· Windjammer = (noun) (historical) A merchant sailing ship. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Herzogin_Cecilie_SLV_AllenGren.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Vollschiff_Preussen.png and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Moshulu.jpg and http://www.libertyfleet.com/images/liberty-fleet-windjammer-cruises-n.jpg and http://rainnsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Depositphotos_5279726_m.jpg // e.g., If the bearing is correct, the wreck of the windjammer should be exactly below us./// (US English) Windcheater (see below).
· Windcheater (UK English) (windjammer in US English)= (noun) a wind-resistant jacket with a close-fitting neck, waistband, and cuffs. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/Windbreaker-ad-1940.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Windbreaker_Jacket%2C_Hood_Outside.jpg and https://image1.superdry.com/static/images/products/upload6897103195934623163.jpg and https://image1.superdry.com/static/images/products/upload3626557976661155320.jpg
· Yardarm = (noun) The outer extremity of a ship's yard. See https://thumb9.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/293461/293461,1249113880,2/stock-photo-yardam-of-a-tallship-at-hamburg-harbor-34569988.jpg and https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/05/7f/d8/65/port-of-galveston.jpg // e.g., Avast, ye scurvy dogs, Kerry will swing from the highest yardarm!// /// ‘The sun is over the yardarm’ = (phrase) (dated) used to refer to the time of day when it is permissible to begin drinking alcohol e.g., ‘I never drink until the sun is over the yardarm’! /// A nautical command to stop or cease.
· Clew = (noun) the lower or after corner of a sail. See http://www.yachting-life.net/getting%20started/learning/images/041100sc_figure6.gif and http://www.svsoggypaws.com/images/workshop/Code%200%20Clew.jpg // e.g., A clew of the sail is fixed to the slide allowing the sail to be orientated without a need for a boom./// Clews = (sailing) The cords by which a hammock is suspended. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/30/44/ef/3044efd9a141b6c35ad49e9a95f7eb57.gif and https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0279/9277/files/hammock-customer-reviews-yellow-leaf.jpg?13824578708230170067 and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Doublemayanhammock.jpg // e.g., Tie the clew down to the boom using a reef knot./// (verb with object) ‘Clew something up" or "down’= (sailing) Raise or lower a square sail by the clews when furling or unfurling.// e.g., ‘If you intend to set them again after the topsail is reefed, clew the sail up.’
· Furl (pronounced fɜːl) = (transitive verb) To fold and roll something such as a flag, sail, or umbrella into a tight tube shape. For furling flags. (My comment: I tried to find some YouTube videos, but users often confuse the word ‘furl’ with ‘wave’ or ‘untangle!’ So only 1 video filled the definition criteria!) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMRVxztN1TU For furling an umbrella See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1Un42Cwz2k and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teyZzwTK0Z4 For a furling jib (of a sailboat) See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OE2d7p-uxQ
· Hammock (pronounced ˈhamək) = (noun) a bed made of canvas or rope mesh suspended from two supports by cords at both ends. See https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0279/9277/files/hammock-customer-reviews-yellow-leaf.jpg?13824578708230170067 and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Doublemayanhammock.jpg For a cat’s hammock See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU13ByIYkew and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gL7YQk2Uvg4 // e.g., In such areas, it is not unusual for people to use hammocks rather than beds.
· Boom = (noun) a loud, deep, resonant sound e.g., The deep boom of the bass drum./// The characteristic resonant cry of the bittern. (= a European water bird with long legs that is related to heron (^^)). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wi01NsvX23k and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky5IYXhraMg e.g., The boom of the bittern may be enjoyed in the country./// (verb; no object) Make a loud, deep, resonant sound e.g., A thunder boomed in the sky./// (with direct speech) Say in a loud, deep, resonant voice e.g., ‘Stop right there,’ boomed the Headmaster./// (of a bittern) Utter its characteristic resonant cry e.g., A dozen bitterns boom mysteriously from the reeds./// ‘Boom boom’ = (phrase) (informal) An exclamation made after delivering the punchline of a joke. See For a ‘boom’ video with the Queen and Prince Harry See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmXp5nrGSwQ /// A period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth e.g., The London property boom./// (verb; no object) Experience a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth e.g., Business is booming./// A pivoted spar to which the foot of a vessel's sail is attached, allowing the angle of the sail to be changed. See http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~fassitt/cranks/dinghy/pbm2.JPG and http://www.getwetsailing.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Boom-vang.jpg // e.g., He shut off the motor and untied the sails from the booms.// /// (often as modifier) A movable arm over a television or film set, carrying a microphone or camera. See http://www.desktop-documentaries.com/images/boom-mic-operator.jpg and http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/images/boom-01.jpg // e.g., A boom mike (= microphone)./// A floating beam used to contain oil spills or to form a barrier across the mouth of a harbor or river. See http://i01.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/841/672/360/360672841_624.jpg and http://www.parkersystemsinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Superflex_In_Use14.png // e.g., A boom was used to stop the foam travelling down the river./// (Log boom; also called fence or bag) A barrier placed in a river, designed to collect and or contain floating logs timbered from nearby forests. The term is also used as a place where logs were collected into booms, as at the mouth of a river. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/AERIAL_OF_GEORGIA_PACIFIC_PULP_LOG_BOOM_IN_THE_ST._CROIX_RIVER_NEAR_THE_COMPANY%27S_WOODLAND_PLANT_-_NARA_-_550334.jpg
· Punchline = (noun) The last part of a story or a joke that explains the meaning of what has happened previously or makes it funny (^^) // e.g., His humor did not depend on punchlines.// e.g., ‘So I'll make a deal with you: I'll give you the punchline, and you can write your own joke.’
