazy yesterday—I was totally tweaking out''!/// (verb with object) e.g., ‘Caffeine is a natural mood elevator but if you're stressed, to begin with it can kind of tweak you out!’/// (noun) A sharp twist or pull e.g., An affectionate tweak.// e.g., He gave the boy’s nose a tweak (^^^ for this example)./// (informal) A fine adjustment to a mechanism or system e.g., No tweaks were required.
· Tweek = (slang) (urban English) A side effect of extreme over indulgence in crystal meth or crack cocaine. Tweekers typically perform OCD-like activities centered around finding small quantities of drugs that were inadvertently ‘misplaced.’/// Losing oneself in a senseless task while under the influence of speed e.g., She would tweek all night cleaning the house and pulling apart electronic devices./// To adjust or fix e.g., ‘Let me just tweek your computer’ (#).
· Quartz (pronounced ˈkwɔːts) = (mass noun) A hard mineral consisting of silica, found widely in igneous and metamorphic rocks and typically occurring as colorless or white hexagonal prisms. It is often colored by impurities as in amethyst, citrine, and cairngorm. See http://geology.com/minerals/photos/quartz-conchoidal-482.jpg and http://geology.com/minerals/photos/quartz-chert-504.jpg (My comment: quartz crystals are contained in ultrasound devices used in medicine and archeology. ‘Quartz heaters’ are not related to quartz particles, but they use infrared heating).
· Igneous (pronounced ˈɪɡ.ni.əs)= (adjective) (of rock) (magmatic rock) Having solidified from lava or magma. For igneous rock See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/IndianGranite.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Basalt_36mw1041.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Volcano_q.jpg and http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/quartz-diorite.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Igneous_rock_eng_text.jpg/300px-Igneous_rock_eng_text.jpg
· Slog = (informal) (verb; no object) Work hard over a period of time e.g., They were slogging away to meet a deadline./// (with adverbial of direction) Walk or move with difficulty or effort. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc_z_XBJxkA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0a4V6qcrV4 // e.g., ‘I slogged through the heather in the heat.’/// (verb with object) Hit someone or something forcefully and typically wildly, especially in boxing or cricket. For slog in boxing See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2R40MAN3tw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9HUjvb45FI For slog sweep shot (cricket) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfmNkQfkmpQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HdJxcD7F1w // e.g., Batsmen careering down the pitch to slog the ball up in the air.// e.g., Nick slogged his way through the next two to clinch a third-round berth against Scotland's Chris Small.// e.g., As was their usual practice after the run the team did a set of ten ‘striders’ or short one hundred meter bursts leading up to faster than race pace and then slogged their way through a final mile and half cool down./// (noun) (informal) (usually in singular) A spell of difficult, tiring work or traveling e.g., It would be a hard slog back to the camp./// (mass noun) e.g., It wasn't all slog during those years./// A powerful and uncontrolled hit, especially in cricket e.g., A slog hit the fielder on the helmet.
· Clinch = (my comment: it is not irregular – not to be confused with ‘cling,’ although they may have similar meanings when related to 2 people holding each other when in love or fighting) = (transitive verb) (informal) to finally get or win something e.g., ‘I hear he finally clinched the deal to buy the land he wanted.’/// Clinch it = (verb) To make someone decide what to do after a lot of thought or discussion e.g., When they said the job would involve traveling to London, that clinched it (for him) (= that made him certain that he wanted the job). /// (noun) The position 2 people are in when they are holding each other tightly in their arms when fighting or showing love. For clinch in boxing See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faO4EeBOjkc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnQoVZdPq_Y and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cf04H9Axubw
· Berth = (noun) a bed in a boat, train, etc., or a place for a ship or boat to stay in a port. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Messdeck_Accommodation_MOD_45154791.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Bed_berth.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_bunks.jpg // e.g., He booked a berth on the ferry from Palermo to Naples./// (verb) If a ship or boat berths or if you berth it somewhere, it is tied up and stays in that place e.g., The ship berthed at Portsmouth (^^).
· Commute (pronounced kəˈmjuːt) = (verb) Travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis e.g., He commuted from Westport to Grand Central Station./// (Law) Reduce a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death, to one less severe e.g., The governor recently commuted the sentences of dozens of women convicted of killing their husbands./// (noun) A regular journey of some distance to and from one's place of work e.g., The second is the transport revolution that has made the distance that people can cover in their daily commute greater by the decade.