· Bittern (pronounced ˈbɪtən) (or spoonbill) = (noun) a large marsh bird of the heron family, which is typically smaller than a heron, with brown streaked plumage. The larger kinds are noted for the deep booming call of the male in the breeding season. See https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/PHOTO/LARGE/ambi_hawkperson.jpg and https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/EE29/production/_83696906_bittern2_rspb.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky5IYXhraMg
· Bill = (noun) a printed or written statement of the money owed for goods or services e.g., The bill for their meal came to $20./// A draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion e.g., A debate over the civil rights bill.// e.g., The two bills presently before parliament contain very similar measures./// A programme of entertainment at a theater or cinema e.g., He was top of the bill at America's leading vaudeville house.// e.g., In the unusually smelly dressing room, there were some photocopies of some old bills from the theatre from Georgian times./// (US English) A banknote e.g., A ten-dollar bill./// A poster or handbill.// (as modifier) e.g., He has been hard at work bill posting in a poster and sticker campaign./// (verb with object) List a person or event in a programme e.g., They were billed to appear but did not show up.// e.g., He was billed after star Dana Andrews, leading lady Linda Darnell and second male lead Sterling Hayden../// Bill someone/something as = describe or advertise someone or something in a particular way e.g., He was billed as ‘the new Sean Connery.// e.g., The introduction bills the book as an effort to ‘set the record straight,’ but it is actually an attempt to push the record far to the right./// Send a bill to someone e.g., We shall be billing them for the damage caused.// (verb with two objects) She had been billed $1,000 for her licence./// Charge a sum of money e.g. We billed $300,000./// ‘Fit (or fill) the bill’ = (phrase) be suitable for a particular purpose e.g., The show never fails to entertain, and the small restaurant/bar perfectly fits the bill for the eclectic mix of musicians that take the stage./// The beak of a bird, especially when it is slender, flattened, or weak, or belongs to a web-footed bird or a bird of the pigeon family. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/BirdBeaksA.svg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Red_Bill_Bird.jpg // e.g., These tall thin birds have long necks, bills, and legs and a very wide wingspan./// The muzzle of a platypus. See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7N4sBfPwzt4JIMNIcQ9xVvABnvalkUWxhbcP3PWxMBnlYdwUKmBcDwbm_aL88vpYAN1QtJNsKm7TCuCBT6Sr2WO3KZnTZ1t3NhXsRoR4BFAbOgam1RuXFWAodgs9VKYkA6WjnxHouerU/s1600/1.jpg and http://howtodoright.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/92726180_89d1666d-8dbc-4793-ab23-186d11df2834.jpg // e.g., The platypus uses its electro-sensitive bill to locate its food in the water./// (US English) The peak of a cap. (My comment: also known as ‘brim’) See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Baylor_vintage.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gorra_MLB.JPG and https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZH0OQ.jpg and http://epicsports.cachefly.net/products/BuyersGuide/BaseballCapDiagram.jpg // e.g., My bill needed always to be curved right, and the front of the cap needed just a little dip on top behind the pretty scarlet "H"./// The point of an anchor fluke. See https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/76/5576-004-0B666D37.jpg and https://s3.amazonaws.com/thumbnails.illustrationsource.com/huge.101.506568.JPG // e.g., This due to the bill that sits deep in the seabed, making the anchor rotate around this./// (in place names) A narrow promontory e.g., Portland Bill./// (Verb; no object) (of birds, especially doves) Stroke bill with bill during courtship. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dB3C5uYe9o and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrFnPkKFtyM // e.g., The pairs rub bills and coo to each other before mating and going ashore to lay the eggs./// ‘Bill and coo’ = (phrase) (informal) behave or talk in a very loving or sentimental way e.g., ‘My own personal wife and I hardly ever bill and coo early in the morning anymore.’/// (noun) A medieval weapon like a halberd with a hook instead of a blade. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/Gloucester_Household_Bill-Line%2C_Cardiff_Castle.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Long_handled_bill_hook.jpg and https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/e6/a3/ed/e6a3ed6d3083dd076b276b7050fe9494.jpg?noindex=1 and http://www.medieval-weaponry.co.uk/acatalog/89MEN-920-2.jpg /// ‘The Bill" or "the Old Bill’ = (noun) (UK English) (informal) (treated as singular or plural) The police (My comment: never heard!) e.g., ‘I couldn't hear that much outside but I think it’s more likely people driving past and dog walkers who often call the old bill and complain.’
· Coo (pronounced kuː) = (noun) A soft murmuring sound made by a dove or pigeon. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngfZmoLKwkQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okZA29O9ySY /// (verb) (of a pigeon or dove) make a soft murmuring sound e.g., Ringdoves cooed among the branches./// (exclamation) Used to express surprise e.g., “Coo, ain't it high!” Mary squeaked./// (abbreviation) Chief operating (or operations) officer.
· Heron = (noun) a large fish-eating wading bird with long legs, a long S-shaped neck, and a long pointed bill. See http://d2fbmjy3x0sdua.cloudfront.net/cdn/farfuture/eiP7aCPx9urnlFubKBJBj9dNb3DLeBehlm_OegAM0dU/mtime:1486673346/sites/default/files/styles/nas_bird_teaser_illustration/public/528_Sibl_9780307957900_art_r1.jpg?itok=HtxINVvj and http://www.bird-friends.com/pics/TriColoredHeron/TriColoredHeron7LR.jpg and https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Cs-DajpW8AAiZeI.jpg // e.g., Unlike most herons, the Green Heron does not typically nest in large colonies.
· Mike (pronounced mʌɪk) (or mic) = (noun) (informal) A microphone./// (verb with object) (informal) Supply or equip with a microphone e.g., The minister was already miked up for the interview./// (verb; no object) (UK English) (informal) (dated) Idle away one's time e.g., He thundered at anyone he thought was miking.// (noun) (UK English) (informal) (dated) A period of idleness e.g., ‘That's a good mike for you, but you'll have plenty to do later on.’
· Transept = (architecture) (noun) (in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave (= the long central part of a church (^^)). See http://www.wilfrid.com/images/church_inside/north_transept1203a_1600.jpg and https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/34/7534-004-BC1B6EAB.jpg // e.g., The north transept.
· Nave (pronounced neɪv) = (noun) The central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. In traditional Western churches, it is rectangular, separated from the chancel by a step or rail, and from adjacent aisles by pillars. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Saint-Sulpice%2C_Nave%2C_Paris_20140515_1.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Bath.abbey.fan.vault.arp.jpg and http://www.pitt.edu/~medart/image/glossary/nave.jpg and https://yorkminster.org/geisha/inc/img.php/geisha/assets/images/The-Nave.jpg/909/570/crop.jpg /// The hub of a wheel. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Wheel_Iran.jpg and http://www.aspectwheels.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Twin-Type-Wheel.jpg and http://www.aspectwheels.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id1.jpg // e.g., The pot was thrown on a disc or small platform fixed to the center or nave of the wheel.
· Aisle (Vs) Isle
· Aisle (pronounced ʌɪl) (not to be confused with ‘isle,’ although they are pronounced the same!) = (noun) A long, narrow space between rows of seats in an aircraft, cinema, or church. For aircraft aisle See http://www.aerospace-technology.com/uploads/newsarticle/671135/images/138747/large/3.jpg and https://3rxg9qea18zhtl6s2u8jammft-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Side-Slip-Seat-by-Molon-Labe-970x639.png For cinema aisle See https://loftcinema.org/files/2017/03/2.jpg and http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3370/3218246955_748d4b1200_o.jpg For church aisle See https://i.pinimg.com/736x/3a/cb/f7/3acbf7ca868cadcd9a81e156901d3f19--wedding-church-aisle-simple-church-wedding.jpg and http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000kgkjGvRFmvo/s/860/860/Church-Aisle.jpg /// (noun) A long, narrow space between the rows of shelves in a large shop (^^). For a shop aisle See http://gb.fotolibra.com/images/previews/448624-shop-aisle.jpeg and https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6088/6075050600_ab3c24a0fb_b.jpg and https://s-i.huffpost.com/gen/1931696/images/o-GROCERY-STORE-AISLE-facebook.jpg
· Isle (pronounced ʌɪl) (not to be confused with ‘aisle,’ although they are pronounced the same!) = (noun) (used especially in place names) An island e.g., The Isle of Skye.// e.g., Explore the more remote of Caribbean isles (^^).
· Congregation = (noun) a group of people assembled for religious worship e.g., The singing of psalms by the whole congregation.// A group of people regularly attending a particular place of worship e.g., She was a member of the Emmanuel Chapel congregation./// A gathering or collection of people, animals, or things.// Synonyms = gathering, assembly.// e.g., Large congregations of birds may cause public harm./// (mass noun) The action of gathering together in a crowd e.g., Drought conditions lead to the congregation of animals around watering points./// (in the Roman Catholic Church) A permanent committee of the College of Cardinals e.g., The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.// (UK English) (in some universities) A general assembly of resident senior members e.g., If the Great Congregation was the legislative body of the University, Congregation was the executive body./// A group of people obeying a common religious rule but under less solemn (= formal and dignified) vows than members of the older religious orders e.g., The sisters of the ‘Congregation of Our Lady.’/// A group of communities within a religious order sharing particular historical or regional links e.g., Much of our mission field, in fact, is within our own congregations./// (rare) A flock of plovers e.g., This is a shorebird beach, with a congregation of plovers inhabiting it.
· Congregate (pronounced ˈkɒŋ.ɡrɪ.ɡeɪt) = (verb; no object) Gather into a crowd or mass; assemble e.g., Some 5,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point.// e.g., After lunch at my family's home, we had a hard time leaving because a mass of people had congregated outside.
· Muzzle = (My comment: most kids know the ‘nerf gun muzzle’ used on nerf battles!) (noun) The projecting part of the face, including the nose and mouth, of an animal such as a dog or horse. For dog muzzle basket See https://www.fordogtrainers.com/images/large/leather-dog-muzzle-basket-gsd-9_LRG.jpg and https://www.cane-corso-dog-breed-store.com/images/large/Cane-corso-muzzles-cage-basket-wire-dog-muzzle_LRG.jpg and https://www.fordogtrainers.com/images/large/German-Shepherd-Wire-Basket-Dog-Muzzles-M4-1-2511_LRG.jpg For a horse grazing muzzle see http://d2b77qcn2ixk1b.cloudfront.net/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/1200x1200/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/horseland/products/401359.jpg and https://s7d5.scene7.com/is/image/PetsUnited/TSLT733837_82756?wid=300&hei=300&fmt=jpeg&qlt=75,0&op_sharpen=0&resMode=sharp2&op_usm=0.9,1.0,6,0&iccEmbed=0& For a human muzzle (such as the one of Hannibal Lecter in horror movies!) see https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIA0pPh3s_YO_1XpS4HOjrwREcYAJ70x2tWIYekdaKLXCF0ZixXzF6XQrl-4_dISvZPnKcoeGkuOeIsk9vpCyBv43ToeEytqfbz2KYN-OZZTP8vPYQAW05RMn3Om8xcE_T2ixsExP5LoA/s1600/1360533442_silence-of-the-lambs3.jpg and http://thecabin.net/sites/default/files/DownloadedFile.jpeg // For the muzzle of a platypus (also known as a bill) See https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7N4sBfPwzt4JIMNIcQ9xVvABnvalkUWxhbcP3PWxMBnlYdwUKmBcDwbm_aL88vpYAN1QtJNsKm7TCuCBT6Sr2WO3KZnTZ1t3NhXsRoR4BFAbOgam1RuXFWAodgs9VKYkA6WjnxHouerU/s1600/1.jpg and http://howtodoright.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/92726180_89d1666d-8dbc-4793-ab23-186d11df2834.jpg/ e.g., She patted the horse's velvety muzzle./// A guard, typically made of straps or wire, fitted over an animal's muzzle to stop it biting or feeding e.g., The law says that pit bull terriers have to wear a muzzle.//// (informal) The part of a person's face including the nose, mouth, and chin e.g., His close-shaven muzzle./// The open end of the barrel of a firearm. See http://thecmp.us/Comm/images/MAT.jpg and http://www.hallowellco.com/win94-403358-muzzle-oblique-sm.jpg and http://kingarmory.com/assets/images/KAgraphics374.jpg For a nerf gun muzzle See http://www.3dprintedsolid.com/store/blaster/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/04/MG_7515.jpg and http://www.3dprintedsolid.com/store/blaster/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/05/MG_8525-LR.jpg // e.g., David jammed the muzzle of the gun into the man's neck./// (verb with object) Put a muzzle on an animal e.g., The dog should have been muzzled./// Prevent a person or group from expressing their opinions freely e.g., Opposition leaders accused him of muzzling the news media.
· Pat = (transitive verb) To touch someone or something gently and usually repeatedly with the hand flat. For head pat See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjIHwil0cqk and http://pa1.narvii.com/5983/85777dd28aa87072ee5a9ed759ab0170b3c60992_hq.gif // e.g., She patted my head/ patted me on the head affectionately.// e.g., I bent down to put the little puppy (^^).
· Fluke = (noun) an unlikely chance occurrence, especially a surprising piece of luck e.g., Their victory was a bit of a fluke.// e.g., We may say that B's failure to castle was a fluke, bad luck with the random number generator./// (verb with object) Achieve something by luck rather than skill e.g., Millwall haven't fluked their way into the final and the Reds could have an off day.// e.g., ‘I can fire random numbers at you until I fluke it if you want, but that is as good as you're going to get.’/// A parasitic flatworm which typically has suckers and hooks for attachment to the host. Some species are of veterinary or medical importance. See https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/5d/45/b3/5d45b300a45fbf9fd7a29d1db19ade5c.jpg and http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/files/2013/02/journal.pone_.0003328.g001.jpg (My comment as a medic: with the recent massive immigration surges alongside the world, meeting a fluke parasitosis (=parasite infection) in western hospitals is something not unlikely – my own latest example was a microfilariae causing trouble on a patient from Cameroon! Also, malaria is not unusual in Western hospitals!)/// (US English) (dialect) A flatfish, especially a (summer) flounder. See http://www.striperspace.com/simages/fluke3_560.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Summer_flounder_photo4.jpg /// A broad triangular plate on the arm of an anchor. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Admiralty_anchor.JPG and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Fluke_anchor-1-.gif and http://www.hansanchor.com/images/Hans%20Anchor%20&%20Logo/StochAnchor.jpg and http://www.theensign.org/uspscompass/graphics/v5n11_flukeanchor2.gif and https://s3.amazonaws.com/thumbnails.illustrationsource.com/huge.101.506568.JPG // e.g., Hanging from the center of the dome is an anchor shape with red and green lanterns at the end of the anchor flukes./// Either of the lobes of a whale's tail. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg and http://www.juneauflukes.org/uploads/2/0/8/2/20826816/6531339_orig.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/originals/8e/ea/87/8eea87ff90cd3f6921e9ae1b7474f7f4.jpg // e.g., Whales have streamlined bodies with highly compressed neck vertebrae, dorsal fins, and a tail with two finlike flukes arranged horizontally.