· Commuter = (noun) a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis e.g., A fault on the line caused widespread delays for commuters.// e.g., I have to learn from the thousands of commuters who travel a long way to work every day./// Commuter rail (or suburban rail) = a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates between a city center, and the middle to outer suburbs beyond 15 km (10 miles) and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of commuters—people who travel on a daily basis. (*****). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyWRWdWyOD0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gv_md8GAxCY and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg/220px-AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg
· Slat (vs) Slate
· Slat = (noun) a thin, narrow piece of wood, plastic, or metal, especially one of a series which overlap or fit into each other, as in a fence or a Venetian blind. Synonym = plank.// For a Venetian blind with horizontal slats See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Jalousie-1.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/VenetianBlindAiyaz.jpg // e.g., Sunlight filtered dustily through the slats of the door.// e.g., One step forward and he realized she was balancing on a slat of wood.// e.g., Overlapping slat design allows soft, indirect light to filter in.
· Slate = (mass noun) A fine-grained grey, green, or bluish-purple metamorphic rock easily split into smooth, flat plates. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/SlateUSGOV.jpg and http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/gallerix/albums/23/1076/original/slate3.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/30/38/84/303884c0c8409a4b5ff6c0c399664749.jpg For slate floor See https://www.homeadvisor.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Slate-Flooring.jpg and http://setinstonerestoration.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SIS-Slate-floor-650x400.jpg // (as modifier) e.g., Slate quarries.// e.g., A slate floor./// A flat plate of slate used as roofing material. For a slate roof See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/St.leonhard-ffm002.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/St_Fagans_Tannery_7.jpg and http://www.traditionalroofing.com/Images/Staggered_Butt_01.jpg and http://www.homeadvisor.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/slate-roofing-e1462395271426.jpg and http://www.nvroofs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Slate-Roof-Slate-Roof-Tiles%E2%80%93-Advantages-and-Disadvantages.jpg // e.g., A loose slate falls from the roof.// (as modifier) e.g., A grey slate roof./// A flat plate of slate formerly used for writing on in schools. See http://www.thehindu.com/migration_catalog/article10986652.ece/alternates/FREE_660/MAMP27SLATEPHOTO and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/6e/fc/53/6efc53aaa89208964f73df60a05f8127.jpg and http://www.1900s.org.uk/life-times-images/slate.jpg // e.g., The teacher was demonstrating, the children copying on to slates./// (UK English) A record of a person's debit or credit in pubs and shops formerly written on a slate e.g., ''Four quid (= pounds),'' said the barman. ''Put it on my slate,''I suggested./// A small portable computer that accepts input directly on to its screen rather than via a keyboard or mouse; a tablet computer e.g., After getting our hands on one this afternoon, we found that it’s a solid, well-performing slate that’s easy on the eyes./// (mass noun, usually as modifier) A bluish-grey color e.g., Suits of slate grey./// A list of candidates for election to a post or office, typically a group sharing a set of political views e.g., Candidates on the left's slate won 65% of constituency votes./// (US English) A range of something on offer e.g., The company has revealed details of a $70m slate of film productions./// (also known as clapperboard) A board showing the identifying details of a take in a film, held in front of the camera at the beginning and end of the take. For film slate See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Clapperboardinuse.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/2009-06-23-flemming-by-RalfR-20.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Clapperboard%2C_O2_film%2C_September_2008.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd7BPX8oEeE and http://cdn5.theblackandblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/deciphering_film_slate_2_secrets.jpg and http://cdn5.theblackandblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/decipher-film-slate-mos1.jpg //e.g., The electronic time-code system allowed us to shoot with or without conventional slates./// (verb with object) Cover something, especially a roof with slates e.g., He was working for his father slating a new roof.// e.g., A slated roof./// (informal) (UK English) Criticize severely e.g., His work was slated by the critics./// (US English) Schedule; plan e.g., London shows are slated for late May.// (with infinitive) e.g., Construction is slated to begin late next year./// Nominate someone as a candidate for an office or post e.g., ‘I understand that I am being slated for promotion.’/// Identify a take in a film using a slate e.g., The assistant cameraman is about to slate the scene.
· On offer = available to be bought or used e.g., We were amazed at the range of products on offer.
· Mogul (pronounced məʊɡ(ə)) = (noun) (informal) An important or powerful person, especially in the film or media industry e.g., The Hollywood movie mogul, Sam Goldwyn.// e.g., Hip-hop artists have now morphed into businesspeople (a politically correct gender unbiased term that is better than ‘businessmen’) and media moguls./// A steam locomotive of 2-6-0-wheel arrangement. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Palmerston_Mogul_Locomotive_2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/SRC_89_19930000_PA_Strasburg.jpg/1200px-SRC_89_19930000_PA_Strasburg.jpg /// (noun) A bump on a ski slope formed by skiers turning. See https://www.snowskool.com/uploads/images/Fast_line4.jpg and http://www.skileb.com/multimedia/image/tips/MogulsSkiingTips_p1.jpg // (as modifier) e.g., A mogul field./// (also Moghul or Mughal) A member of the Muslim dynasty of Mongol origin founded by the successors of Tamerlane, which ruled much of India from the 16th to the 19th century.// (as a modifier) e.g., Mogul architecture.
· Locomotive (pronounced ˌləʊ.kəˈməʊ.tɪv) = (adjective) Of, relating to, or affecting locomotion e.g., Locomotive power./// (noun) A powered rail vehicle used for pulling trains. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BN_3157_IL_Eola.jpg/419px-BN_3157_IL_Eola.jpg and https://www.cit.com/uploadedImages/citcom/images/Financing_Solutions_Images/Locomotive_Fleet/locomotive-ac4400cw_532x342(1).jpg?n=6820 // e.g., A diesel locomotive.
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· Allegiance (pronounced ə ˈliː.dʒəns) = (mass noun) Loyalty or commitment to a superior or a group or cause e.g., Those wishing to receive citizenship must swear allegiance to the republic.// e.g., The Guardian (newspaper) has clearly decided to switch allegiance to the Conservatives.// (countable noun) e.g., A complex pattern of cross-party allegiances.// e.g., ‘You have seen duty and allegiance in the determined faces of our soldiers.’
· Reprobate = (noun) an unprincipled person e.g., He had to present himself as more of a lovable reprobate than a spirit of corruption.// e.g., They're all hypocrites, liars, and reprobates.// e.g., ‘I would tell you to bring her along, but the reprobates aren't fond of kids.’ /// (archaic) (in Calvinism) A sinner who is not of the elect and is predestined to damnation./// (adjective) Unprincipled e.g., Reprobate behavior.// e.g., He almost becomes one of the family, cheerfully going out gambling with her dopey, reprobate nephew.
· Dopey = (adjective) (dopier – dopiest) wanting to sleep, because or as if you have taken a drug e.g., He’d taken a sleeping tablet the night before and still felt dopey (^^).
· Prowl = (verb) (of a person or animal) move about restlessly and stealthily, especially in search of prey. For lions prowling See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1coz7oz364 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99BlfI87Slk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wppfFFuT4Ds and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY8yziIWiO8 // e.g., Lions prowling in the bush./// (verb with object) e.g., Youngsters were prowling the streets in droves.// e.g., Initially, the bears come prowling in search of roots, forbs, and berries in the moist riverine bottoms./// (noun) An act of prowling e.g., ‘I met her once on one of my off-duty bookshop prowls.’// e.g., He sleeps curled up in dark corners, and his movements consist largely of prowls and leaps./// ''On the prowl'' = (phrase) prowling around in search of prey e.g., There is a serial killer on the prowl!