· Colt (pronounced kəʊlt) = (noun) a foal ((pronounced fəʊl), especially a male foal (= a young male horse that is usually not castrated and has not attained an arbitrarily designated age (as four years)). See http://www.gopetsamerica.com/images/colt-5.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Standingarabianfoalone.jpg /// A young, untried person e.g., A colt who looked to the team's more experienced players for advice (***).
· Mangle = (verb with object) destroy or severely damage by tearing or crushing. For a mangled car See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_v8PZXUxF3Y and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUAyIGRVZPo // e.g., The car was mangled almost beyond recognition.// e.g., She quickly set to work, chopping vegetables into little-mangled bits and depositing the mess into a huge steel pot./// Ruin or spoil a text, piece of music, etc. e.g., He was mangling Bach on the piano./// (UK English) A machine having two or more rollers turned by a handle, between which wet laundry is squeezed to remove excess moisture (also known as wringer). See http://www.parkfieldict.co.uk/infant/victorianobjects/mangle.jpg and http://rmhh.co.uk/occup/gifs/mangle3.jpg // e.g., ‘I had to turn the handle on the mangle while mum put the sheets through.’/// (US English) A large machine for ironing sheets or other fabrics, usually when they are damp, using heated rollers (also known as rotary ironer) See and http://www.rosssveback.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/miele-rotary-iron-01.jpg and https://3ndg6n14rq3g17ipen1vi61g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ironer_main.jpg // e.g., At seven in the evening they broke off to run the hotel linen through the mangle.// /// (verb with object) Press or squeeze with a mangle e.g., The hard household labor often involved pounding clothes in a dolly tub and mangling them with a hand wringer.
· Wringer (pronounced ˈrɪŋə) =(noun) a device such as a mangle for wringing water from wet clothes, mops, or other objects. For cloths wringer See http://www.playle.com/KDL/41812.jpg and http://www.ontstopperspecialist.be/content/images/thumbs/0001947_microvezeldoekpers.jpeg and for a mop bucket with side press wringer See https://cdnimg.webstaurantstore.com/images/products/large/211106/964921.jpg Also for mop wringer See http://www.theflooringlady.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Easy-Wring-Ocedar-Mop-System.jpg and https://4.imimg.com/data4/OW/RT/MY-25796760/mop-wringer-trolley-250x250.jpg e.g., The housewife still had to use a wringer to extract the water at the end of each cycle./// ‘Put someone through the wringer (or the mangle)’ = (phrase) (informal) Subject someone to a very stressful experience, especially a severe interrogation e.g., He had no papers, so they put him through the wringer.
· Break off = (intransitive verb) to stop abruptly e.g., To break off in the middle of a sentence./// To become detached; e.g., The branches broke off in the storm./// To end a relationship e.g., They broke off with his business partner (My comment: I think that ‘break up’ is more often used for this meaning)./// (intransitive verb) Discontinue e.g., The USA and Iran broke off their diplomatic relations.// e.g., The judge broke off the court proceedings until after lunch.// e.g., Talks between the two sides broke off when one began making unreasonable demands./// To remove by or as if by breaking e.g., He broke off a chunk of bread (***).
· Invocation = (noun) The action of invoking something or someone for assistance or as an authority e.g., The invocation of new disciplines and methodologies.// e.g., His invocation of the ancient powers of Callanish./// (countable noun) An incantation used to invoke a deity (= god or goddess) or the supernatural e.g., Works like these are the focal point of a community's spiritual life, prayers, and invocations for ancestral intervention./// (countable noun) (in the Christian Church) A form of words such as ‘In the name of the Father’ introducing a prayer, sermon, etc.
· Invoke (vs) Evoke (vs) Convoke (vs) Revoke
· Invoke = (verb with object) Call on a deity (pronounced ˈdeɪ.ɪ.ti; = a god or goddess) or spirit in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration e.g., Religious services were held at sunrise. Part of the priest's duty is to invoke the planetary deity of the day./// Summon a spirit by charms or incantation e.g., ‘I think the whole question of whether certain spiritual practices or philosophies inevitably lead you to invoke a particular spirit is the one that's crucial to me.’/// Cite or appeal to someone or something as an authority for an action or in support of an argument e.g., The antiquated defense of insanity is rarely invoked in the UK.// e.g., Stephen Matthews lost some support when he invoked the women's suffrage movement./// Call earnestly for; e.g., He invoked his help against this attack./// Give rise to; evoke e.g., ‘How could she explain how the accident happened without invoking his wrath?’/// (Computing) Cause a procedure to be carried out e.g., The only possible operation is to read data when Read-Only Mode is invoked.
· Evoke (pronounced ɪˈvəʊk) = (verb with object) Bring or recall (a feeling, memory, or image) to the conscious mind e.g., The sight evoked pleasant memories of his childhood.// e.g., Peaches evoke memories and bring out the best of summertime activities./// Elicit a response e.g., The Green Paper evoked critical reactions from various bodies.// e.g., The principal reason for this is that poetry evokes a pre-determined response./// Invoke a spirit or deity e.g., Akasha is evoked in India when a house is being built to ensure its completion/// e.g., After three days of life, a shaman evokes a soul to be reincarnated in the baby's body.
· Convoke = (transitive verb) to call a group of people to a formal meeting or convocation e.g., The assembly was convoked for a special session.// They convoked a meeting of the delegates (***).
· Revoke = (verb) (with object) Officially cancel a decree, decision, or promise e.g., The men appealed, and the sentence was revoked.// e.g., If a customer cancels within 30 days, the satellite provider revokes the retailer's commission./// (verb; no object) (in bridge, whist, and other card games) Fail to follow suit despite being able to do so e.g., If a player revokes, only to play a legal card on another trick during the round, a penalty will be enforced.
· Repeal = (verb) (with object) Revoke or annul a law or act of parliament e.g., The legislation was repealed five months later.// e.g., If we cannot get a better system, we might be better off repealing all antitrust laws.// e.g., For a free and productive society to reemerge, the 16th Amendment must be repealed - thereby abolishing the income tax./// (Noun) (mass noun) The action of revoking or annulling a law or act of parliament e.g., The House of Representatives voted in favor of repeal.// e.g., One claims that the Bubble Act effectively put a hold on new joint-stock companies in Britain until its repeal in 1825.
· Conjure (pronounced ˈkʌn.dʒər) = (verb) (often as ‘conjure something up’) = (verb with object ) Cause a spirit or ghost to appear by means of a magic ritual e.g., They hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend.// e.g., ‘Even better, you are free to walk those realms your way - battle against evil as a selfless knight or conjure up demons as an undead warlock.’ /// Make something appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere as if by magic e.g., Peter conjured up a most delicious homemade stew (a type of food).// e.g., ‘Identify a demand in the market and satiate it by conjuring a team out of nothing.’/// Call an image to the mind e.g., He had forgotten how to conjure up the image of his mother's face./// (archaic) Implore someone to do something e.g., By the ministry of a faithful eunuch she transmitted to him a ring, the pledge of her affection, and earnestly conjured him to claim her as a lawful spouse to whom he had been secretly betrothed (My comment: I guess it’s from a novel referred to medieval times!).
· Deity (pronounced deɪɪti) = (noun) a god or goddess in a polytheistic religion e.g., A deity of ancient Greece.// e.g., The ancient religion of Hawaii incorporates hundreds of deities as well as magical and animist beliefs./// (mass noun) Divine status, quality, or nature e.g., A ruler driven by delusions of deity.// e.g., Such thoughts can take people of high status from deity to human./// (in a monotheistic religion such as Christianity) The creator and supreme being e.g., He raised her head as if appealing to the Deity presiding over the church.// e.g., He appears as the Deity to accept the worship and obeisance of His devotees./// A representation of a god or goddess, such as a statue or carving e.g., Also on show is a bronze falcon deity.
· Incantation = (noun) a series of words said as a magic spell or charm e.g., An incantation to raise the dead.// e.g., He raised his arms into the air and chanted the incantation for a fireball./// (mass noun) The use of words as a magic spell e.g., There was no magic in such incantation.
· Chant = (noun) A repeated rhythmic phrase, typically one shouted or sung in unison by a crowd. For Protesters’ chants See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QySl8u23310 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sXal5YPn_k // For football chants See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAU4hCBilbI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaZ4GHJJzqY // e.g., The rhythmic chant spread through the crowd of hundreds of thousands that filled Kiev's Independence Square on the evening of November 22./// A short musical passage in two or more phrases used for singing unmetrical words; a psalm or canticle is sung to such music. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCz_kNFludA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-hrBhA4XkM // e.g., ‘’Although I enjoy chants and church music quite a bit, I had not, for some time, felt the need to attend a church service.’// (verb) Say or shout repeatedly in a singsong tone e.g., Protesters were chanting slogans.
· Canticle = (noun) A hymn or chant, typically with a biblical text, forming a regular part of a church service. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AWlHaxfNtU and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trP9fOG8jDs // e.g., Subtitled ‘Overture on Liturgical Themes,’ it is based on the Obikhod, a collection of Russian Orthodox canticles, biblical texts, and hymns.
· Incite (vs.) Cite (vs.) Recite
· Incite (pronounced ɪnˈsʌɪt) = (verb with object) encourage or stir up violent or unlawful behavior e.g., They conspired to incite riots.// e.g., The UK must be free to act against extremists who stir up hatred and incite terrorism.// e.g., Many priests refused to collaborate with the authorities, and some incited disobedience./// Urge or persuade someone to act violently or unlawfully; e.g., He incited loyal subjects to rebellion.// e.g., Police said they are looking for those believed to be responsible, allegedly three local government officials who recently lost their jobs and incited people to violence to regain their posts.// e.g., Students in the band said they’re just singing the lyrics and not inciting anyone to do anything.// e.g., He is also banned from inciting anyone else to do the same.
· Cite (pronounced sʌɪt) = (verb with object) to call upon officially or authoritatively to appear as before a court; summon e.g., He cited evidence suggesting she was in the area when the crime was committed.// e.g., He was cited for reckless driving./// To quote by way of example, authority, or proof cites several noteworthy authors e.g., The article cites several experts on the subject.// e.g., He cited several studies that support his theory.// To refer to; especially to mention formally in commendation or praise e.g., He was cited for bravery.// e.g., The museum had often been cited as an example of successful fund-raising./// To name in a citation cited by the trustees for his work in public health./// To bring forward or call to another's attention especially as an example, proof, or precedent e.g., She cited the weather as a reason for canceling the picnic (***)./// (noun) A citation e.g., Soon, no doubt, there will be cites in Latin and Greek, maybe even a quotation from Gilgamesh.// e.g., He just checked the cites and published the opinions unchanged.
· Recite = (verb) to say a piece of writing aloud from memory or to publicly say a list of things. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05wnVm_bOEg e.g., He proudly recited the Pledge of Allegiance.// e.g., The opposition party recited a long list of the government's failings (*) /// e.g., Recite a poem.// e.g., The US president Obama recited Valentine’s Day poem to his wife Michelle.
· Citation (pronounced sʌɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n) = (noun) a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work e.g., The majority of the citations are to work published during the past twenty years.// e.g., The number of Web citations to journal articles increased from 1992 to 2018./// (Law) A reference to a previous case, used as guidance in the trying of comparable cases or in support of an argument e.g., This journal contains citations from all jurisdictions.// e.g., ‘I do not think that that citation supports a submission that there must be some form of specific reference to the work in question.’ /// A mention of a praiseworthy act in an official report, especially that of a member of the armed forces in wartime e.g., He won his own Bronze Star that day, and the citation praises him for providing assistance to a damaged Swift boat despite enemy bullets flying about him.// e.g., The citation described him as an officer of extreme bravery./// A note accompanying an award, describing the reasons for it e.g., A Nobel citation.// e.g., The citation presented to them said that their excellence in the investigation had solved many challenging cases./// (US English) (Law) A summons to appear in court e.g., A traffic citation.// e.g., A citation requires a court appearance with the punishment and fine being determined by the judge upon conviction.
· Thee (pronounced thi) = (pronoun) (archaic) archaic or dialect form of you, as the singular object of a verb or preposition e.g., ‘We beseech thee O Lord’.
· Thou (pronounced thaʊ) = (pronoun) (archaic) archaic or dialect form of you, as the singular subject of a verb or preposition e.g., ‘Thou art fair, O my beloved’./// (informal) A thousand e.g., Two hundred thou./// One- thousandth of an inch.