· Drove = (irregular verb) past of drive.// (noun) A herd or flock of animals being driven in a body. For a drove of cattle See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxEdrfj-sXD63Jq5bkTQ7xoCNTGR_ekd7Kn9Fqxg95wxbXEi4wdinQKWbvkzIDgkcWWUW2lr86XJVAY99unOX8CSj9cd2WB87QxA5T07jYyY_9aLSJQrjdWZlS2tshpsq3wLqN2uk5G_iq/s1600/cattle-1.jpg and https://www.brosher.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/20110717-CFDCattleDrive0889-jb.jpg // e.g., A drove of cattle./// A large number of people or things doing or undergoing the same thing e.g., Tourists have stayed away in droves this summer./// (verb with object) (historical) Drive livestock, especially cattle, to market e.g., These three men discovered the coal on the Dulkaninna Creek while droving cattle./// Droving = the practice of moving livestock over long distances by walking them ‘on the hoof.’ Droving stock to market, usually on foot and often with the aid of dogs, has a very long history in the Old World. There has been droving since cities found it necessary to source food from distant supplies (***** for droving). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Walter_Withers_-_The_Drover%2C_1912.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Almabtrieb_der_Schafe_2014_in_Schoppernau_04.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/2%2C600_sheep_on_the_road%2C_Waioeka_Gorge%2C_after_a_60_mile_drive_%283308575250%29.jpg
· Forb = (noun) (Botany) A herbaceous flowering plant other than a grass. See https://cals.arizona.edu/yavapaiplants/Forbs/Thumbnails/Monarda_fistulosa_SuFl_071110_H13.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Asclepiascommon.JPG/200px-Asclepiascommon.JPG For the Definition See http://www.sonoma.edu/cei/prairie/prairie_desc/images/forb.jpg
· Fob = (noun) A chain attached to a watch for carrying in a waistcoat or waistband pocket. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/MontreGousset001.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gold_Chaika_Pocket_Watch_made_in_the_USSR.jpg and https://dyn0.media.forbiddenplanet.com/products/19377700.jpg.square-true_maxheight-285_size-285.jpg and https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/50/100450-004-161F5C81.jpg // e.g., A fob watch.// e.g., In New York in 1890, the latest pocket watch and fob chain could carry seals the wearer could use to demonstrate their place in society./// A piece of leather or other material to which a group of keys is fastened. For key fob See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Keyfob.JPG and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JarvxKxVBF0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsFEz67KXiM and https://www.parallax.com/sites/default/files/styles/full-size-product/public/28161.png?itok=cbsBHXtw and https://www.markandgraham.com/mgimgs/ab/images/dp/wcm/201715/0003/piazza-leather-personalized-key-fob-c.jpg // e.g., A key fob /// Fob pocket (usually called simply ‘pocket’) = a bag-like or envelope-like receptacle either fastened to or inserted in an article of clothing to hold small items. Pockets are also attached to luggage, backpacks and similar items. In older usage, a pocket was a separate small bag or pouch (***** for this definition). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Jeans_pocket_back.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Tailored_flap_pocket_with_labels.JPG /// Fob somebody off/ Fob something off on somebody = (phrasal verb) Deceitfully attempt to satisfy someone by making excuses or giving them something inferior e.g., Secretaries fob off most unwanted callers by saying their boss is in a meeting.// e.g., ‘Well, he wants the report ready by tomorrow, but I can’t always fob him off with some excuse’ (^^^ for this example)./// (Abbreviation) Free on board.
· Guild (or gild) (pronounced ɡɪld) = (noun) a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power e.g., Local homeowners organized Arts and Crafts guilds for the production of furniture, pottery, metal, and leatherwork for their own homes./// An association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal e.g., ‘If I were to be represented within a labor organization, I would need to be in a tech guild, not a tech union’./// (Ecology) A group of species that have similar requirements and play a similar role within a community.
· Alehouse (pronounced ˈeɪlhaʊs)= (noun) (dated) An inn or public house. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Fx_Y5RC84 and https://i2.wp.com/mcsorleysoldalehouse.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Bryan-Thatcher_BRT0392.jpg?fit=600%2C400&ssl=1 and https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/06/0d/a4/1e/ale-house-inside-patio.jpg // e.g., It will be a traditional alehouse, selling our full range of beers plus lagers, Guinness and so on.
· Inn = (noun) (usually in names) A pub, typically one in the country, in some cases providing accommodation. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_oWg9L9B0Q and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Roadside-inn-American-scenery.jpeg/1200px-Roadside-inn-American-scenery.jpeg and http://www.victory-inn.co.uk/sites/default/files/styles/flexslider_full/public/victory-inn_cornwall.jpg?itok=vUDFdYCl // e.g., The Swan Inn.
·Dockhand (pronounced ˈdäkhand) = (noun) A longshoreman. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7f3F7fICbhw and http://www.craterlakeinstitute.com/online-library/wp-content/uploads/CL8047-Captain-and-Dock-Hand-Crater-Lake.jpg and http://ftparmy.com/images/dockhand-01.jpg // e.g., Onshore dockhands caught the lines and shipyard guards with firearms held at port watched as they pulled the ship in and made it fast.