· Commend (pronounced kəˈmɛnd) (not to be confused with ‘comment’) (the noun is ‘commendation’) = (verb) To entrust for care or preservation e.g., ‘I commend her to you without reservation.’ /// Make something acceptable or pleasing e.g., The emphasis on peace will commend itself to all.// e.g., Most one-roomed flats have little to commend them./// To recommend as worthy of confidence or notice; e.g., Your proposal has much to commend it./// To mention with approbation; praise e.g., ‘We commend you for your continuing dedication to excellence.’// e.g., His poetry is highly commended by other writers.// e.g., Commend this book to anyone interested in learning more about American history ((***) except the first 3 examples) e.g., He was commended by the judge for his courageous actions./// Commend someone to = (phrase) Pass on someone's good wishes to e.g., ‘Commend me to my son, and bid him rule better than I.’
· Approbation = (noun) commendation (see above ‘commend’); praise e.g., The writer is expecting a certain amount of attention and courtesy and interest and perhaps approbation, but it always seems to be a kind of Roman arena (pronounced əˈriː.nə) sometimes, where the writer is thrown in to be savaged.// e.g., A plan that has won the approbation of the mayor.// e.g., The company has even received the approbation of its former critics./// (obsolete) Proof./// An act of approving formally or officially e.g., That plan has the approbation of the school board ((***) except the 1st example).// e.g., Upon completion of the reference to the Master, her determination, and approval, shall require approbation by this court.
· Militia (pronounced mɪˈlɪshə) = (noun) a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency. See https://voluntaryistreader.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/1.jpg and http://www.theprepperjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/JoinAMilitia.jpg // e.g., Creating a militia was no answer to the army's manpower problem./// (mass noun) e.g., Small detachments of militia.// e.g., The older men were discharged from service in the militia as not fully reliable./// A military force that engages in rebel or terrorist activities in opposition to a regular army e.g., It is this dynamic that the intelligent field commander of a local militia or opposition group exploits./// (US English) (in the US) All able-bodied civilians eligible by law for military service.
· Obsolete (pronounced ˌɒb.s(ə)lˈiːt) = (adjective) not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable e.g., Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented (^^).
· Lunatic = (noun/ adjective)(dated) affected with a severely disordered state of mind; insane./// Designed for the care of mentally ill people e.g., A lunatic asylum./// Wildly foolish e.g., A lunatic (adjective) idea.// e.g., A lunatic behavior.// e.g., He hatched a lunatic plot to overthrow the government (***).
· Defunct = (adjective) no longer living, existing, or functioning e.g., He wrote for a magazine that is now defunct.// e.g., A defunct railroad.// e.g., She wrote for the now-defunct newspaper.// e.g., A stack of brochures and a few faded placards are all that remains of the defunct organization (***).
· Placard (pronounced ˈplæk.ɑːd) = (noun) A large piece of card, paper etc. with a message written or printed on it, often carried in public places by people who are complaining about something (i.e., protesters). See // e.g., Demonstrators marched past holding/ waving placards that said, ‘Send food, not missiles.’
· Stack (not to be confused with ‘stuck’) = (noun) a pile of things arranged one on top of another. See http://0.media.collegehumor.cvcdn.com/49/87/644c0069a96be1bea4d93726a9c65312-tall-stack-of-things-on-napping-student.jpg and http://0.media.collegehumor.cvcdn.com/49/87/644c0069a96be1bea4d93726a9c65312-tall-stack-of-things-on-napping-student.jpg For a stack of clothes See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrz_a9P04xs and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMkIE7QsYlQ and http://www.themint.org/images/stack-of-clothing.jpg and https://i.pinimg.com/736x/43/60/18/436018c89dfaf3b4c228d2727abc7000--pullover-sweaters-womens-sweaters.jpg // e.g., He chose a movie from the stack of DVDs on the shelf./// (informal) Large amount e.g., We’ve got a stack of time./// (Australian English) A car accident. (My comment as an Aussie guy: I never use this term)./// (transitive verb) To arrange things in an ordered pile (^^).
· Warble = (noun) a melodious succession of low pleasing sounds. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0jeHXyngZA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhNPJx7gkLE and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTpuSMPcK8Y // e.g., Birds were warbling in the trees /// A musical trill.// The action of warbling.// (intransitive verb) To sing in a trilling manner or with many turns and variations./// To become sounded with trills, quavers, and rapid modulations in pitch./// Sing e.g., He warbled his way through the song./// (transitive verb) to render with turns, runs, or rapid modulations; trill (***).
· Convene (noun = convention) = (intransitive verb) to come together in a body; assemble e.g., We convened at the hotel for a seminar.// e.g., This class convenes twice a week./// (transitive verb) To summon before a tribunal./// To cause to assemble; e.g., A world council was convened in Paris.// e.g., A panel of investigators was convened by the president to review the case (***).
· Delegate (pronounced Noun = ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət Verb = ˈdel.ɪ.ɡeɪt) = (noun) (pronounced ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət) A person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular, an elected representative sent to a conference. See http://www.twunsw.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/group.jpg and http://www.cashandtrademagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Delegates-at-Last-Years-WIBC.jpg // e.g., Congress delegates rejected the proposals.// e.g., It is interesting to note that China sent 50 delegates to this conference./// A member of a committee e.g., A union spokesman claimed that many of those stood down were union delegates and activists./// (verb) (pronounced ˈdel.ɪ.ɡeɪt) Entrust a task or responsibility to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself e.g., She delegates routine tasks.// e.g. The power delegated to him must never be misused./// (with object and infinitive) Send or authorize someone to do something as a representative e.g., Nick was delegated to meet new arrivals.
· Devise (pronounced dɪˈvʌɪz) (‘device’ is the noun) (not to be confused with ‘divide’) = (verb with object) Plan or invent a complex procedure, system, or mechanism by careful thought e.g., A training programme should be devised.// e.g., A complicated game of his own devising.// e.g., The definition of business assets has changed since the system was devised.// e.g., ‘We have found the Report useful in devising the guidelines.’/// (Law) Leave something, especially real estate, to someone by the terms of a will e.g., All persons of sound mind are competent to bequeath and devise real and personal estate, excepting infants and married women.// e.g., ‘All the residue of my estate, including real and personal property, I give, devise, and bequeath to Earlham College.’/// (noun) (Law) A clause in a will leaving something, especially real estate, to someone e.g., Transfers of real property by inheritance or devise are not subject to the real estate excise tax.
· Stratagem (pronounced ˈstratədjəm) = (noun) an artifice or trick in war for deceiving and outwitting the enemy e.g., A series of devious stratagems./// A cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end e.g., He tried various stratagems to get the cat into the carrier, but the feisty feline was wise to them all./// Skill in ruses or trickery e.g., Out of such stratagems was born the distinctively Dutch combination of individualism and communitarianism, which is still alive and well today (***).
· Devious (pronounced ˈdiːvɪəs) = (adjective) Showing a skillful use of underhand tactics to achieve goals e.g., He's as devious as a politician needs to be.// e.g., They have devious ways of making money./// (of a route or journey) Longer and less direct than the most straightforward way e.g., They arrived at the town by a devious route.// e.g., What is difficult about maneuvering is to make the devious route the most direct and to turn misfortune to advantage (My comment: an excellent suggestion in real life).
· Feline (pronounced ˈfiːlʌɪn) = (adjective) Belonging or relating to the cat family e.g., Feline leukemia.// e.g., He moved with feline grace.// (noun) A member of the cat family (^^)(***).
· Feisty (pronounced ˈfaɪ.sti) = (adjective) (of a person, typically one who is relatively small or weak) Lively, determined, and courageous e.g., A feisty heroine who’s more than a pretty face.// e.g., He was stubborn and feisty, determined and driven, and that’s the mark that he has left.// e.g., She speaks softly but forcefully, an indication of how feisty she can be.// Touchy and aggressive e.g., He got a bit feisty and tried to hit me.// e.g., The feisty old lady lives alone but fights with the men almost every day.
· Ruse (pronounced ruːz) = (noun) a wily subterfuge; a trick or act that is used to fool/ deceive someone e.g., The phone call was just a ruse to see if he was home.// e.g., His act was just a clever ruse to get me to go out with him (***).// e.g., Helen tried to think of a ruse to get Peter out of the house.// e.g., ‘I'm not convinced they saw through my ruse of pretending to photograph someone else.’
· Wily (pronounced ˈwaɪ.li) = (adjective) Skilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully e.g., His wily opponents.// e.g., His vulnerability, his emotions are those of the wily and ingenuous country lawyer.// e.g., He had made one mistake, he had not counted on the skill and determination of his wily opponent.// e.g., As a wily guerilla leader and resistance fighter, he deserves respect.
· Cajole (pronounced kəˈdʒəʊl) = (transitive verb) To persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance; coax e.g., ‘I had to cajole them into going.’// e.g., He cajoled her into doing his laundry for him.// e.g., He hoped to cajole her into selling the house./// To obtain from someone by gentle persuasion e.g., He cajoled money from his parents./// To deceive with soothing words or false promises e.g., ''He cajoled himself with thoughts of escape'' (Robertson Davies) (***). (verb; no object) e.g., She pleaded and cajoled as she tried to win his support.// e.g., ‘Usually, I can cajole him into cereal, toast or a banana, but this morning – nothing!’ /// ‘I will not plead, threaten, or cajole anyone into voting for me.’
· Cajolery = (noun) Coaxing or flattery intended to persuade someone to do something e.g., She uses cajolery, deception, and manipulation to get what she wants.// e.g., Instead, she uses cajolery, deception, and sexual manipulation to trick him out of consummating the marriage.// e.g., It would be the ultimate weapon in journalistic cajolery.
· Hoax (vs) Coax
· Hoax (pronounced hoʊks) = (noun) humorous or malicious deception e.g., They recognized the plan as a hoax.// e.g., The evidence had been planted as part of an elaborate hoax.// (as modifier) e.g., A hoax 911 (emergency line) call.// e.g., There were histories of strange animals, most of which had since been identified and in a few cases turned out to be outright hoaxes or jokes./// (verb with object) Trick or deceive someone with a hoax e.g., ‘I now have reason to believe that in unraveling a hoax I was hoaxed myself!’// e.g., His motive for hoaxing the world was clearly not financial, for he turned down opportunities for making a vast fortune from his story.
· Coax (pronounced a) Verb= koʊks b) Noun = ˈkōaks) = a) (verb with object) (pronounced koʊks) = persuade someone gradually or by flattery to do something.// Synonym = persuade.// e.g., The trainees were coaxed into doing hard, boring work.// e.g., ‘I smiled and walked faster, coaxing him to walk faster too.’/// Coax something from/out of = to use flattery or gradual persuasion to obtain something from e.g., I coaxed money out of my father./// (figurative) e.g., Coaxing more speed from the car./// Manipulate something carefully into a particular shape or position e.g., Her lovely hair had been coaxed into ringlets.// e.g., Carefully, and ever so gently, Tania coaxed my weight upwards to more of a sitting position. b) Noun (pronounced ˈkōaks) = (informal) Coaxial cable. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coaxial_cable_cutaway.svg/300px-Coaxial_cable_cutaway.svg.png and https://files.cablewholesale.com/mailimages/coaxcable.jpg /// (informal) Coaxial e.g., Coax connectors.
· Ensnare = (verb with object) to take in or as if in a snare; Catch on or as in a trap e.g., The animals got ensnared in the net.// e.g., The police successfully ensnared the burglar (***).// e.g., They were ensnared in city center traffic.// e.g., They are not difficult to trap, and experts use narcotics among other means to ensnare them.
· Snare = (noun) a contrivance often consisting of a noose for entangling birds or mammals; trap, gin. For a snare trap See http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/4/41/Make-a-Snare-Trap-Step-18-Version-2.jpg/aid1537715-v4-728px-Make-a-Snare-Trap-Step-18-Version-2.jpg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXtSIqYN-rU For a birds snare See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApIUhMg6Q0I and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtcfNKm9_xo /// Something by which one is entangled, involved in difficulties, or impeded, something deceptively attractive e.g., People caught in the snare of drug addiction.// e.g., ‘You fell for my clever snare, you fool!'' /// One of the catgut strings or metal spirals of a snare drum; snare drum. See http://s1.lonestarpercussion.com/resize/images/product-image/Dynasty-CS-S1450C.jpg and http://az632705.vo.msecnd.net/cmsroot/mapexdrums/media/mapex-media/products/snares/bpcw3550cnw/angle1/bpcw3550cnw_1.jpg /// A surgical instrument usually consisting of a wire loop constricted by a mechanism in the handle and used for removing tissue masses (such as tonsils). See https://orsupply.com/catalog/images/S75-9070.gif /// (transitive verb) To capture by or as if by use of a snare./// To win or attain by artful or skillful maneuvers./// To entangle or hold as if in a snare e.g., ‘Any object that snared his eye’ (Current Biog.)./// e.g., Τhey caught fish and snared seabirds.// e.g., Unfortunately, the nets also snare turtles.// e.g., They snared the first place in the contest.// e.g., The were trying to snare business from competitors (***).