· Teem (not to be confused with 'team') = (verb; no object) Teem with = be full of or swarming with e.g., Every garden is teeming with wildlife.// e.g., He walked briskly through the teeming streets./// (verb; no object) (of water, especially rain) Pour down; fall heavily. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05xakHFnkHw and http://www.womenofchina.cn/res/womenofchina/1108/girl_1(2).jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/35/ff/3f/35ff3f4b7db08974616325279fb9a53d.jpg // e.g., With the rain teeming down at the manor, Italy seemed a long way off.// e.g., But alas, the June day teemed with rain, and the street parties had to retreat indoors.
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· Alas (pronounced əˈlæs) = (adverb) (formal or humorous) used to express sadness or feeling sorry about something e.g., ‘Will you be able to come tomorrow?’ ‘Alas, no.’ // e.g., ‘I love football, alas, I have no talent as a player’ (^^).
· Premiership = (noun) The office or position of a prime minister or other head of government e.g., The last mission of his premiership will be finding policies to neutralize both./// Premier League = England’s highest-level football league competition (***** for Premier League).
· Case (with the meaning of a container) = (noun) A container designed to hold or protect something. For cell phone case See http://uploads.neatorama.com/images/posts/668/87/87668/1453134702-0.jpg and https://www.chihuly.com/shop/pub/media/catalog/product/cache/image/2000x1333/e9c3970ab036de70892d86c6d221abfe/p/h/phone-case-back_3.jpg and https://multimedia.bbycastatic.ca/multimedia/products/1500x1500/103/10397/10397390.jpg For a velvet case See http://ep.yimg.com/ay/yhst-9660189880333/velvet-case-for-large-urns-3.gif For a ring case See https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB14hZSJVXXXXX7XpXXq6xXFXXXq.jpg and https://img1.etsystatic.com/180/0/11266858/il_340x270.1157903999_e83i.jpg // e.g., He placed the trumpet safely in its velvet-lined case./// The outer protective covering of a natural or manufactured object e.g., A seed case./// An item of luggage; a suitcase. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Samsonite_Pro-DLX_4_Rolling_Tote_16.4_Inch_Black.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Reisekoffer_Vulkanfiber.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Von_baer_milan_leather_travel_bag.jpg /// A box containing bottles or cans of a beverage, sold as a unit. See http://www.winebottlecases.com/images/12-bottle-general-insert-big.jpg and http://www.bkwinetours.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/lazenne-wine-check-travel-case-600x4131-600x413.jpg and http://lostinasupermarket.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/leather-bottle-case-500x327.jpg // e.g., There are twelve bottles of champagne in a case./// Each of the two forms, capital or minuscule, in which a letter of the alphabet may be written or printed. For lowercase letters See http://www.sawyoo.com/postpic/2015/12/printable-alphabet-templates-lower-case-letters_382468.jpg /// (verb with object) Surround in material or substance e.g., The towers are of steel cased in granite.//// Enclose in a protective container e.g., A cased pair of pistols./// (informal) Reconnoiter a place before carrying out a robbery e.g., ‘I was casing the joint.’
· Minuscule (pronounced ˈmɪn.ɪ.skjuːl) = (adjective) Extremely small; tiny e.g., A minuscule fragment of DNA.// e.g., Some snakes, such as pythons, retain tiny leg bones, which may be visible as minuscule claws at the base of the tail./// (informal) So small as to be negligible or insufficient e.g., He believed the risk of infection was minuscule./// Of or in lowercase letters, as distinct from capitals or uncials. See http://www.sawyoo.com/postpic/2015/12/printable-alphabet-templates-lower-case-letters_382468.jpg /// Of or in a small cursive script of the Roman alphabet, with ascenders and descenders, developed in the 7th century AD. For minuscule cursive (new Roman cursive) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/I_littera_in_manuscripto.jpg /// (noun) Minuscule script. For Carolingian minuscule script See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/CarolingianMinuscule.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Freising_manuscript.jpg // e.g., The humanistic hands of the 15th century were based on the Carolingian minuscule./// A small or lowercase letter. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/A_%28capital_and_small%29.svg
· Lowercase (letter) = (mass noun) Small letters as opposed to capital letters (upper case) e.g., The name may be typed in lower case./// (as modifier) e.g., Lower-case letters.