· Gin = (noun) Any of various tools or mechanical devices: such as a snare for birds or small mammals or a trap for a game or a machine for raising and moving heavy weights./// Cotton gin = a machine for separating cotton from its seeds. See http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/7800/7804/cottongin_7804_lg.gif and http://www.americaslegacylinks.com/images/Cotton-gin-model-at-eli-whitney-museum-new-haven-connecticut.jpg // (transitive verb) Snare (see above)./// To separate cotton fiber from seeds and waste material./// Usually as gin up = to come up with; generate e.g., To gin up enthusiasm./// A colorless alcoholic beverage made from distilled or redistilled neutral grain spirits flavored with juniper berries and aromatics as anise and caraway seeds. For gin beverage see https://therumhowlerblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/gin-rummy.jpg?w=290&h=477 and http://www.barnonedrinks.com/tips/dictionary/images/2470.jpg // Gin rummy = a form of the card game rummy in which a player is holding cards totaling ten or less may terminate play). See https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/09/148309-004-457F67FD.jpg and https://cardgames.io/ginrummy/images/ginrummy-logo.png /// (verb) The act of laying down a full hand of matched cards in gin rummy./// (verb) To separate seeds from cotton in a cotton gin (***) (noun) (Australian English) (offensive) An Aboriginal woman./// (archaic) begin.
· Entangle = (transitive verb, usually passive) Cause to become twisted together with or caught in e.g., Fish attempt to swim through the mesh and become entangled.// e.g., Before now scientists only managed to entangle a few atoms close together, raising a question mark over the practicality of quantum technology.// e.g., At midnight, Mary awoke to a dark room with her blankets entangled around her legs./// Involve someone in difficulties or complicated circumstances from which it is difficult to escape e.g., They were suspicious of becoming entangled in a civil war.// e.g., As suits a major drama, Bruce is entangled in a complex web that makes him feel more a victim than someone in control. Entangled in/ with something or somebody = (transitive verb) Involved with something or someone in a way that makes it difficult to escape e.g., He went to the shop to buy bread, and got entangled in/with a carnival parade.// e.g., She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome (^^).
· Contrive (pronounced kənˈtrʌɪv) = (transitive verb) arrange a situation or event to happen using clever planning (* for the definition) e.g., To contrive ways of handling the situation.// e.g., The prisoners contrived a way to escape.// e.g., He contrived a meeting with the president./// ‘Couldn't you contrive a meeting between them? I think they'd really like each other.’// e.g., (+to infinitive) e.g., Somehow she contrived to get tickets for the concert (** for the last 2 examples)./// To form or create artistically or ingeniously; e.g., He contrived household utensils from stone.// e.g., Native Americans contrived weapons out of stone, wood, and bone.// e.g., ‘Do you think you could contrive something for hanging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe’ (** for this example)./// To bring about by stratagem or with difficulty; manage e.g., He contrived to win their support (***).
· Contrivance (pronounced kənˈtrʌɪv(ə)ns) = (mass noun) The use of skill to create or bring about something, especially with a consequent effect of artificiality e.g., ‘Because of the timing, I am sure the salary freeze is a deliberate contrivance, not a coincidence.’// e.g., ‘I think the meeting happened more by contrivance than chance’ (^^^ for the previous 2 examples).// e.g., The minds which made the machines, which organized factories and solved the problems of supply and distribution - and did so under high competitive pressure - received indelible training in practical contrivance.// e.g., Through the insidious contrivance called inflation, they could effectively transfer a portion of the oil fortune into their coffers./// (countable noun) A device, especially in literary or artistic composition, which gives a sense of artificiality e.g., The often tiresome contrivances of historical fiction.// e.g., The essence of the film - a meditation on gender differences and the fluidity of sexuality merged with a romance - is the film-makers’ contrivance./// A thing which is created skillfully and inventively to serve a particular purpose e.g., An assortment of electronic equipment and mechanical contrivances.
· Noose (pronounced nuːs) = (noun) A loop with a running knot, tightening as the rope or wire is pulled and typically used to hang people or trap animals. See https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/NooseKnot.jpg and http://www.wikihow.com/images/9/9c/Tie-a-Noose-Step-10-Version-2.jpg and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/NooseKnot.jpg/1200px-NooseKnot.jpg // e.g., He began to choke as the noose tightened about his throat.// e.g., A hangman's noose.// (figurative) e.g., The West is exploring ways to tighten the economic noose./// The noose = Death by hanging e.g., He earned a reprieve from the noose./// Something that snares like a noose e.g., A confirmed bachelor, he vows never to get caught in the noose of matrimony (= marriage)./// (transitive verb) To secure by a noose./// To make a noose in or of (*** for the last 2 meanings).
· Beguile (pronounced bɪˈɡʌɪl) = (verb with object) Charm or enchant someone, sometimes in a deceptive way e.g., Every prominent American artist has been beguiled by Maine.// e.g., He beguiled the voters with his good looks./// Trick someone into doing something e.g., They were beguiled into signing a peace treaty.// e.g., Decision makers beguiled into adopting a course of action may update their beliefs and abandon it./// Help time pass pleasantly e.g., To beguile some of the time they went to the movie theater (= cinema).// e.g., We beguiled our time chiefly in eating and drinking.
· Enchant (pronounced ɪnˈtʃɑːnt) = (verb) Fill someone with great delight; charm e.g., She was enchanted with the idea.// e.g., New acquaintances are genuinely enchanted by my son's name, and that tickles me.// e.g., Completely enchanted, they watched the diver from the comfort of the viewing tunnel. /// (often as adjective enchanted) = Put someone or something under a spell e.g., An enchanted garden.// e.g., With his newly enchanted sword, the imps didn't stand a chance.
· Guile (pronounced ɡaɪl) = (mass noun) Sly or cunning intelligence e.g., He used all his guile and guts to free himself from the muddle (= an untidy and disorganized state or collection) he was in.// e.g., ‘We, the people, who were brought here in chains or by guile or deception or empty promises, were to provide labor.’// e.g., She used her guile and cunning to protect the tiny innocents: she adopted twins.// e.g., He is a simple man, totally lacking in guile (^^ for the last example).
· Shady (pronounced ˈʃeɪ.di) = (adjective) Situated in or full of shade e.g., Shady woods./// Giving shade from sunlight e.g., They sprawled under a shady carob tree ((*) for the last 2 examples)./// (adjective) (informal) Dishonest or illegal e.g., I know a very shady character.// e.g., He was involved in shady deals in the past (^^ for the second meaning).
· Quaint (pronounced kweɪnt) = (adjective) attractively unusual or old-fashioned e.g., Quaint country cottages.// e.g., A quaint old custom.// e.g., The buildings vary (pronounced ˈveə.ri) between those that are old and quaint and new shopping developments.
· Duplicity (pronounced dʒuˈplɪs.ə.ti) = (mass noun) Deceitfulness e.g., The president was accused of duplicity in his dealings with Congress.// e.g., Lying, cheating, deception, and duplicity only matter when you lose, for the winners rewrite history.// e.g., To promote and protect their interest, they used coercion, bribery, and nepotism as state policy and created a culture of opportunism, deceit, duplicity, loot and plunder.// e.g., They were accused of duplicity in their dealings with both sides (^^^ for the last example).
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