· Uncial (pronounced ˈʌnsɪʃ(ə)l or ˈʌnsɪəl) = (adjective) Of or written in a majuscule script with rounded enjoined letters which are found in European manuscripts of the 4th–8thcenturies and from which modern capital letters are derived. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/KellsFol309r.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Codex_sinaticus.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/3f/db/df/3fdbdf389f3342fd483403493e54721c.jpg and http://www.typeoff.de/wp-images/uncial/sc_calligraphy_010a.jpg /// (rare) Relating to an inch or an ounce./// (noun) An uncial letter or script e.g., A manuscript in uncial script.
· Majuscule (pronounced ˈmajəsˌkyo͞ol or ˈmædʒəsˌkjul) = (noun) Large lettering, either capital or uncial, in which all the letters are the same height./// A large letter.// See http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/445467/6995205/1274291367477/uncial+majuscule.jpg?token=f7T%2F%2B%2BY0CGPed4nIzBOoKZj3Wt4%3D and https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/40/60640-004-50B7A97F.jpg
· Embezzle (pronounced ɪmˈbɛz(ə)l) (Nouns = embezzler and embezzlement) = (verb with object) Steal or misappropriate money placed in one's trust or belonging to the organization for which one works e.g., He had embezzled $3,700,000 in company funds.// e.g., Who knows if they have embezzled money from that cause, as they seem to have been on the trail of descent, corruption, murder and more… serious questions should be asked!
· Embezzlement = (noun) Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer e.g., Charges of fraud and embezzlement.// e.g., Several family members are being sought by Turkish prosecutors on suspicion of embezzlement and fraud.
· Assimilate = (verb) Take in information, ideas, or culture and understand fully e.g., Mary tried to assimilate the week's events.// e.g., The experts are better able to assimilate information, based on their expectations from the mental model./// Absorb and integrate people, ideas, or culture into a wider society or culture e.g., Pop trends are assimilated into the mainstream with alarming speed.// e.g., The Bakongo are a blend of peoples who assimilated the Kongo culture and language over time./// (verb; no object) Become absorbed and integrated into a society or culture e.g., The older generation had more trouble assimilating./// (Of the body or any biological system) absorb and digest food or nutrients e.g., The sugars in the fruit are readily assimilated by the body.// e.g., Also, some products contain inferior proteins that aren't easily assimilated by the body./// Regard as similar; liken e.g., Philosophers had assimilated thought to perception./// (verb; no object) Become similar e.g., The Churches assimilated to a certain cultural norm./// (Phonetics) Make a sound more like another in the same or next word. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D9C5AHZKkk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_ohrkQmzdQ // e.g., The ‘v’ in ‘fivepence’ may be assimilated to a voiceless ‘f’ (because of the ‘p’).
· Unassimilated = (adjective) (especially of a people, an idea, or a culture) not absorbed or integrated into a wider society or culture e.g., The peoples remain distinct and unassimilated.// e.g., Unassimilated migrants from the countryside.// e.g., As a former professor, Nazerman would not have been representative of German Jewry had he been depicted as unassimilated.// e.g., ‘I know that many countries in Europe already have major problems with large unassimilated minorities.’
· Apace = (adverb) (literary) Swiftly; quickly e.g., Work continues apace.// e.g., Team-building is also continuing apace at Hunslet whose second row forward Sean Ibbetson is reckoned (reckon = conclude after calculation; be of the opinion) to be a Knights target.
· Configuration = (noun) An arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination e.g., The unrepeatable configuration of the stars at the moment of your birth.// e.g., The main configuration of the economy remains capitalist./// (Computing) The arrangement or set-up of the hardware and software that make up a computer system e.g., The PC comes with a removable hard disk drive as part of the standard configuration./// (Chemistry) The fixed three-dimensional relationship of the atoms in a molecule, defined by the bonds between them./// (Psychology) Another term for ‘gestalt’' (described below).
· Gestalt (pronounced ɡəˈʃtælt) = (noun) (psychology) An organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts e.g., ‘I'm not sure I have great art inside of me, but there's something in my gut that seeks to express the gestalt I experience and perceive.’
· Councillor (councilor in US English) = (noun) A member of a council e.g., Municipal councilors, government employees and the general public then paraded around town to welcome in the Thai New Year.
· Dissident = (noun) A person who opposes an official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state e.g., A dissident who had been jailed by a military regime.// e.g., Rawa was responsible for showing the world the summary execution of dissidents in Afghanistan.// e.g., The refugees are trapped between Guinean government forces and those of Guinean rebel dissidents./// (adjective) In opposition to official policy e.g., The measure was supported by dissident Tories.// e.g., Pride of place in the discussion was given to dissident Labor MPs and senior trade union officials.
· Repulsive = (adjective) Arousing intense distaste, or disgust e.g., A repulsive smell.// e.g., Killing a human being is always a repulsive act, but at times it is unavoidable, as in self-defense, or in war.// e.g., They've all done things that are repulsive and disgusting, and each one is probably haunted by that./// (Science) Relating to repulsion between physical objects.
· Peruse (pronounced pəˈruːz) = (verb with object) (formal) Read something, typically thoroughly or carefully; e.g., He has spent countless hours in libraries perusing art history books and catalogues.// e.g., ‘I perused several online reviews.’/// Examine carefully or at length e.g., Mary perused a Caravaggio.// e.g., He thoroughly perused the room to make sure Paul was nowhere nearby.
· Street market / marketplace. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_farmer%27s_market_near_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABDvra8l5sA and http://www.johnharveyphoto.com/HongKong/StreetMarketNearHelensGrandparentsLg.jpg and http://i0.wp.com/awesomeamsterdam.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/tenkate.jpg?resize=1100%2C826
· Bazaar = (noun) a permanently enclosed marketplace or street where goods and services are exchanged or sold (*****). See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Sebah%2C_Pascal_%281823-1886%29_-_Khan_el-Khalili%2C_Cairo_-_ca._1880s.JPG
· Flea market (not related to fleas (insects)!) (or swap meet) = A market, type of bazaar, typically outdoors, selling old or secondhand goods cheaply. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a2/The_Market_NYC.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Brand_new_second_hand.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Flohmarkt2.JPG and http://www.welcometobratislava.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/13001244_1145124578851486_1870631552465887468_n.jpg and http://www.realestate-tokyo.com/media/551845/Windows-Live-Writer_9efa203be3c6_BDB7_Flea%20Market%20in%20Tokyo_thumb.jpg // e.g., The Jam will also have a flea market where you can sell, buy and barter musical instruments, audiotapes, CDs and rock T-shirts.
· Barter = (verb) (with object) Exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money. (My comment: historically, it was the first economic system in the ancient world) e.g., He often bartered a meal for drawings./// (verb) (no object) e.g., They were able to buy or barter for most of what they needed./// (mass noun) The action or system of bartering e.g., Paper money ceases to have any value and people resort to barter./// Goods or services used in bartering e.g., ‘I took a supply of coffee and cigarettes to use as barter.’
· Truck (= a wheeled vehicle) (vs) track (= a rough path or minor road, typically one beaten by use rather than constructed// a continuous line of rails on a railroad).
· The studies should match (not ‘match to’) the student’s interest (not ‘interests’). Only with medical, IT and law studies will someone (not someone ‘will’) stand a chance of finding (not ‘to find) a decent job.
· Parental (pronounced pəˈren.təl) control / advice/ influence (^^)
· Contrary to the past/ On the contrary, today the family’s role (as an institution) is less important.
· ‘I have graduated in biology’ (not ‘graduated biology’).
· He has been wheelchair-confined/ confined to a wheelchair since 2015. A disability-unbiased language would be: He has used a wheelchair since 2015.
· The family (as an institution) should not be demanding, bossy, strict, overruling or overprotective (not ‘overprotecting’). The family that intervenes in (not ‘intervenes on’) peoples’ lives (not ‘life’) will cause indignation (= anger and annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment) and quarrels
· Interval is pronounced ˈɪn.tə.vəl
· Nevertheless/ Nonetheless it is important all the studies that someone makes to have a practical implementation: to help an individual find a job! Apparently, when someone studies something that they do (not ‘does’) not like, with the only incentive (= motivation) to find employment easier, means that he/she (or ‘he or she’) will practice an occupation that will not fit his/her (or ‘his or her’) interests (not ‘interest’).
· Stealing cars (not ‘car stealing’)/ Car theft increased dramatically in Sweden. What is noteworthy is that figures in Sweden soared and in 2017 reached 18,000 stolen cars.
· The family (not ‘Family’ without ‘the’; here ‘the family’ is ‘specific’; regarded as an institution) throughout human history played a significant role in society. It supports children financially until adulthood (not ‘their adulthood’).
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